棉织物色泣现象成因及其消除

以萃取活性染料染色织物浮色的方式,探究活性染料染色棉织物的色泣牢度与浮色之间的关系。结合染色原理对活性染料染色棉织物经储存后色泣牢度下降的原因进行了分析,并尝试使用加强皂洗和固色处理的方式提高织物色泣牢度。结果表明,浮色是影响活性染料染色棉织物色泣牢度的重要因素,已上染的活性染料经一定时间储存后发生水解断键可能是导致色泣牢度下降的重要因素。增加1~2次皂洗可以提高色泣牢度,固色剂JAL-01和固色剂JAL-02均可以显著提高棉织物活性染料染色的色泣牢度,但其中固色剂JAL-01对织物的色光影响较大。     

活性染料深浓色染色织物湿摩擦牢度探讨

活性染料深浓色染色织物的湿摩擦牢度是困扰提高产品质量的难题之一。以棉织物为染色对象,分析了活性染料湿摩擦牢度的影响因素,并通过实验对活性染料染色加工工艺进行探讨,找出的最佳染色条件为：70℃时上染、固色,NaCl、Na2CO3用量为15 g/L。     

湿摩擦牢度提升剂ZQ-W对活性染料染色织物性能的影响

用湿摩擦牢度提升剂ZQ-W 处理活性染料染色棉织物,讨论了ZQ-W 处理对染色织物的干湿摩擦牢度、皂洗牢度、耐氯水牢度、耐水牢度、耐光牢度和耐汗渍牢度等色牢度的影响.结果发现,湿摩擦牢度提升剂ZQ-W 能显著提高活性染料染色织物的湿摩擦牢度,而对其他部分色牢度也有提高.     

湿摩擦牢度增进剂TF-239F

棉织物活性染料深浓色染色存在湿摩擦牢度差的问题。采用30 g/L自制湿摩擦牢度增进剂TF-239F,试验其对深浓色棉织物(斜纹机织、绒类、磨毛布)进行整理的效果。结果显示,织物用TF-239F处理后,干、湿摩擦牢度明显提高,尤其是磨毛布、绒类织物,其湿摩擦牢度能提高1.5级以上,而且对其他色牢度影响不大,织物手感也有所改善。     

解决棉织物活性染料染色湿摩擦牢度问题

活性染料染色存在染品湿摩擦牢度差的问题。文中分析了湿摩擦牢度的测试方法，对影响湿摩擦牢度的因素，包括染料的特性、浮色、水质、织物的组织结构和表面光洁度，以及后处理等进行了探讨，并根据长期生产实践，提出各工序的改进措施。     

1504湿摩擦提升剂在抓毛棉织物活性染料印花深浓色产品中的应用

针对抓毛棉织物活性染料印花深浓色产品的湿摩擦牢度差,通过对比1504湿摩擦提升剂在不同质量浓度和工艺条件下对抓毛棉织物活性染料印花深浓色产品的影响,结果显示:加入1504湿摩擦提升剂处理后的织物pH值降低,干湿摩擦牢度和耐风干牢度有所提高;加入1504湿摩擦提升剂对织物的耐浸水、耐汗酸牢度无影响;1504湿摩擦提升剂的最佳质量浓度为20 g/L。     

提高活性染料湿摩擦牢度的新探讨

论述活性染料的染色特点,分析影响湿摩擦牢度的因素:染料特性、染色深度、织物组织结构和表面光洁度、浮色和水质的影响等,提出改进活性染料湿摩擦牢度的方法和措施,如使用高效固色剂、增深剂、剥色剂,采用生物酶抛光整理,或溶胶-凝胶技术等.     

金属蛋白配合物在活性染料染色棉织物去浮色中的应用研究

针对活性染料染色棉织物传统去浮色工艺存在能耗大、色度污染严重、深浓色织物耐摩擦色牢度较差的问题,利用自制的金属蛋白配合物,联合双氧水体系去除活性染料染色棉织物上的浮色。通过单因素试验分别优化出活性元青B133和活性红3BSN染色棉织物采用该体系去浮色的工艺条件,并评价了效果。结果表明,去浮色新工艺对不同种类活性染料染色棉织物去浮色效果均较好,经50~70℃去浮色处理后,织物的色牢度良好,与传统皂洗去浮色工艺相比,织物湿摩擦色牢度可提高0.5级左右,色光相近,并可以减少脱落染料对织物的沾色,降低去浮色残液色度污染。     

活性染料深浓色染色棉织物的湿摩擦牢度增进剂

活性染料在染深浓色棉织物时，存在湿摩擦牢度差的问题。采用自制的水溶性聚氨酯，以其最佳工艺对深浓色棉织物（斜纹机织、绒类、磨毛布）进行整理。结果发现．用WPU处理后的织物，干、湿摩擦牢度明显提高，而且对其他的色牢度也影响不大，部分色牢度还有所提高。     

铜颗粒增效湿摩擦牢度提升剂的性能及其应用

为提高活性染料深色织物湿摩擦牢度,在丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯及十二烷基苯磺酸钠水溶液混合体系中制备了铜颗粒增效湿摩擦牢度提升剂。使用扫描电子显微镜对其形貌进行表征,测试其粒径,研究了其作为湿摩擦牢度提升剂对活性染料染色棉织物的最佳整理工艺及应用性能。结果表明：铜颗粒增效湿摩擦牢度提升剂的平均粒径为2472 nm,改性铜微粒在水溶液中呈石榴状聚集。浸轧法的最佳整理工艺为：湿摩擦牢度提升剂质量浓度20g／L,pH 值5～6,焙烘温度110 ～120 ℃,焙烘时间2 min。当活性染料用量分别为６％、８％（o.w.f）时,经铜颗粒增效湿摩擦牢度提升剂整理后活性染料染色棉织物的耐摩擦色牢度提高1～1.5 级。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Detection of adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum by capillary electrophoresis and polarized light microscopy

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) and polarized light microscopy (PLM) were utilized in the detection of the adulteration of locust bean gum with guar gum. For CE analyses, standards of locust bean and guar gums were extracted with 30% CH₃CN, removing the residual proteins from the gum matrix. A 8.75 mM NaH₂PO₄-20.6 mM Na₂B₄O₇ buffer, pH 9, was used to separate these proteins and to identify marker proteins that were present in the guar gum. These markers did not co-migrate with components in the extracts of mechanically processed locust bean gum, and are used as indicators of adulteration. Using PLM with toluidine blue and iodine staining techniques, unadulterated locust bean gum samples were distinguished from mixed samples through the differential staining of components in locust bean versus guar and tara gums. These experiments in the use of CE and PLM provide orthogonal and complementary methods for the verification of 'true' positives and the elimination of 'false' positives.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.