The minimal dimension of stable faces required to guaranteestability of a matrix polytope: D-stability

The problem of determining whether a polytope P of n ×n matrices is D-stable-i.e. whether each point in P has all its eigenvalues in a given nonempty, open, convex, conjugate-symmetric subset D of the complex plane-is discussed. An approach which checks the D-stability of certain faces of P is used. In particular, for each D and n the smallest integer m such that D-stability of every m-dimensional face guarantees D-stability of P is determined. It is shown that, without further information describing the particular structure of a polytope, either (2n-4)-dimensional or (2n-2)-dimensional faces need to be checked for D-stability, depending on the structure of D. Thus more work needs to be done before a computationally tractable algorithm for checking D-stability can be devised     

A qualitative bound in robustness of stabilization by statefeedback

It is proved that placing the poles of a linear time-invariant system arbitrarily far to the left of the imaginary axis is not possible if small perturbations in the model coefficients are taken into account. Given a nominal controllable system (A₀, B ₀) with one input and at least two states and an open ball around B₀ (no matter how small), there exists a real number γ and a perturbation B within that ball such that for any feedback matrix K placing the eigenvalues of A ₀+B₀K to the left of Res=γ, there is an eigenvalue of A₀+BK with real part not less than γ     

Numerical algorithms for eigenvalue assignment by constant anddynamic output feedback

Algorithms are proposed for eigenvalue assignment (EVA) by constant as well as dynamic output feedback. The main algorithm is developed for single-input, multioutput systems and the results are then extended to multiinput, multioutput systems. In computing the feedback, use is made of the fact that the closed-loop eigenvalues can almost always be assigned arbitrarily close to the desired locations in the complex plane, provided the system satisfies the condition m+ p>n, where m, p, and n are , respectively, the number of inputs, outputs and states of the system. The EVA problem has been treated as a converse of the algebraic eigenvalue problem. The proposed algorithms are based on the implicitly shifted QR algorithm for solving the algebraic eigenvalue problem. The performance of the algorithms is illustrated by several numerical examples     

Design and analysis of even-sized binary shuffle-exchange networksfor multiprocessors

The architecture and performance of binary shuffle-exchange networks of any size are investigated. It is established that a network with a shuffle-exchange stages whose number equals the least integer ⩾log₂N or a single recirculating stage can provide the connectivity between N inputs and N outputs using a distributed tag-based control algorithm. Control tags depend on both source and destination when N is not a power of two and can be computed in a simple manner. Several structural and dynamic properties of the network are established, contrasting the behavior of the power-of-two and composite sized systems. The performance of the network in a stochastic environment is investigated analytically. It is shown that the shuffle-exchange networks behave in much the same way with respect to traffic and buffer capacity regardless of whether the system size is a power of two or not     

A novel discrete relaxation architecture

The discrete relaxation algorithm (DRA) is a computational technique that enforces arc consistency (AC) in a constraint satisfaction problem (CSP). The original sequential AC-1 algorithm suffers from O(n³m³) time complexity, and even the optimal sequential AC-4 algorithm is O (n²m²) for an n-object and m-label DRA problem. Sample problem runs show that these algorithms are all too slow to meet the need for any useful, real-time CSP applications. A parallel DRA5 algorithm that reaches a lower bound of O(nm) (where the number of processors is polynomial in the problem size) is given. A fine-grained, massively parallel hardware computer architecture has been designed for the DRA5 algorithm. For practical problems, many orders of magnitude of efficiency improvement can be reached on such a hardware architecture     

A linear algorithm for generating random numbers with a givendistribution

Let ξ be a random variable over a finite set with an arbitrary probability distribution. Improvements to a fast method of generating sample values for ξ in constant time are suggested. The proposed modification reduces the time required for initialization to O( n). For a simple genetic algorithm, this improvement changes an O(g n 1n n) algorithm into an O(g n) algorithm (where g is the number of generations, and n is the population size)     

The design of a precompensator for multivariable adaptive control-anetwork-theoretic approach

