Measurement of the damping coefficient of an electric power system by use of a superconducting magnet energy storage system

In this paper, a new application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) for diagnosis of power systems is proposed. Basic experiments for measurement of damping coefficient of power systems by use of SMES are carried out in an experimental system with a small generator, artificial transmission lines, and a small SMES. The SMES produces small power disturbances in the power system without affecting its operating conditions. The small power oscillations in the power system due to continuous power disturbances generated by SMES are observed. The relations among the damping coefficient, the power disturbances, and the power change of SMES are discussed for a one-machine infinite-bus system. The damping coefficients of the power system are obtained by investigating the oscillations due to the sinusoidal power changes of the SMES. The possibility of estimation of the steady-state power system stability by monitoring the damping coefficients of an operating power system by the use of SMES can be shown experimentally. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(3): 40–48, 1997     

Large penetration of wind and dispersed generation into Danish power grid

The present Danish power grid is characterised by large penetration of wind power and local combined heat and power (CHP) units. Today, there are two large offshore wind farms commissioned in the Danish power grid. Construction of two more offshore wind farms (430 MW) with grid connection to the Danish transmission power grid will be by the year 2009. The Danish power grid is undergoing a change from a classical power network with few centralised large power plants into a power network with a significant amount of wind power and dispersed generation. Presently, there must be at least three large power plant units in operation in Western Denmark to control voltage and frequency and maintain security of the power system operation. The technology change to wind power and dispersed generation implies that power supply and control from the large power plants – and, consequently, also ancillary services such as, e.g. voltage and frequency control capability – have to be reduced in favour of dispersed generation and wind. Such a change constitutes a challenge with respect to maintaining security of the power system operation in different operational situations, and creates a need for new solutions with voltage and frequency control and compliance with planned power balance between the Danish power system and the neighbouring areas. This article focuses mainly on issues with regard to short-term voltage stability of the power grid.     

Prediction of Behavior of Low‐Power Noncontact Charger

This paper proposes a method to predict the charging current, the output power, and the power transfer efficiency of a low‐power, noncontact charger with reasonable accuracy. The low‐power, noncontact charger model considered in this paper consists of a sinusoidal voltage source, a sending and receiving coil, a full wave rectifier circuit, and an AA nickel metal‐hydride battery. The capacitor that is connected in series in the sending coils of the low‐power noncontact charger model to improve the power factor was also examined. The self‐inductance, the mutual inductance, and the resistances of the coils were calculated using axisymmetric finite element analysis, and were substituted into the circuit equations. The circuit equations were solved by using the Runge‐Kutta method. The calculated charging current, output power, and power transfer efficiency were in good agreement with the experimental results.     

某于DSP的混合有源电力滤波器研究与设计

笔者结合我国电力系统谐波污染的实情,设计出了基于DSP的并联型混合有源电力滤波器,这种电力滤波器弥补了单一并联有源电力滤波器的缺陷,能以较小的补偿容量对大容量电力系统进行谐波抑制和无功功率补偿。实验结果表明：在局部电力系统中使用该装置后,基本上可消除局部电力系统的谐波污染,可使电能质量大为提高,并且能抑制由LC无源电力滤波器阻抗和电力系统阻抗引起的谐振。     

Determination of Energy Intensity of Autonomous Power Supplies Taking into Account Interruptible Service of Power Mains

A methodological approach for determining the energy intensity of autonomous power supplies in the presence of interruptible power service due to the overrange of supply quality indices has been considered. The modes of operation of the power supply system have been represented in the form of a Markov chain with discrete states and continuous time. The exponential rule of a working time distribution of the power feeds has been adopted. A marked graph of states of the power supply system that consists of the state electric mains, uninterruptible power supply equipment, and a standby diesel power station has been constructed. The matrix of transition probabilities has been created, and the analytical expressions have been obtained to determine ultimate probabilities. Since the ultimate probabilities are the mean relative residence time of the system in the given state, the analytical expression has been deducted to determine operating time of the storage battery used in the equipment of uninterruptible power supply. The operating time of other standby power supplies can be similarly calculated.     

发电机最小无功支持服务的研究

随着竞争电力市场的出现,无功辅助服务或无功电力市场吸引了研究人员和系统运行人员越来越多的关注。无功是支持电力系统安全可靠运行的一个重要服务,不恰当的无功管理将损害其它电力市场的运行效率。最近的研究显示发电机无功出力具有无功负荷供给、系统安全保障和发电机有功输电支持等作用。因此很自然地,电力市场应给予用来支持发电机有功输电的无功出力以经济补偿,据此,这一无功出力分量可认为是发电机的最小无功出力。文章提出一种基于最优潮流模型的定量研究发电机无功出力基本分量的方法,以5母线系统算例结果阐释了相关概念,并讨论了影响发电机最小无功出力的运行约束。研究结果表明最小发电机无功出力分量确实存在,这证实了所提模型的合理性。     

