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水盐体系相平衡的研究是无机盐化工的理论基础,对于盐湖资源的开发和利用有着非常重要的意义。概述了甲醇-水、乙醇-水、多元醇-水混合溶剂体系中的相平衡研究,总结了各混合溶剂体系的特点和研究进展。 相似文献
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纤维素在亚临界水中催化水解制取葡萄糖的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以纤维素为原料,在反应温度200~260℃、反应时间0.5~5.0 h的条件下,研究了纤维素在亚临界水中水解制取葡萄糖反应及以金属盐类、H2CO3(CO2)等催化剂对水解过程的影响。结果表明:温度和反应时间对葡萄糖收率起决定性作用;无催化剂时,在220℃,反应1.5 h的条件下,葡萄糖收率达到最高的6.56%;200℃时,以葡萄糖收率衡量的各催化剂活性顺序为,FeCl3>CoCl2>AlCl3,Fe(NO3)3>Fe2(SO4)3>FeCl3;充入CO2压力(2 MPa、4 MPa和6 MPa)越大,葡萄糖收率越高;在以Fe(NO3)3为催化剂、温度200℃、反应时间0.5 h时,葡萄糖最大收率为21.45%。 相似文献
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将离子液体氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑([BMIM]C1)、水、固体酸催化剂组成的混合溶剂应用于微晶纤维素的预处理过程中,并尝试把经过预处理的微晶纤维素应用于随后的溶剂液化的研究中,对经过混合溶剂处理后的微晶纤维素进行表征分析。通过测定纤维素的聚合度、官能团基变化、热重分析、结晶结构和表面结构等对微晶纤维素结构进行比较分析。通过对苯酚溶剂液化的基本表征、残渣物的结晶结构以及生成物相对分子质量的变化了解了混合溶剂对微晶纤维素的处理效果。结果表明,通过混合离子液体[BMIM]C1和水并且添加固体酸催化剂形成新的混合溶剂体系对微晶纤维素进行预处理,发现溶剂在保留纤维素主要葡萄糖单元的同时能够有效地降低聚合度。聚合度从未处理时的190降到样品[B]C1(10)的165和样品[B]C1(10)+NR50的151。混合溶剂对非结晶或低结晶物质具有一定的溶解能力,并且对高结晶性纤维素部分的氢键结构起到破坏作用和造成整体结晶结构的歪曲。在随后的液化过程中,处理后的纤维素液化效率有所提高,在反应2min时,固体酸加混合溶剂处理的微晶纤维素液化残渣率为19%,而未处理的液化残渣率29%。表明使用了混合溶剂添加固体酸的溶剂体系对加速液化的效果更佳,预处理对最终液化生成物的性质影响不大。 相似文献
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3,5,6-三氯吡啶-2-醇钠(STCP)热稳定性的研究对于认识2,3,5,6.四氯吡啶(TCP")水解制取STCP过程和STCP废水的处理具有重要的实际意义.在管式反应器中考察了温度、压力、停留时间和物料配比对STCP稳定性及其降解产物的影响.结果表明,当温度低于280℃时,STCP具有良好的稳定性;随着反应温度的升高、压力的增大和停留时间的延长,其稳定性降低.降解产物在525 nm处出现的特征峰是STCP的异构体吡啶酮类化合物引起的.此外,在加压条件下研究了反应温度、压力、时间和原料配比对TCP水解的影响,其中反应温度是决定水解反应的关键因素,TCP与NaOH摩尔比为1:4时,140℃下反应3 h,收率达95%以上,纯度为99%. 相似文献
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采用平衡法测定了278.15~313.15 K甘氨酸在纯水及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度;采用Apelbla t经验方程和(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程分别对甘氨酸在纯水和丙酮-水体系中的溶解度数据进行了关联,并对(CNIBS)/Redlich-Kister方程进行了温度影响分析。结果表明,甘氨酸在纯水中的溶解度随着温度的升高而增大;甘氨酸在丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度随着丙酮与水的质量比的增加而变小;当丙酮与水的质量比达到实验中最大值即4时,甘氨酸的溶解度接近于0;在相同丙酮与水的质量比下,甘氨酸的溶解度随着温度升高而有所增大。甘氨酸在纯水及丙酮-水混合溶剂中的溶解度模型关联的标准方差均能达到1×10-4,精度满足工程需要。实验数据及相应模型为甘氨酸结晶过程分析和设计提供了重要依据。 相似文献
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文章研究了醇水混合溶剂中无机物沉淀结晶的一些规律。研究结果表明,通过选择合适的实验条件,混合溶剂可以有效调控无机晶体的结晶行为,为控制无机晶体的晶型、形貌、尺寸等提供了可借鉴方法。 相似文献
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介绍了L-抗坏血酸在水和水-低碳醇混合溶剂中结晶成核的测定方法,同时还研究了甲醇,乙醇,异丙醇对其成核的影响。应用Kubota提出的成核模型,对加晶种操作过程进行了详细考察,按照不同的降温速率,测得溶液的极限过冷度,从而确定了有关动力学参数。讨论了温度对常数kb和指数n的影响。 相似文献
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The derivatization of cellulose in mixtures of lithium chloride and N,N-dimethylacetamide (LiCl/DMAc) is described. A wide range of cellulose derivatives, including cellulose esters, carbamates, sulphonates and ethers, have been synthesized in homogeneous solution using the LiCl/DMAc solvent. In most cases, a high degree of substitution was achieved, and the degree of substitution could be controlled accurately. Compared to current heterogeneous synthesis of cellulose derivatives, reactions conducted in homogeneous solutions of LiCl/DMAc have many advantages: (1) reactions may be conducted at moderate temperatures; (2) less reagent is required; (3) less degradation of the cellulose occurs; and (4) substitution is uniformly controllable. 相似文献
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Zhiguo Zhang Guihua Yang Ming He Letian Qi Xincai Li Jiachuan Chen 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(23)