A network-theoretic approach to the design of a dynamic precompensator C(s) for a multiinput, multioutput plant T(s) is considered. The design is based on the relative degree of each element of T(s). Specifically, an efficient algorithm is presented for determining whether a given plant T(s) has a diagonal precompensator C( s) such that, for almost all cases, T(s)C (s) has a diagonal interactor. The algorithm also finds any optimal precompensator, in the sense that the total relative degree is minimal. The algorithm can be easily modified to work even when a T(s) represented by a nonsquare matrix is given     

A VLSI constant geometry architecture for the fast Hartley andFourier transforms

An application-specific architecture for the parallel calculation of the decimation in time and radix 2 fast Hartley (FHT) and Fourier (FFT) transforms is presented. A real sequence with N=2ⁿ data items is considered as input. The system calculates the FHT and the FFT in n and n+1 stages. respectively. The modular and regular parallel architecture is based on a constant geometry algorithm using butterflies of four data items and the perfect unshuffle permutation. With this permutation, the mapping of the algorithm in VLSI technology is simplified and the communications among processors are minimized. Organization of the processor memory based on first-in, first-out (FIFO) queues facilitates a systolic data flow and permits the implementation in a direct way of the complex data movements and address sequences of the transforms. This is accomplished by means of simple multiplexing operations, using hardwired control. The total calculation time is (Nlog₂N)/4Q cycles for the FHT and N(1+log₂N)/4Q cycles for the FFT, where Q is the number of processors ( Q= 2^q, Q⩽N/4)     

Out-of-roundness problem revisited

The properties and computation of the minimum radial separation (MRS) standard for out-of-roundness are discussed. Another standard out-of-roundness measurement called the minimum area difference (MAD) center is introduced. Although the two centers have different characteristics, the approach to finding both centers shares many commonalities. An O(n log n+k) time algorithm which is used to compute the MRS center is presented. It also computes the MAD center of a simple polygon G, where n is the number of vertices of G, and k is the number of intersection points of the medial axis and the farthest-neighbor Voronoi diagram of G. The relationship between MRS and MAD is discussed     

Optimal distributed t-resilient election in completenetworks

The problem of distributed leader election in an asynchronous complete network, in the presence of faults that occurred prior to the execution of the election algorithm, is discussed. Failures of this type are encountered, for example, during a recovery from a crash in the network. For a network with n processors, k of which start the algorithm that uses at most O(n log k +n+kt) messages is presented and shown to be optimal. An optimal algorithm for the case where the identities of the neighbors are known is also presented. It is noted that the order of the message complexity of a t-resilient algorithm is not always higher than that of a nonresilient one. The t-resilient algorithm is a systematic modification of an existing algorithm for a fault-free network     

Solutions of the equation AV+BW=VF andtheir application to eigenstructure assignment in linear systems

Two new simple, complete, analytical, and restriction-free solutions with complete and explicit freedom of the matrix equation AV+BW=VF are proposed. Here [AB] is known and is controllable, and F is in the Jordan form with arbitrary given eigenvalues. Based on the proposed solutions of this matrix equation, a complete parametric approach for eigenstructure assignment in linear systems via state feedback is proposed, and two new algorithms are presented. The proposed solutions of the matrix equation and the eigenstructure assignment result are generalizations of some previous results and are simpler and more effective     

Optimal flow control allocation policies in communication networkswith multiple message classes

Flow control is considered for M(⩾2) transmitting stations sending packets to a single receiver over a slotted time-multiplexed link. The optimal allocation problem is generalized to the case of nonidentical holding costs at the M transmitters. Qualitative properties of optimal discounted and time-average policies that reduce the computational complexity of the M-dimensional optimal flow control algorithm are derived. For M=2, a simple relationship between optimal allocations for states x and x +e_i (i=1,2) that leads to significant computational savings in the optimal algorithm is established     

Bounds on eigenvalues of matrix products with an application to thealgebraic Riccati equation

Lower and upper summation bounds for the eigenvalues of the product XY are presented, under various restrictions on matrices X, Y∈R^n×n. An application to the algebraic Riccati equation yields a trace lower bound. It is observed that these bounds are tighter than those in the literature     

Linear periodic systems: eigenvalue assignment using discreteperiodic feedback

The eigenvalue assignment problem of a T-periodic linear system using discrete periodic state feedback gains is discussed. For controllable systems, an explicit formula for the feedback law is given that can be used for the arbitrary assignment of the eigenvalues of Φ_c1(T,0), the closed-loop state transition matrix from 0 to T. For the special case of periodic systems controllable over one period, this control law can be used to obtain any desired Φ_c1(T,0)     

Parallel binary search

Two arrays of numbers sorted in nondecreasing order are given: an array A of size n and an array B of size m, where n<m. It is required to determine, for every element of A, the smallest element of B (if one exists) that is larger than or equal to it. It is shown how to solve this problem on the EREW PRAM (exclusive-read exclusive-write parallel random-access machine) in O(logm logn/log log m) time using n processors. The solution is then extended to the case in which fewer than n processors are available. This yields an EREW PRAM algorithm for the problem whose cost is O(n log m, which is O(m)) for n⩽m/log m. It is shown how the solution obtained leads to an improved parallel merging algorithm     

Matrix inequalities applicable to estimating solution sizes ofRiccati and Lyapunov equations

Simultaneous summation upper bounds for the eigenvalues of the matrix product XY are presented, where X, Y ϵ R^nxn, with Y symmetric and X arbitrary. These bounds are a generalization of tr (XY) bounds; the requirements on Y are relaxed, and the bound for tr (XY) is stronger than those shown in the literature     

Network communication in edge-colored graphs: gossiping

A mechanism for scheduling communications in a network in which individuals exchange information periodically according to a fixed schedule is presented. A proper k edge-coloring of the network is considered to be a schedule of allowed communications such that an edge of color i can be used only at times i modulo k. Within this communication scheduling mechanism, the information exchange problem known as gossiping is considered. It is proved that there is a proper k edge-coloring such that gossip can be completed in a path of n edges in a certain time for n⩾k⩾1. Gossip can not be completed in such a path any earlier under any proper k edge-coloring. In any tree of bounded degree Δ and diameter d, gossip can be completed under a proper Δ edge-coloring in time (Δ-1)d +1. In a k edge-colored cycle of n vertices, other time requirements of gossip are determined     

A Schur method for balanced-truncation model reduction

It is shown that a not-necessarily-balanced state-space realization of the Moore reduced model can be computed directly without balancing via projections defined in terms of arbitrary bases for the left and right eigenspaces associated with the large eigenvalues of the product PQ of the reachability and controllability Grammians. Two specific methods for computing these bases are proposed, one based on the ordered Schur decomposition of PQ and the other based on the Cholesky factors of P and Q. The algorithms perform reliably even for nonminimal models     

Efficient algorithms for list ranking and for solving graphproblems on the hypercube

A hypercube algorithm to solve the list ranking problem is presented. Let n be the length of the list, and let p be the number of processors of the hypercube. The algorithm described runs in time O(n/p) when n=Ω(p ^1+ε) for any constant ε>0, and in time O(n log n/p+log³ p) otherwise. This clearly attains a linear speedup when n=Ω(p ^1+ε). Efficient balancing and routing schemes had to be used to achieve the linear speedup. The authors use these techniques to obtain efficient hypercube algorithms for many basic graph problems such as tree expression evaluation, connected and biconnected components, ear decomposition, and st-numbering. These problems are also addressed in the restricted model of one-port communication     

Convolution on mesh connected multicomputers

An efficient parallel algorithm is presented for convolution on a mesh-connected computer with wraparound. The algorithm does not require a broadcast feature for data values, as assumed by previously proposed algorithms. As a result, the algorithm is applicable to both SIMD and MIMD meshes. For an N×N image and a M×M template, the previous algorithms take O (M²q) time on an N×N mesh-connected multicomputer (q is the number of bits in each entry of the convolution matrix). The algorithms have complexity O(M²r), where r=max {number of bits in an image entry, number of bits in a template entry}. In addition to not requiring a broadcast capability, these algorithms are faster for binary images