计及源网荷交互影响的区域电网热稳安全供电区间计算方法

新能源和负荷的不确定性与输电通道的潮流转移存在交互影响,区域电网供电能力呈现出强不确定性的特点。提出一种计及源网荷交互影响的区域电网热稳安全供电区间计算模型及其求解方法。采用安全供电区间来描述区域电网供电能力的分布范围,考虑新能源和负荷的不确定性,建立区域电网热稳安全供电区间的线性化模型。在输电通道安全运行约束中考虑可中断负荷参与调控的影响,挖掘区域电网的供电能力。实际电网的算例结果表明,不同源荷分布下的供电能力分布在一个较宽的范围,可中断负荷的分布和容量均对供电能力影响较大,验证了所提模型的正确性。     

计及集电线路和内部损耗的风电场模型分析比较

风电的接入会改变电网原有的潮流分布而对电网电压稳定性产生影响。潮流计算作为风电接入系统研究的基础,为得到其计算结果的准确性而建立风电场稳态模型具有重要的意义。以往的风电场系统潮流计算都是把整个风电场等效为一个风机处理,并没有详细讨论风电场内部的电网结构,潮流计算无法深入到风电场内部。在DigSILENT / PowerFactory中建立了改进的潮流计算模型,充分考虑了由双馈异步发电机组成的大型风电场的集电系统以及风电机组间电缆的功率损耗对稳态潮流计算的影响。     

飞轮辅助的风力发电系统功率和频率综合控制

参与电网频率控制是并网运行发电机组应有的功能。该文在分析风力发电对电力系统运行影响的基础上,提出了一种用飞轮辅助风力发电的方案,研究了风力发电-飞轮系统功率和频率综合控制方法,建立了相应的Simulink仿真模型,用实际风速对飞轮平稳风力发电机输出功率波动、参与电网频率控制进行了仿真。结果表明,在飞轮辅助下,风力发电-飞轮系统可以按要求输出平稳的功率,并且可以像传统发电机组一样参与电网频率控制。     

电力系统强迫功率振荡的基础理论

以单机无穷大系统模型为基础,阐述了电力系统强迫功率振荡的基础理论,分析了影响电力系统强迫功率振荡的主要因素,并对单机无穷大系统的强迫功率振荡进行了仿真验证。电力系统强迫功率振荡理论指出,持续的周期性小扰动会引起电力系统强迫振荡,当扰动频率接近系统固有振荡频率时,会引起系统谐振,导致大幅度的功率振荡。谐振引起的强迫振荡的幅值与扰动的幅值、系统固有的振荡阻尼大小有关:扰动的幅值越大,谐振幅值越大;系统固有的振荡阻尼越强,谐振幅值越小。谐振引起的强迫振荡的表现形式类似于属于自由振荡的电力系统负阻尼低频振荡,但两种振荡的起因不同。     

风电功率预测偏差管理与申报出力决策

风电功率的预测偏差会产生大量的自动发电控制（automatic generation control,AGC）调节费用。如何采用政策激励来提高风电预测准确性对电网安全与经济运行具有重大意义。研究了上网风电预测准确性考核管理与风电场最佳功率申报问题。借鉴当前电网调度公司对常规电源发电功率考核的方法,提出了考核风电功率预测...     

New DC Hybrid Filter for Attenuating Low-Frequency Ripple of AC-DC Power Converter

In this article, a new DC hybrid power filter is proposed to attenuate the low–frequency ripple of AC-DC power converter. The proposed DC hybrid power filter is connected between the DC bus of AC-DC power converter and the load, and it composes of a passive power filter and a single-arm power converter. The passive power filter can reduce the voltage rating of single-arm power converter, and the operation of single-arm power converter generates a virtual harmonic resistor connected to the load in series. The DC hybrid power filter can suppress the twice-utility-frequency ripple for eliminating the use of electrolytic capacitor. The salient feature is that the control circuit of the proposed DC hybrid power filter is simplified because only a feedforward control is used. A hardware prototype is developed to validate the performance of the proposed DC hybrid power filter. The experimental results are as expected.     

华北一东北联网工程系统调整试验

我国第一个大区电网间交流联网系统－－华北－－东北互联系统已与2001年5月投入运行。系统联络线是166km的500kV缓姜线。联网系统调试的主要内容有：①联网系统并列、解列试验,②联网系统无功电压调整试验,③联网系统联络线功率调整试验,④系统扰动试验（包括切机、跳线、PSS退出等）。系统调试的主要结论为：①华北－东北电网通过绥姜线并、解列,不会对两个系统造成大的冲击。②互联系统具有较好的联络线潮流控制能力。③互联系统具有较好的阻尼特性,可以保证系统发生小扰动时的动态稳定性。     

