纳米无机粒子改性聚丙烯研究进展

综述纳米CaCO3、纳米TiO2、纳米SiO2对聚丙烯(PP)的改性研究进展。重点讨论了纳米无机粒子对PP改性的机理和影响因素。结果表明,纳米粒子可改善PP的力学性能(增强、增韧)、抗老化性能及抗菌性能等。     

纳米无机刚性粒子改性聚丙烯研究进展

综述了纳米CaCO3、纳米TiO2、纳米SiO2对聚丙烯（PP）的改性研究进展。重点讨论了纳米无机粒子对PP改性的机理和影响因素。结果表明，纳米粒子可改善PP的力学性能（增强、增韧）、抗老化性能及抗菌性能等。     

不同紫外光对无机纳米材料改性聚丙烯老化行为的影响

将无机纳米材料与聚丙烯（PP）熔融共混制备耐候性PP复合材料。采用透射电子显微镜、凝胶渗透色谱、红外光谱以及力学性能测试等手段研究了纳米二氧化钛（nano-TiO2）、纳米二氧化硅（nano-SiO2）、纳米氧化锌（nano-ZnO）等无机材料对PP抗紫外老化性的影响。结果表明,无机纳米材料的含量为0.3 ％时,分散性最好,可促使PP力学性能提高;PP/nano-TiO2的抗紫外线老化性能最好,与纯PP相比,老化144 h后断裂伸长率保持率在波长为340 nm和313 nm紫外光源中分别提高了31.5 %和11.8 %。     

聚丙烯基纳米复合材料的制备方法与力学性能

综述了聚丙烯(PP)基纳米复合材料的制备方法和力学性能的研究进展，介绍了目前国内外研究的以PP为基体与粘土层状物、无机、金属纳米粒子复合制备的复合材料的表面处理、制备方法与材料力学性能的关系。用传统的表面处理方法可改善纳米粒子的分散性与力学性能，少量纳米粒子可使PP同时获得增强增韧。     

碳酸钙／聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能对比研究

研究了无机刚性材料纳米或微米碳酸钙对聚丙烯(PP)的填充改性以及利用钛酸酯偶联剂对纳米碳酸钙进行表面处理后,对于碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料体系的力学性能的影响.结果表明,纳米碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能明显优于微米碳酸钙/聚丙烯复合材料的力学性能;钛酸酯偶联剂改性处理纳米碳酸钙粒子后,其复合体系的冲击强度和断裂伸长率有明显的提高.     

无机纳米粒子改性PP热氧老化性能的研究

采用热烘箱老化法,研究了无机纳米粒子对聚丙烯(PP)热氧老化性能的影响;并对PP老化前后的羰基含量和力学性能的变化进行了表征,同时也表征了纯PP及改性PP的热氧降解性能。结果表明,无机纳米粒子不同程度地抑制了PP的热氧降解反应,其中以TiO2的改性效果为最佳。     

新型纳米光触媒剂二氧化钛改性聚丙烯的研究

采用一种新型的纳米光触媒剂二氧化钛(TiO2)来改性聚丙烯(PP)，将无机纳米粒子通过熔融共混方法与PP复合制备了纳米TiO2／PP复合材料，利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)观察纳米粒子在聚丙烯基体中的分散效果，研究了纳米TiO2／PP复合材料的力学性能和抗菌性能。实验结果表明，填充量较少时纳米TiO2在PP基体中能够实现良好的分散。力学性能测试结果表明，填加质量分数为1％的纳米TiO2可以明显提高PP材料的抗冲击性能；纳米粒子质量分数在0～1％范围内对复合材料的拉伸强度几乎没有影响；而随着纳米光触媒剂TiO2的加入，PP具有良好的杀菌作用，并且随着TiO2含量的增加，复合材料的抗菌性能呈明显提高趋势。     

纳米无机抗菌剂对聚丙烯性能的影响

聚丙烯(PP)在使用过程中容易受到有害微生物的污染,采用双螺杆挤出机将纳米无机抗菌剂与聚丙烯进行熔融共混制备了抗菌PP,研究了抗菌PP的力学性能和抗菌性能。采用扫描电镜观察纳米无机抗菌剂在PP中的分散情况;通过原子吸收分光光度计测定了抗菌剂中银离子的溶出量。结果表明:添加4种纳米无机抗菌剂的PP均具有抗菌效果。其中,当RHA-M型抗菌剂添加量为0.2%时,抑菌环直径最小,为8.5 mm;当RHA-M型抗菌剂添加量为1.0%时,抑菌环直径最大,为30.1 mm;银离子溶出实验说明PP复合材料具有一定的抗菌持久性;通过测试该抗菌PP的拉伸强度和冲击强度,表明4种抗菌剂的加入对PP的性能影响较小。     

