Ultrasonic scattering by a fluid cylinder of elliptic cross section, including viscous effects

This paper analyzes acoustic scattering by a viscous compressible fluid cylinder of elliptic cross section submerged in an unbounded viscous nonheat-conducting compressible fluid medium. The classical method of eigenfunction expansion along with the appropriate wave field expansions and the pertinent boundary conditions are used to develop a solution in the form of infinite series involving Mathieu and modified Mathieu functions of complex arguments. The complications arising due to the nonorthogonality of angular Mathieu functions corresponding to distinct wave numbers in addition to the problems associated with the appearance of additional angular-dependent terms in the boundary conditions are all avoided in an elegant manner by expansion of the angular Mathieu functions in terms of transcendental functions and subsequent integration, leading to a linear set of independent equations in terms of the unknown scattering coefficients. A multiprecision code was developed for computing the Mathieu functions of complex argument in terms of complex Fourier coefficients that are themselves calculated by numerically solving appropriate sets of eigen-systems. The numerical results point to the imperative influence of fluid viscosity in notable reduction of pressure amplitudes at intermediate and high frequencies. They also reveal the central role of the cross sectional ellipticity in conjunction with the angle of incidence in altering the pressure directivities. Limiting cases are considered, and fair agreements with well-known solutions are obtained.     

非连续弹性圆柱实心桩屏障对弹性波的隔离

采用波函数展开法和Graf加法定理,根据桩土界面处位移和应力连续的边界条件,得到了非连续弹性圆柱实心桩屏障对入射平面P波和SH波散射系数的理论解,通过引入无量纲位移,即屏障后某处土体内由入射波和散射波引起的总的纵向位移和水平位移与未设屏障时由入射平面P波和SH波在该处土体内单独引起的位移幅值的比值,根据求得的散射系数的理论解,绘制了平面P波和SH波单独入射情况下,弹性圆柱实心桩屏障后不同位置的无量纲位移、不同剪切模量的弹性圆柱实心桩屏障后的无量纲位移等值线和透射系数随桩间距的变化曲线,通过研究这些图件进而分析了屏障后不同位置、剪切模量、桩间距和入射频率对非连续弹性圆柱实心桩屏障的隔离效果的影响,为非连续弹性屏障的隔振设计提供了理论依据.     

Multiple scattering of electromagnetic waves by an aggregate of uniaxial anisotropic spheres

An exact analytical solution is obtained for the scattering of electromagnetic waves from a plane wave with arbitrary directions of propagation and polarization by an aggregate of interacting homogeneous uniaxial anisotropic spheres with parallel primary optical axes. The expansion coefficients of a plane wave with arbitrary directions of propagation and polarization, for both TM and TE modes, are derived in terms of spherical vector wave functions. The effects of the incident angle α and the polarization angle β on the radar cross sections (RCSs) of several types of collective uniaxial anisotropic spheres are numerically analyzed in detail. The characteristics of the forward and backward RCSs in relation to the incident wavelength are also numerically studied. Selected results on the forward and backward RCSs of several types of square arrays of SiO? spheres illuminated by a plane wave with different incident angles are described. The accuracy of the expansion coefficients of the incident fields is verified by comparing them with the results obtained from references when the plane wave is degenerated to a z-propagating and x- or y-polarized plane wave. The validity of the theory is also confirmed by comparing the numerical results with those provided by a CST simulation.     

Scattering of SH-waves by an interface cavity

Summary. The scattering of the SH-wave and dynamic stress concentrations near an arbitrary cavity situated at the planar interface separating two different elastic media are investigated. The total wave field can be obtained by superposition of the free field and the scattered field. The free field is composed of the incident, reflected and refracted waves. The scattered wave fields in adjacent media are expressed respectively, and the method of wave functions expansion is applied to obtain the solutions for these fields. The scattered wave functions can be expanded into Hankel-Fourier series with unknown coefficients. In solving for the unknown coefficients according to the boundary conditions for the total wave field at the interface and at the cavity wall, the non-orthogonality makes the system of equations for the unknown coefficients infinite and coupling each other. Another key point is to extend each scattered wave field from its own half-plane domain into the full plane domain by a certain way keeping the total wave field unchanged for the non-orthogonal Fourier integrals around the cavity. Finally, the scattering of the SH wave by an interface ellipse with different ratios between long and short axis is considered, and the distributions of dynamic stress concentration factors at the cavity wall are presented.     

The analysis of elastic liner in a cylindrical tunnel subjected to sh‐waves

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the dynamic stresses of an elastic liner around a cylindrical tunnel subjected to an incident plane SH‐wave in an infinitely extended elastic medium. The investigation is based on the anti‐plane strain approximation of the dynamic theory of elasticity. The solutions are obtained by applying the method of wave functions expansion. Numerical results of dynamic stress concentrations at the outer and inner boundaries of the liner for various parameters are discussed in detail.     

Reflection of plane waves at the boundary of a pre-stressed elastic half-space subject to biaxial stretch and simple shear

This paper is concerned with the effect of finite pure homogeneous biaxial stretch together with simple shear deformation on the reflection from a plane boundary of elastic waves propagating in a half-space of incompressible isotropic elastic material. This generalizes the previous work in which, separately, pure homogeneous strain and simple shear were considered. For a special class of constitutive law, it is shown that an incident plane harmonic wave propagating in the considered plane gives rise to a surface wave in addition to a reflected wave for every angle of incidence. The amplitude of the surface wave may vanish at certain discrete angles depending on the state of stress, biaxial stretch and simple shear deformation and then specialized to recover results obtained previously. The amplitude of the reflected wave is independent of the pre-stress but does depend upon the magnitude of deformation under consideration. The dependence of the reflected and surface wave behavior on the angle of incidence, amount of shear strain, biaxial stretch and the state of stress is illustrated graphically.     

Interaction of harmonic plane waves with a mobile elastic phase boundary in anti-plane shear

This paper is concerned with the effect of sustained infinitesimal harmonic plane wave excitation of a phase boundary in a non-linearly elastic material that is subject to anti-plane shear deformation. The phase boundary is capable of motion that is here described by a harmonic travelling waveform. The reflected wave is also a harmonic plane wave, however the transmitted wave may be either in the form of a harmonic plane wave or a harmonic surface wave. The phase boundary motion is determined on the basis of a standard kinetic relation that involves a single mobility parameter. This gives phase boundary motion that is synchronized with the incident wave for the case of a transmitted plane wave, but is not synchronized with the incident plane wave for the case of a transmitted surface wave. A certain fraction of the energy provided by the incident wave is dissipated by phase boundary motion in a fashion that can be explicitly quantified. Special incident angles can suppress the reflected wave, suppress the transmitted wave or cause the dissipation to vanish.     

P1波在非饱和土地基表面的反射特性

非饱和土是地表天然土体中最常见的一种形式。与饱和土不同,非饱和土内可传播四种体波:一种剪切波(S波)和三种压缩波(P1波、P2波、P3波)。其中P1传播特性与饱和土中的快压缩波相似:传播速度最快,且衰减系数最低。因此,该文运用非饱和孔隙介质理论阐述了弹性波在非饱和土中的传播特性,分析了平面P1波在非饱和土介质自由边界上的反射问题。根据边界条件,分别导出了在非饱和土自由边界上的四种反射波:反射P1波、反射P2波、反射P3波及反射S波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数的理论表达式,并且在此基础上进行了数值计算。算例中讨论了四种反射波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数受P1波入射角及地基土体饱和度变化的影响情况。结果表明:各反射波的振幅反射系数及能量反射系数不仅与入射角有关,也受到饱和度变化的影响。这些结论对土动力学的理论研究以及工程地震勘探具有一定指导意义。     

椭圆形港湾内水波共振的解析解

通过坐标变换将线性长波方程转换为基于椭圆坐标系的水波运动方程,并采用分离变量法分别得到马丢方程描述的极角方向运动方程和拓展型马丢方程描述的径向运动方程。椭圆形港湾内的水波共振可以表示为马丢函数与拓展型马丢函数的乘积。由边界处自由水面法向量梯度为零求得水波共振的特征参数。椭圆形港湾内水波共振的极角方向波节点数与马丢函数的阶数相同,径向波节点数与边界条件相关。     

Effect of surface/interface on the dynamic stress of two interacting cylindrical nano-inhomogeneities under compressional waves

Based on the surface/interface elasticity theory, the effect of surface/interface on the dynamic stress of two interacting cylindrical nano-inhomogeneities under compressional waves is considered. The analytical solutions of displacement potentials are expressed by employing wave function expansion method and the expanded mode coefficients are determined by satisfying the boundary conditions at the interfaces. The addition theorem for cylindrical wave function is used to accomplish the superposition of wave fields in different coordinate systems. Analyses show that the effect of the interface properties on the dynamic stress is significantly related to the wave frequency of incident waves, the shear modulus ratio of the nano-inhomogeneities to matrix, and the relative position and distance between the two nano-inhomogeneities.     

