改进的IMU传感器安装误差正交补偿方法

针对传统的正交补偿方法难以保证惯性测量单元具有较高的正交补偿精度的问题,提出了一种改进的适用于大角度和小角度安装误差角情形的正交补偿方法,该方法分别建立三轴加速度计和三轴光纤陀螺传感器的安装误差方程,对惯性测量单元进行速率标定和多位置静态标定,并利用最小二乘法求解惯性测量单元的安装误差方程参数.仿真和实验结果表明:该方法较传统的正交补偿方法具有较高的正交补偿精度和传感器标定精度,且回避了静态标定时在较大安装误差角下利用转位机构获得零偏存在较大误差的问题,大大地提高了标定效率.     

一种新的无陀螺惯性测量组合标定方法

无陀螺惯性测量组合在角速率解算过程中不仅需要知道加速度计标定因数、零偏及实际安装方向向量,还需要准确获取加速度计的实际安装位置.针对上述特点,以加速度计输出模型为基础,提出并建立了一种广泛适用于各种无陀螺惯性测量组合的标定方法.该方法经转台位置和速率实验验证可以准确得到加速度计标度因数、零偏及安装误差,进一步提高了载体线加速度和角速率解算精度,从而为后续的姿态解算奠定基础.     

一种微惯性测量单元标定补偿方法

在介绍微惯性测量单元组成与结构的基础上,根据MEMS惯性器件的输出特性,建立了微惯性测量单元中加速度计和陀螺仪的数学标定模型,提出并推导了一种适用于微惯性测量单元的标定方法,该方法可以得到微惯性测量单元中惯性传感器的零位、标度因数、安装误差系数及g值敏感项等33个参数;然后,具体介绍了通过加速度计重力场静态翻滚试验和陀螺仪恒角速率试验对MIMU中参数标定的方法和步骤,并对实验室自研的MIMU进行了标定;最后利用得到的标定参数对测试结果进行了误差分析与补偿;实验结果表明,该方法使MIMU的测量精度提高了1～2个数量级,能够满足姿态解算及导航计算的精度要求。     

基于多位置的MEMS加速度计快速自标定

针对MEMS加速度计输出信息受自身误差项(如零偏、标度因数、非正交误差等)干扰而影响器件自身测量精度的问题,提出一种不依赖转台设备的快速24位置标定方法.在分析MEMS加速度计输出特性基础上建立MEMS加速度计输出误差模型,设计并展开连续转停标定,利用重力特征实现加速度计误差修正.基于器件零偏、标度因数、非正交误差9个误差参数建立MEMS加速度计标定模型后,提出基于牛顿法对误差参数最优值进行估计.加速度计标定补偿实验结果表明,多位置标定方法能有效补偿自身误差并提高输出加速度信息的精度.     

旋转弹用三轴加速度计安装位置误差标定补偿技术

针对旋转弹用捷联惯性导航系统中三轴加速度计在高转速下,由于安装位置不在一个点,三个加速度计测量的不是一点的比力,在角运动环境下姿态解算时产生动态误差的问题,提出了一种标定补偿三轴加速度计安装位置误差的方法。分析了动态误差产生的原因,在常规静态标定的基础上推导了动态标定的模型,高转速下的转台试验表明本方法能够很好的补偿三轴加速度计在高转速下产生的误差,有效地提高惯性测量单元姿态测量的精度,具有很好的工程应用性。     

MEMS加速度计二阶非线性补偿方法研究

微惯性集成测量组合(MIMU)中的惯性传感器,陀螺仪和加速度计的标定补偿研究大多集中在安装误差角补偿和一阶线性常数的计算上,对二阶非线性系数的测量、计算研究的不多不深.通过分析含二次非线性系数的加速度计输出模型,提出一种补偿二次非线性系数的方法,并进行了完善的理论分析和试验.最终通过计算能有效补偿MIMU的输出精度,为后续的导航信息解算奠定了基础,具有重要的工程应用价值.     

激光捷联惯性组件精确标定方法研究

建立激光捷联惯性组件(SIMU)的输出模型;研究双轴位置转台下高精度激光SIMU的多位置标定方法,通过正、反向转动和四位置对消标定出激光陀螺的脉冲当量、安装偏差和常值漂移;应用多元回归分析法标定出加速度计的脉冲当量、安装偏差和零偏;分析了地球自转角速率、转台角位置基准偏差对陀螺标定的影响;阐述了提高陀螺组件标定精度的方法。对某型激光SIMU(陀螺漂移稳定性0.007°/h,加速度计零漂5×10-5g)进行标定与实时补偿,静态导航1 h最大纬度误差0.13海里(n mile),经度误差0.24海里(n mile);动态车载实验1 h定位误差0.7723海里(CEP)。     

一种加速度计的标定补偿方法研究

针对微惯性测量组合(MIMU)中的三轴加速度计因为安装误差的缘故,会在恶劣的锥运动环境下出现误差发散问题,本文提出一种基于三轴位置速率转台的静态旋转多位置补偿标定方法.本文通过分析误差角补偿模型来设计相应的标定试验流程,然后利用非线性拟合的数据处理方法,准确计算出标度因数矩阵和加速度计电压.最后,经过标定试验和误差计算,与十二位置标定法对比发现,本文所设计的标定补偿方法能够将误差小一个数量级,能有效提高加速度计输出精度,具有重要的工程实践意义.     

无陀螺惯性测量组合模型方案设计

无陀螺惯性测量组合(GFIMU)是利用线加速度计在空间的组合解算出载体的角速度,同时测量载体的轴向加速度,构成惯性测量组合.提出了GFIMU十二加速度计配置方案,该方案直接得出角速度数值表达式,有效避免了求解微分方程组带来的积分误差.在推导导航参数计算数学模型的基础上,设计了实物结构模型和数据采集电路,并进行了系统标定实验.提出了基于三维转台的接近gn值点和0点的多位置标定方法,可以有效地减小在加速度计标定中方位误差带来的影响.     

飞行仿真环境中惯性测量单元建模

准确的惯性测量单元(IMU)模型对飞行仿真至关重要,模型的准确性直接影响仿真试验的可靠性.为了在飞行仿真试验中能够提供有效的角速度和线加速度数据,需要建立准确的惯性测量单元仿真模型.在推导陀螺和加速度计数学模型的基础上,提出了建立陀螺及加速度计的仿真模型方法.为提高模型准确性,考虑了IMU误差影响.通过模拟AD公司的M...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。