纳米技术在阻燃聚丙烯中的研究进展

综述了纳米无机阻燃剂在阻燃聚丙烯(PP)中的研究进展,主要包括 PP/纳米级金属氢氧化物复合材料、PP/碳纳米管复合材料、PP/蒙脱土纳米复合材料和 PP/POSS 纳米复合材料。     

无机纳米材料改性聚丙烯的研究进展

本文综述了聚丙烯／无机物纳米复合材料的制备、表面处理、物理与力学性能的研究进展。PP纳米复合材料可用传统的方法成型加工，除用传统的偶联剂外，可用大分子相容剂或官能团化聚丙烯作为偶联剂或基体，改善PP纳米材料的分散性、界面粘结和力学性能。少量无机物纳米粒子可使PP获得增强增韧。     

Preparation and characterization of polypropylene/silica nanocomposites by gamma irradiation via ultrafine blend

Polypropylene/silica nanocomposites were prepared by gamma irradiation via ultrafine blend so that the silica at 3% loading level can be well dispersed to polymeric materials for improving their mechanical performance. First, ultrafine blend processing in the melt state is an effective method for improving physical dispersion of nanosilica. Then irradiation technique generates firm and impervious joint between polypropylene and silica, due to the adding of the compatibilizer, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene. The reaction of maleic anhydride groups with the hydroxyl groups on the surface of nanosilica was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra (FTIR). Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarized optical microscope (POM) were introduced to characterize the polypropylene/silica nanocomposites. Also the mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were evaluated by tensile strength, young’s modulus and elongation at break, which showed good enhancement due to well dispersed silica and improving interface combination.     

聚合物/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备研究

本文以聚丙烯和有机蒙脱土为原料，采用插层复合法制备聚合物／层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料，用透射电镜对复合材料的结构进行表征，测定了复合材料的力学性能，结果表明，用马来酸酐化聚丙烯作界面相容剂，聚丙烯大分子链分子插层进入到有机改性蒙脱土的硅酸盐片层中间，并且聚丙烯／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的力学性能有一定的提高。     

Nanocomposites of isotactic polypropylene reinforced with rod-like cellulose whiskers

Nanocomposite films of isotactic polypropylene reinforced with cellulose whiskers highly dispersed with surfactant were prepared for the first time and compared with either bare or grafted aggregated whiskers. Films obtained by solvent casting from toluene were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis and tensile testing. Evaluation of the crystallization behavior showed that the aggregated or surfactant-modified whiskers induced two crystalline forms (α and β) in the nanocomposites and also acted as nucleating agents for isotactic polypropylene. The linear mechanical properties above the glass-rubber transition were found to be drastically enhanced for all three of the nanocomposites as compared to the neat polypropylene matrix, and these effects were attributed to a mechanical coupling between the polypropylene crystallites and filler/filler interactions. For the mechanical experiments at large deformations, the quality of the whisker dispersion was found to play a major role. The nanocomposites obtained with the surfactant-modified whiskers exhibited enhanced ultimate properties when compared to the neat matrix or to the composites containing the other filler types.     

PP/PA6/OMMT复合材料力学性能与结晶性能的研究

采用3种不同有机改性过的蒙脱土(牌号为DK2,DK3,DK5)熔融插层法制备了PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合物材料,在此基础上使用1%～7%的DK2的蒙脱土再次制备PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合物材料,借助力学性能测试和差示扫描量热法(DSC)对体系的力学性能和结晶性能进行了研究。结果表明:使用DK2制备的复合材料的力学性能优于使用DK3和DK5制备的复合材料的力学性能;相对于纯PP,PP/PA6/OMMT纳米复合物材料随OMMT含量的增加,拉伸强度和弯曲强度是先增加后降低,最大下降幅度分别为8.7%和5.3%;冲击韧性一直上升达到9.61kJ/m2。OMMT的加入,对PP/PA6有异相成核的作用,提高PP/PA6的结晶速率和结晶度。     

Preparation and properties of polypropylene filled with organo‐montmorillonite nanocomposites

Organo‐Montmorillonite (Org‐MMT)/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH)/polypropylene nanocomposites have been prepared by melt blending with twin‐screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and the dispersion of Org‐MMT intercalated by the macromolecular chain were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and mechanical tests. The crystal properties of the nanocomposites have been tested by a differential scanning calorimeter. The thermal properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by thermo gravimetric analysis. The results show that not only the impact property but also the tensile property and the bending modulus of the system have been increased evidently by the added Org‐MMT. The Org‐MMT has been dispersed in the matrix in the nanometer scale. With the addition of the Org‐MMT, the melting point and the crystalling point of the nanocomposites increased; the total velocity of crystallization of the nanocomposites also increased. Thermal stability of the nanocomposites is increased by the filled Org‐MMT. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 2875–2880, 2006     