Reflection and transmission properties of holographic mirrors and holographic Fabry-Perot filters. I. Holographic mirrors with monochromatic light

The reflection and transmission coefficients of holographic mirrors (HM's) and holographic Fabry-Perot filters (HFPF's) are studied. The diffraction efficiencies, the angular selectivities, and the wavelength sensitivities of HM's and HFPF's and their effects on the spectrum and on the coherence properties of the incident light are investigated. The results show that holographic techniques can indeed be used to construct high-quality reflecting mirrors and Fabry-Perot filters. HM's illuminated by a monochromatic plane wave are investigated in detail. The reflection and transmission coefficients are first studied as functions of frequency (wavelength) of the incident light and also as functions of the angle of incidence. It is shown that HM's can be used as highly reflecting mirrors around their Bragg angle of incidences. Their reflectivity curves have fairly wide angular- and frequency-selectivity ranges.     

饱和土体中多排桩屏障对压缩快波的隔离

假定桩的长度远大于直径, 将多排弹性桩组成的非连续屏障对平面压缩快波(简称P₁波)的隔离简化为弹性波多重散射的二维平面问题, 运用复变函数的保角映射方法和波场势函数展开法, 根据桩-土界面处应力和位移连续的边界条件, 得到散射波场势函数展开式中待定复系数的理论解。通过分析屏障后的位移比值(某点由入射和散射弹性波产生的总位移与入射弹性波单独产生的位移之比)的变化规律, 对比了单排、双排和三排桩屏障的隔离效果, 研究结果表明:1) 多排桩屏障对高频入射P₁波的隔离效果好于低频入射P₁波;2) 随着桩排数的增多, 多排桩屏障的隔离效果明显提高, 有效隔离区域明显增大;3) 当桩排数达到三排时, 屏障后一定范围内的隔离效果提高到了70%, 隔离效果比较理想。     

斜入射SV波对地铁车站地震响应的影响

在显式有限元法结合黏弹性人工边界的时域波动方法的基础上,建立了三维平面SV波斜入射的输入方法。半空间算例说明了该文方法具有较好的精度,并基于所建立的斜入射方法研究了地震波斜入射对北宫门地铁车站地震响应的影响。该算例结果表明:在地震波斜入射情况下,地铁车站的地震响应规律与垂直入射时的情况具有明显差异;斜入射角度对水平加速度响应并不敏感,但对竖向加速度影响较大;斜入射使得车站柱子构件的剪力和轴力明显改变,柱子轴力随着入射角增加而明显增大;边墙控制点的应力状态也受入射角的影响较大,各控制点的第一、第三主应力都出现了随着入射角度增加而增大的规律。在地铁车站等地下结构抗震研究中,应考虑地震波斜入射的影响。     

Fundamental solutions for SH-waves in a continuum with large randomness

Fundamental solutions for horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves propagating in continuous medium with an arbitrarily large random wave number are derived herein. These fundamental solutions, or Green's functions, besides being useful in their own right, also serve as kernel functions for integral equation formulations that can be used in the numerical solution of elastic wave scattering problems of practical importance. Thus, the present work serves as an extension of earlier derivations of boundary integral equation statements based on the perturbation approach by removing the assumption of small fluctuations of key medium properties about their mean values. The methodology developed here is based on a series expansion of the fundamental solutions of the SH wave equation under time harmonic conditions using an orthogonal polynomial basis (polynomial chaos) for the randomness. The position-dependent coefficients of this expansion are subsequently found from the resulting vector wave equation, which is uncoupled through use of the eigensolution of its system matrix. Finally, some representative cases are solved and the results are contrasted with those obtained by the perturbation method. At the same time, the accuracy of the solution to the number of terms used in the polynomial expansion is investigated.     

