水口升船机保安技术综述

水口水电站2×500t级湿运全平衡钢丝绳卷扬提升式垂直升船机(简称水口升船机)投运至今已安全运行7a.7a的安全运行证明水口升船机采取的各项保安技术是可靠、适用的.重点介绍水口升船机在设计、安装、调试、运行各阶段经多次完善后的各项保安技术,可供后续大型钢丝绳卷扬提升式垂直升船机建设参考和借鉴.     

浅析水口水电站坝下水位下切对升船机运行的影响

水口水电站2×500 t级垂直升船机自2005年4月8日开始对外试通航以来,已经安全运行8年。随着水口水电站坝下水位下切,从设计1台机组发电时出库流量可以满足通航发展到现在需要水电站全部7台机组满发时的出库流量才勉强达到通航水位。该文分析由此带来的对升船机运行不利影响以及应对措施,供国内升船机建设参考,以避免此类问题的重复发生。     

世界首座全平衡钢丝卷扬垂直升船机在闽江水口电站投入试通航

列为“九五”国家重大技术装备研制项目的世界第一座全平衡钢丝卷扬垂直升船机—闽江水口水电站 2× 5 0 0t级垂直升船机工程 ,2 0 0 5年 4月 17日建成并投入试通航。这标志着我国大型垂直升船机的建设达到了国际水平。该升船机的投入使用 ,在闽江中上游黄金水道上开辟了一条新的快速过坝通道 ,不仅提高了水口水电站过坝建筑物的通航能力 ,很大程度上缓解了闽江通航压力 ,而且将为世界最大的三峡垂直升船机建设提供宝贵的实践经验和技术依据。世界首座全平衡钢丝卷扬垂直升船机在闽江水口电站投入试通航     

思林水电站通航建筑物布置

思林水电站过航建筑物为500t级垂直升船机,是目前贵州省境内第一个在建的大型过坝通航建筑物。本文介绍了思林水电站通航建筑物布置,包括建筑物型式选择、参数选取和结构布置。     

岩滩1×250t垂直升船机运行情况分析探讨

简要介绍岩滩1×250t级垂直升船机总体情况和运行特点,以及近几年通航过程中影响运行的经常性问题,重点对升船机运行中发现的不足之处进行探讨分析,并提出解决建议。     

百色水利枢纽通航建筑物布置及两级垂直升船机结构设计

百色水利枢纽通航建筑物为带中间渠道的两级垂直升船机，第1级提升高度为25m，第2级为90m。采用钢丝绳卷扬机全平衡湿运垂直升船机，其规模按通过2×300t一机驳顶船队或2×300t分节驳船队设计，承船厢有效尺寸为77．5m×10．2m×1．7m，通航等级为5级。两级垂直升船机结构型式基本机同，第1级升船机塔柱高44m，第2级升船机塔柱高为111m。第2级升船机塔柱由前后分离的两对承重筒体构成，上、下游筒体平面尺寸为40.95m×10m和34m×10m，壁厚80cm，经有限元计算和石膏模型试验验证，结果表明其刚度和强度均满足要求，升船机安全运行有保障。     

彭水水电站通航建筑物总体设计

彭水水电站通航建筑物布置在左岸,规模为500 t级,型式为单级船闸+钢丝绳卷扬全平衡式垂直升船机,该型式为国内首次采用.升船机的规模仅次于待建的三峡升船机和已建成的福建闽江水口水电站升船机.采用单级船闸+垂直升船机型式充分适应了枢纽处的地质、地形和上游水位条件,大大减少了开挖工程量.下水式垂直升船机由于提升力大、耗电高等原因,且减速器部分参数超过常规制造工艺仍需研究,仍采用钢丝绳卷扬全平衡式垂直升船机.     

隔河岩水利枢纽通航建筑物设计

清江隔河岩水利枢纽垂直升船机位于左岸,可通行300t级船舶,总提升高度124m,分两级布置。第一级位于拱坝重力墩的左侧,即27号坝段,提升高度42m;第二级位于赛鼓坪滩地上,提升高度82m。通航建筑物由上游引航道、第一级垂直升船机、中间渠道(包括通航渡槽)、第二级垂直升船机和下游引航道等五部分组成。另外在上、下游还设有     

盘锦入海液压式垂直升船机设计研究

盘锦市辽滨水城内外海通航建筑物采用中国首创的部分平衡液压式垂直升船机型式,也是国内第一台入海式升船机,其规模按通过35.0 m×7.4 m×2.41 m(长×宽×吃水深度)的游艇尺寸设计。升船机由对称分布在承船厢两侧的4×300 t液压油缸提供升降动力,在承船厢两侧均匀对称布置12组平衡重,承船厢加载水总重2 050 t,平衡重总重1 200 t。介绍了该升船机的基本工作原理和结构型式,重点阐述了各部件的设计方案及升船机运转、控制程序。相关经验可供我国同类型升船机的设计工作借鉴。     

长江三峡水利枢纽通航建筑物设计

长江是中国最大的通航河流,发展航运是兴建三峡工程主要综合效益之一.三峡通航建筑物由目前世界上设计总水头和阀门工作水头最高的双线五级大型船闸、世界上提升高度和提升重量最大的一线大型垂直升船机和施工期一线临时通航船闸3个工程组成.扼要介绍了三峡通航建筑物设计的主要技术难点,通航建筑物在枢纽中的布置,双线五级船闸的建筑物、机电设备及输水系统布置,闸首、闸室结构和高边坡设计,垂直升船机和临时船闸主要建筑物、金属结构、机电设备的布置,主要结构和设备的设计.     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

Serial discontinuities in a Rocky mountain river. I. Distribution and abundance of plecoptera

Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m^?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m^?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m^?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m^?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m^?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river.     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。