电力系统瞬时功率理论比较研究

为深入分析电力系统中广泛应用的功率理论,由三种主要的瞬时功率的定义出发,详细分析了各种瞬时功率理论的特点。同时,结合基于不同功率定义的有源滤波补偿策略,分析功率理论对补偿效果的影响。结果表明：传统瞬时功率理论适用于全局补偿;改进（广义）瞬时功率理论较适用于精确补偿的场合;p-q-r理论满足能量守恒,能用于独立无功补偿场合。     

有源电力滤波器的控制电源设计

针对有源电力滤波器(Active Power Filter,简称APF)对控制电源的需求特点,设计了一种APF的控制电源。该电源初级输入采用交流电网和APF功率直流母线双电源供电方式,其中驱动电源和直流母线反馈电源均采用单端反激式DC/DC变换电路。该设计不但满足了APF在正常运行情况下的供电需求,还能够满足掉电保护、自启动等功能对控制电源的要求。实验和现场运行验证了该设计方案的有效性。     

Proposal of a simplified method for integrating reduction of effective power of pumped storage into a generation system planning method

Pumped storage hydropower stations are extensively used as peaking and reserve power plants. The current trend in this area is to increase their power output relative to the capacity of reservoirs, which results in a shorter maximum duration of full‐power operation while availability of the energy required for the pumping becomes less evident. This increases the possibility of reducing the effective power of pumped storage units in the case of a tight supply–demand balance in the power system. Although many studies have examined a role of pumped storage in generation systems, few studies have explicitly dealt with the power reduction. This paper proposes a new linear programming model that incorporates the reduction of effective power of pumped storage. The proposed model makes it possible to easily incorporate the power reduction in computations by employing hypothetical daily load curves and dispatching loads to the curves. The model also includes LNG combined cycle power generation plants that are now being intensively implemented. The developed model is applied to a power system model. The sample study reveals that the reduction of effective power considerably varies from season to season and the reduction highly affects the optimal generation mix, that is, the optimal share of pumped storage. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn 134(4): 50–61, 2001     

考虑风电波动的电网无功设备投切策略

对于含大规模风电的电力系统,风电有功出力的易变性会引起并网点电压波动。针对传统方法为满足电压要求而导致无功补偿设备动作过于频繁的问题,应用电力系统综合分析程序(PSASP),对某省2015年含大规模风电电网进行稳态仿真计算,分析夏大负荷条件下不同风电出力断面,以网损作为评价指标,以无功补偿装置等设备的投切次数作为优化目标,提出一种能够适应风电大范围波动的无功设备投切策略。仿真算例表明,在风电出力大范围波动的情况下,该策略显著减少了无功补偿装置的投切次数。所得结论可为电力系统的运行调度及规划提供依据及参考,具有工程实用性。     

射频电源研究综述

射频电源是可以产生固定频率的正弦波、具有一定频率的高频电源,主要由射频信号源、射频功率放大器及阻抗匹配器组成,射频电源作为等离子体配套电源,广泛应用于半导体工艺设备、LED与太阳能光伏行业、科学实验中的等离子体发生、射频感应加热、医疗美容及常压等离子体消毒清洗等领域.本文梳理了国内外射频电源发展现状,重点分析电子管射频电源及晶体管射频电源的发展历程及主要技术区别,并详述国内外射频信号源、射频功率放大器及阻抗匹配器技术发展.在此基础上,对我国射频电源的发展提出合理性的建议.     

促进跨区新能源消纳的直流联络线功率优化模型及分析

提出了一种考虑直流联络线功率阶梯化运行、送端电网与多个受端电网跨区协调的常规能源与新能源联合优化的发电计划模型。建立了直流联络线功率阶梯化运行的数学模型,该模型满足直流功率调整的各项特性要求,包括直流功率阶梯化、相邻时段不可反向调整、稳定运行持续时间、日交换电量不变等约束,既充分发挥了直流联络线可灵活调节的特点,又避免了高压直流换流设备的频繁转换,提高了直流联络线计划的可执行性。同时,该模型可考虑多个跨区互联电网间的多条输电通道,以及送受端电网间的系统负荷互补性和新能源接纳能力,实现了送受端电网间的协调调度,促进新能源在更大空间范围内消纳。基于国内某跨区互联电网的实际数据,验证了所提模型的有效性。     

电力电子电抗器拓扑结构与阻抗变换分析

可变电抗器是电力系统中调压调功控制、谐波治理和无功补偿的关键设备。电力电子电抗器是一种新型的可变电抗器,它采用电磁技术、电力电子技术、控制技术、计算机技术等实现阻抗值的连续可调。这里介绍了电力电子电抗器的拓扑结构,分析了其阻抗变换原理,对其阻抗变换进行了仿真,并将其应用在电机软起动中,给出了实验结果。仿真及实验结果表明,基于电力电子电抗器阻抗可连续变化的特性,可将其应用在电机软起动、无功补偿、谐波抑制等方面,具有良好的应用前景。