位于弹性半空间上的理想流体层动力反应--平面SV波入射

根据弹性固体与理想流体动力学方程,导出了固-液介质交界面上波的透射与反射系数的理论公式,分析了平面SV波从弹性半空间入射到与理想流体层的交界面时,弹性半空间的弹性模量和密度,平面SV波的入射角和频率,以及流体的体积模量和密度对理想流体层动压力的影响。     

Wave Propagation in a Green–Naghdi Thermoelastic Solid with Diffusion

The Green and Naghdi theory of thermoelasticity is applied to study plane-wave propagation in an elastic solid with thermo-diffusion. The governing equations of an elastic solid with generalized thermo-diffusion are solved to show the existence of three coupled longitudinal waves and a shear vertical (SV) wave in a two-dimensional model of the solid with thermo-diffusion. The reflection of plane waves from a thermally insulated stress-free surface of an elastic solid with thermo-diffusion is also studied. A non-homogeneous system of four equations in reflection coefficients is obtained. The speeds of the plane waves are computed numerically and plotted against frequency for a particular range. The complex absolute values of the reflection coefficients of all reflected waves are computed numerically and plotted against the angle of incidence of the striking wave at the free surface. The effects of diffusion parameters are shown graphically for speeds and reflection coefficients of plane waves.     

Interface Effect on the Dynamic Stress around an Elliptical Nano-Inhomogeneity Subjected to Anti-Plane Shear Waves

In the design of advanced micro- and nanosized materials and devices containing inclusions, the effects of surfaces/interfaces on the stress concentration become prominent. In this paper, based on the surface/interface elasticity theory, a two-dimensional problem of an elliptical nano-inhomogeneity under anti-plane shear waves is considered. The conformal mapping method is then applied to solve the formulated boundary value problem. The analytical solutions of displacement fields are expressed by employing wave function expansion method, the expanded mode coefficients are determined by satisfying the boundary conditions at the interfaces of the nano-inhomogeneity. Analyses show that the effect of the interfacial properties on the dynamic stress is significantly related to the wave frequency of incident waves, the shear modulus ratio of the nano-inhomogeneity and the matrix, and the dimensions of the elliptical nano-inhomogeneity. Comparison with the previous results is also presented.     

S波由饱和土入射于弹性土时在界面上的反射与透射

从地震工程实际出发，借助Biot多孔介质中的波动方程，根据各种界面条件导出了S波从饱和土入射于弹性土时在交界面上反射与透射的一般计算公式。作为算例，数值计算分析了S波从饱和土入射于饱和土与弹性土交界面时，饱和土中P1、P2和S波的反射系数以及弹性土中P波、SV射系数与界面排水条件、入射角以及频率之间的关系。结果表明：各种波的反射、透射系数与入射角、入射频率以及界面排水条件有关系。     

单排非连续刚性桩屏障对弹性波的隔离

对于人工振动产生的弹性波,如果刚性桩屏障埋置足够深,在分析其对弹性波的隔离效果时,可以简化为固定的刚性桩屏障对弹性波的多重散射问题。采用波函数展开法将入射波和散射波的势函数展开成Fourier-Bessel函数的级数形式,根据Graf加法定理和固定刚性桩周边土体的边界条件得到散射系数的理论解,引入了无量纲位移(屏障后土体中由入射波和散射波产生的总的位移幅值与入射波在该处单独产生的位移幅值之间的比值)和透射系数(屏障后屏障宽度范围内的无量纲位移的几何平均值)的概念,绘制了屏障后一定范围内的无量纲位移等值线,及屏障后某处的透射系数随桩净距(相邻两桩之间的空隙)的变化曲线,通过分析这些曲线得出,对于三种入射体波(SV波、P波和SH波):屏障后越靠近屏障,隔离效果越好;当桩净距接近一倍桩半径时,屏障的整体隔离效果达到最好。     

A BEM solution to transverse shear loading of beams

In this paper a boundary element method is developed for the solution of the general transverse shear loading problem of beams of arbitrary simply or multiply connected constant cross section. The analysis of the beam is accomplished with respect to a coordinate system that has its origin at the centroid of the cross section, while its axes are not necessarily the principal ones. The transverse shear loading is applied at the shear center of the cross section, avoiding in this way the induction of a twisting moment. Two boundary value problems that take into account the effect of Poisson’s ratio are formulated with respect to stress functions and solved employing a pure BEM approach, that is only boundary discretization is used. The evaluation of the transverse shear stresses at any interior point is accomplished by direct differentiation of these stress functions, while both the coordinates of the shear center and the shear deformation coefficients are obtained from these functions using only boundary integration. Numerical examples with great practical interest are worked out to illustrate the efficiency, the accuracy and the range of applications of the developed method. The accuracy of the proposed shear deformation coefficients compared with those obtained from a 3-D FEM solution of the ‘exact’ elastic beam theory is remarkable.