The application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in antibacterial materials, glucose detection, etc., is of broad interest for researchers around the world. Nanocellulose with many excellent properties can be used as a carrier and stabilizer to assist in the synthesis of AgNPs. In this study, cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were used to assist in the synthesis of AgNPs under the reduction of glucose and detection of glucose concentration under different conditions. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the AgNPs in the nanocellulose-AgNPs (NC-AgNPs) system were roughly spherical and randomly distributed on the nanocellulose. In the whole reaction system, when the concentration of nanocellulose is 0.11 mg/mL, the concentration of silver ammonia solution is 0.6 mM, and the mixing time is 2.5 h, according to the UV-Vis analysis, the absorbance of CNF-AgNPs at 425 nm exhibited a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9945) with the glucose concentration range (5–50 μM), while the absorbance of CNC-AgNPs at 420 nm showed a good linear relationship (R2 = 0.9956) with the glucose concentration range (5–35 μM). The synthesis of NC-AgNPs can be further developed into a sensor with higher sensitivity and higher stability for detecting glucose concentration and a material with antibacterial effects. 相似文献
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应用纤维素分解菌降解香蕉杆生成可发酵糖的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
采用纤维素分解菌对香蕉杆进行快速降解并转化可发酵糖研究,对影响纤维素水解效率的各因素进行了探讨,结果表明最优的水解糖化条件为香蕉杆与麸皮按6∶2的质量比添加,1.4%质量分数的KNO3为氮源,料水质量比1∶3,起始培养基pH值5,培养时间96 h,以0.05%质量分数的吐温-20为添加剂,每克干料中微量元素添加量为MnSO4.H2O 0.98μg、浓盐酸1μL、ZnSO40.98μg和FeCl32.67μg,每天翻动一次堆料。香蕉杆水解后葡萄糖产率达19%,相当于香蕉杆中约42%的纤维素水解并转化成葡萄糖。 相似文献
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The diffusion behaviour of glucose and three of its derivatives in aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose was studied as a function of polymer concentration. A shearing type diffusion cell was used together with a schlieren optical system. The presence of polymer did not affect the diffusion of glucose. The derivatives, however, exhibited a linear decrease in diffusion coefficient with increasing polymer concentration. The results were discussed in terms of solvation and obstruction. 相似文献
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纤维素是自然界中最丰富的植物生物质组分,拓宽纤维素的利用对于减少化石资源使用和可持续发展非常重要。本文综述了以纤维素为原料,通过化学催化转化得到平台化合物葡萄糖、羟甲基糠醛、乙酰丙酸、多元醇的方法,包括离子液体催化、固体酸催化和贵金属催化加氢等,以及上述平台化合物后续转化的途径。如羟甲基糠醛的氧化与还原,乙酰丙酸制备γ-戊内酯、烃、1,4-戊二醇和甲基四氢呋喃,以及多元醇催化重整制备液体燃料。提出纤维素催化制备平台化合物的研究成果将为可再生资源替代化石资源的可持续发展提供有力的理论支持和实践指导。 相似文献
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改性淀粉类绿色化学品开发及应用研究进展 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
简要介绍了淀粉的结构特点及其物理、化学和酶法等改性方法,重点评述了羧甲基淀粉、氧化淀粉、阳离子淀粉、交联淀粉、接枝淀粉、多元改性淀粉的改性,应用现状和研究成果及其发展趋势。改性淀粉是食品、纺织、造纸、医药等众多工业的原辅料,因此具有广阔的发展前景。 相似文献
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Yongjun Huang Tingting Wang Jianzhong Zheng Feiming Li Wangrong Lan Fengying Zheng Shunxing Li 《大分子材料与工程》2021,306(10):2100200
The application of all-inorganic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is considerably limited by their inherent instability under the ubiquitous environmental conditions with high water content, temperature, and UV intensity. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are combined with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for the first time to improve the uniform luminous performance and environmental stability of PNCs, attributing to the dense growth of PNC via lead ions bound with rich carbonylation on CNT surfaces, the excellent characteristics of CNTs (including hydrophobicity, electrical conductivity, specific heat, UV absorption capacity), the weather resistance of PAN polymer, and their synergistic effect. Here, via one-step single-nozzle electrospinning at room temperature, CNTs, PNCs, and PAN are comprised as core–shell nanofibers (i.e., CNTs/PNCs@PAN) with tunable emissions between 472 and 683 nm, covering the visible light range from blue to red. The photoluminescence intensity of CNTs/CsPbBr3@PAN can be 93%, 91%, and 91% of the initial value, respectively, after being immersed in water for 20 days, heated to 90 °C, and exposed to 365 nm light irradiation for 48 h, which are superior to those of the previously reported PNCs/PAN fibers. The ultrahigh water stability is further proven by CNTs/PNCs@PAN-based sensor for rhodamine 6G solution fluorescence detection. 相似文献