大豆蛋白酶解制寡肽过程中褐变的抑制

通过添加不同美拉德反应抑制剂,研究了进行大豆蛋白酶水解制备寡肽反应中美拉德褐变抑制的规律。研究表明,在水解条件下,抑制剂(包括氧化剂和还原剂)能有效抑制美拉德反应在大豆蛋白水解过程中的发生,减少色素物质生成,且不影响大豆蛋白的降解率和水解液的水解度。其中H2O2的抑制效果最好。     

水解大豆蛋白制备热反应肉味香精

采用硫酸水解大豆蛋白制备肉类香精,通过正交实验和感官评定得出用15%的硫酸在固液比1∶5加热反应2.5h后的蛋白水解液,进行美拉德反应,可获得最佳肉类风味。通过大豆蛋白水解液的氨基酸和分子量分布分析,发现水解液中主要参与美拉德反应的为28个氨基酸残基的小肽和少量游离氨基酸。采用SPME方法,经GC-MS分析分离鉴定出43种挥发性化合物,主要包括呋喃类含氧化合物,噻吩、硫醇类含硫化合物,占所分离鉴定化合物的28%,所鉴定出的杂环化合物是呈现肉类风味的关键化合物。     

花生粕蛋白水解液通过Maillard反应制备鸡肉香味料研究

研究了对一定水解度的花生粕蛋白水解液,与葡萄糖在一定条件下发生美拉德反应来建立良好鸡肉香型香精.根据该体系中氨基酸种类及数量的变化以及香气成分的检测,初步探讨了生成不同香味化合物的机理.研究发现,花生粕蛋白水解液中游离氨基酸含量的高低与美拉德反应过程中氨基酸的损失率并不呈相关性,为了生成良好的鸡肉香型香味料,加入鸡油(占总溶液30%)、鸡蛋黄(占总溶液20%)等辅料是必要的.根据美拉德热反应香气成分检测表明,在这个系统中体现鸡肉香型的化合物主要是烤香、肉香和脂香化合物.     

花生粕蛋白水解液通过Maillard反应制备鸡肉香味料研究

研究了对一定水解度的花生粕蛋白水解液,与葡萄糖在一定条件下发生美拉德反应来建立良好鸡肉香型香精.根据该体系中氨基酸种类及数量的变化以及香气成分的检测,初步探讨了生成不同香味化合物的机理.研究发现,花生粕蛋白水解液中游离氨基酸含量的高低与美拉德反应过程中氨基酸的损失率并不呈相关性,为了生成良好的鸡肉香型香味料,加入鸡油(占总溶液30%)、鸡蛋黄(占总溶液20%)等辅料是必要的.根据美拉德热反应香气成分检测表明,在这个系统中体现鸡肉香型的化合物主要是烤香、肉香和脂香化合物.     

鱼蛋白水解液美拉德反应条件优化及反应前后氨基酸组成变化

以蛋白酶水解鳙鱼肉制得的蛋白水解液为对象,进行美拉德反应,获得具有酱香味的美拉德产物.通过单因素及正交试验得到的最佳反应条件是:pH 9.5、反应温度120℃、葡萄糖添加量0.15 g/mL、反应时间100min.硫胺素、维生素C对美拉德反应褐变程度及产物的气味会产生不利的影响.木糖的加入有利于美拉德反应褐变的产生,但高含量的木糖对产物气味有不利的影响.反应前、后氨基酸的分析结果显示,氨基酸变化明显的主要是:精氨酸(减少74.44％)、赖氨酸(减少65.50％)和酪氨酸(减少42.50％),说明这几种氨基酸是参与该美拉德反应产生酱香味的主要氨基酸.     

鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液及其美拉德反应产物制备及抑菌作用研究

目的 制备抗菌型鱿鱼蛋白水解液,实现鱿鱼资源的高值化利用。方法 以鱿鱼蛋白(鱿鱼头和加工碎肉)为原料,经风味蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶水解,测定各水解液对鱿鱼腐败菌(specific spoilage organisms of squid after end storage at room temperature,SE-SSOs)的抑菌性,选择合适蛋白酶水解鱿鱼蛋白,在最适酶解温度和酶解pH下,研究加酶量和酶解时间对水解液抑菌活性影响,制备鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液,通过美拉德反应提高鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液对SE-SSOs的抑菌活性,探讨抑菌模式。结果 胃蛋白酶水解鱿鱼蛋白所得水解液对SE-SSOs的抑菌效果强于其他4种蛋白酶,在胃蛋白酶最适pH 2.0和酶解温度37 ℃下,胃蛋白酶添加量500 U.g_-1^和酶解2 h制备了鱿鱼蛋白抗菌液(Squid protein antibacterial hydrolysate,SAH),SAH中分子量6500 Da左右和低于1000 Da肽组分的相对含量达到46%左右。在SAH中分别添加1%和3%质量体积比(m/v)葡萄糖、果糖和壳聚糖,在120 ℃油浴下加热30 min进行美拉德反应,其中添加3%果糖的SAH美拉德反应产物(记作SAH-3Fru MRPs)对SE-SSOs抑菌作用强于SAH和其他美拉德产物。扫描电镜结果显示SE-SSOs经SAH和SAH-3Fru MRPs作用,其中一些杆菌发生严重膜损伤,而球菌的质膜相对保持较完整。结论 胃蛋白酶水解法适用于制备抗菌型鱿鱼蛋白水解液,通过美拉德反应能进一步提高水解液的抑菌作用,SAH和SAH-3Fru MRPs均可以通过膜损伤方式抑制SE-SSOs中特定菌。因此,SAH及SAH-3Fru MRPs有进一步开发应用前景。     

虾头蛋白酶解对热反应型虾味香精风味特征的影响

利用风味蛋白酶、复合蛋白酶、碱性蛋白酶、木瓜蛋白酶和中性蛋白酶对中国对虾虾头蛋白进行水解,研究了水解过程中水解度和多肽含量的变化,并通过对虾头蛋白水解液美拉德反应产物(MRPs)的氨基酸组成、挥发性成分分析和感官评定,选出适合制备具有浓郁海鲜风味的虾味香精的蛋白酶。结果表明,5种蛋白酶在对虾头蛋白水解的过程中,水解度均逐渐增加,多肽含量先升高后降低;各水解液在美拉德反应后游离氨基酸含量普遍降低,5种MRPs主要呈鲜味、醇厚味和焦甜味,持续感较强。复合蛋白酶的蛋白水解液中多肽含量最高,其MPRs中鲜味氨基酸含量相对较高,肉香味、海鲜味和烤肉香味等特征风味较强,鲜味、持续感和醇厚味浓郁。     

酷蛋白磷酸肽防褐变的技术探讨

本文探讨了亚硫酸钠和L-抗坏血酸抑制酪蛋白在水解过程中发生褐变的技术.结果表明,在水解条件下,亚硫酸纳和L-抗坏血酸都能有效的抑制在水解制备酪蛋白磷酸肽过程中发生的褐变反应,减少色素的生成.     

白酒糟水解液的美拉德反应条件优化

以酒糟酸酶联合水解液为原料制备美拉德反应产物。采用单因素实验考察了反应温度、时间和pH3个因素对美拉德反应褐变程度的影响,并利用正交设计优化反应条件。结果表明,酒糟水解液进行美拉德反应的最佳条件为:温度110℃,时间100min和pH10,该条件下吸光度值为0.995,感官评价反应产物具有独特的酱香味。酒糟酸酶联合水解液进行美拉德反应具有可行性。     

鱿鱼内脏蛋白水解度对美拉德反应产物褐变程度的影响

以不同水解程度的鱿鱼内脏蛋白水解液为基料,通过美拉德反应制备鱿鱼味香精,研究反应前后氨基酸、多肽及还原糖含量的变化,探索蛋白水解程度对美拉德产物（MRPs）褐变程度的影响。结果表明：随着鱿鱼内脏蛋白水解度的增大,美拉德反应过程中氨基酸的消耗量增加,其中Arg、Glu、Lys、Leu的消耗量较大;多肽和还原糖的消耗量则先升高后降低,水解度为26.47%（水解4 h）时二者的消耗量达到最大;MRPs的吸光度及光谱扫描值也呈现先升高后降低的趋势,其色泽先加深再变浅。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press