Nanocomposites of polypropylene/titanate nanotubes: morphology,nucleation effects of nanoparticles and properties

High-quality titanate nanotubes (TiNT) were mixed with modified polypropylene (PP*) by a batch melt-mixing procedure. To improve compatibility between the nanofiller and the matrix, polypropylene (PP) was modified by electron beam irradiation. Effects of TiNT nanoparticles on crystallization, mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of the modified polypropylene were studied and compared with the analogous systems filled with commercial micro- (mTiO₂) and nano- (nTiO₂) titanium dioxide particles. Nucleation effects of the TiO₂-based fillers on PP* crystallization were investigated in detail. The microstructure of the PP*/TiNT nanocomposites shows well-dispersed TiNT sparse aggregates (clouds), penetrated by the polymer. A large-scale structure in the nanocomposite melts confirmed also rheology. In comparison to the matrix characteristics, the stiffness and microhardness of the TiNT nanocomposites increase by 27 and 33 %, respectively. The enhancement in mechanical properties demonstrates that the quality titanate nanotubes can be used as an efficient filler in non-polar polymers using the polymers modified by irradiation. In the case of the nanocomposites containing nTiO₂-anatase particles, the increase in these mechanical characteristics is lower. The investigated changes in the rate of crystallization indicate a marked nucleation effect of the nanotubes. The crystallization kinetics data, processed by the Avrami equation, suggest 3-dimensional crystal growth in the polypropylene matrix. The observed improvement in mechanical properties of the TiNT nanocomposites is induced not only by the nanofiller reinforcement but also by the changes of supermolecular structure of the polymer matrix due to nucleated crystallization.     

Polypropylene‐organoclay nanocomposite: Preparation,microstructure, and mechanical properties

A series of polypropylene (PP) nanocomposites containing 2, 4, and 6 wt % of an organophilic montmorillonite clay was prepared via direct melt mixing in the presence of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PP‐g‐MAH) as compatibilizing agent. Microstructure characterization was performed by X‐ray diffraction analysis. Nanocomposites exhibited a 15 and 22% enhancement in tensile modulus and impact strength, respectively. The heat deflection temperature of PP nanocomposites was 36°C greater than for pure PP. Thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposites were compared to properties of traditional PP‐talc and PP‐glass fiber composites. The results showed that the properties of nanocomposites improved compared to ordinary polypropylene composites. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

两步法制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料及其性能研究

采用两步法制备聚丙烯/蒙脱土纳米复合材料PP/MMT,考察了工艺配方和制备条件对材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,两步法制备工艺对PP/MMT的力学性能有明显提高,最佳工艺配方:蒙脱土含量为2%,相容剂含量为15%,最佳制备条件:加工温度200℃,螺杆转速50 r/min。在此条件下制备的PP/MMT复合材料中蒙脱土达到纳米级分散。     

Nanocomposites of polypropylene impact copolymer and organoclays: role of compatibilizers

Nanocomposites of polypropylene impact copolymer and organoclays were prepared using different compatibilizers (polypropylene‐graft‐(maleic anhydride) (PPMA), polyethylene‐graft‐(maleic anhydride) (PEMA) and their mixture) and varying percentages of clay (3 and 6%) in an attempt to obtain balanced mechanical properties. The nanocomposites were prepared by melt compounding and test specimens were prepared by injection molding. Mechanical properties such as tensile, flexural and Izod impact strength are reported. The clay dispersion was investigated using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction while the phase morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the mechanical properties of the system with mixed PPMA and PEMA compatibilizers showed the best balance of mechanical properties among the nanocomposites explored. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry     

The comparison of the behaviors of polymer/clay nanocomposites based on high density polyethylene and polypropylene in exposure of electron‐irradiation

The effect of irradiation on thermal and mechanical properties of high density polyethylene (HDPE) and polypropylene (PP)/clay nanocomposites in the presence of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) for enhancing the clay dispersion into the polymer matrices is considered. The morphology studies show that clay layers satisfactorily expand in the presence of compatibilizers. The irradiation improves the mechanical properties of HDPE nanocomposites at 500 kGy, but it decreases the tensile strength of PP nanocomposites. The addition of PEG markedly ameliorates the mechanical properties of HDPE nanocomposites at 500 kGy, while this improvement is not deduced for PP nanocomposites. The thermogravimetric analysis data show that the irradiation increases the thermal stability of HDPE nanocomposites at the clay content of 5 wt% with and without compatibilizer. The thermal stability of PP nanocomposites descends with the irradiation dose, and the presence of PPG into the PP matrix intensifies this reduction. POLYM. COMPOS., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers