马氏体球墨铸铁腐蚀磨损特性研究

对马氏体球墨铸铁在不同pH值石英砂浆中的静载三体腐蚀磨损特性进行了试验研究,并与铬白口铸铁进行了对比。结果表明：无论在静栽三体磨料磨损或静载三体腐蚀磨损中,马氏体球置铸铁均优于低铬白口铸铁。适当提高含硅量,有利于提高腐蚀耐磨损性,而且在酸性砂浆中效果较明显。     

烧碱蒸发器列管的失效分析与对策

在生产烧碱过程中 ,设备及管道、阀门等腐蚀十分严重。虽然已经开发了系列耐高温浓烧碱腐蚀的铸铁材料[1、2 ],但仍难以满足烧碱蒸发设备的使用要求。某化工厂在烧碱生产过程中 ,曾多次发生烧碱蒸发器列管的破裂、泄漏和早期失效等事故。为此 ,有必要对烧碱蒸发设备的失效原因进行分析 ,以防止类似事故的发生。本文通过宏观检查、金相和扫描电镜等手段 ,对烧碱蒸发器列管的失效原因进行分析 ,提出一些合理化建议。　　 1　失效事例蒸发器是生产烧碱的重要设备。在生产过程中依靠高温蒸汽加热列管内流动的稀碱液 ,将其蒸发浓缩到所需的高浓度…     

应力与腐蚀因素对连接件腐蚀疲劳寿命交互作用的研究

在应力控制下分别研究了不同应力,预腐蚀时间对3．5％NaCl溶液中有涂层的LY12CZ铝合金铆接连接件的腐蚀疲劳性能影响的规律。试样结构是根据飞机蒙皮的真实结构设计制成的单剪切连接件,按实际工艺过程进行表面处理。试验结果表明,提高应力和延长预腐蚀时间均会缩短连接件的腐蚀疲劳寿命。应力与环境腐蚀因素对连接件的腐蚀疲劳寿命的影响作用不是简单的叠加关系,而是相互影响的,结果还表明,在无预腐蚀的条件下有涂层连接件在pH值为6的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀疲劳寿命比空气中的寿命要高,并且在高低应力范围内均有此现象,在30MPa下预腐蚀对连接件的疲劳寿命的影响作用比50MPa下预腐蚀对连接件疲劳寿命的作用要明显。     

35CrMo钢在酸性H_2S环境中的应力腐蚀行为与机理

通过模拟油田井下低浓度H2S的工作环境,采用电化学技术研究35CrMo钢在不同pH的H2S溶液中的腐蚀行为,通过慢应变速率拉伸试验和U形弯试样浸泡试验研究35CrMo在不同pH和温度条件下的H2S介质中的应力腐蚀开裂行为与机理。结果表明,35CrMo钢在酸性H2S环境下SCC敏感性较高,随着介质的pH降低,35CrMo钢的应力腐蚀敏感性增加,腐蚀速率加快。pH降低能够较大地促进35CrMo钢阴极过程的进行,导致腐蚀速率和充氢电流密度均相应增大,从而导致局部阳极溶解作用和氢脆作用增大。在温度为15~90℃,35CrMo钢应力腐蚀敏感性不同,35℃和90℃条件下的应力腐蚀敏感性大。在酸性H2S环境下35CrMo钢的应力腐蚀机制是以氢脆为主,阳极溶解为辅的协同机制。     

铸铁阀门耐腐蚀性能的分析

阐述了铸铁的腐蚀机理及特点，分析了铸铁与铸钢阀门在海水中的腐蚀速度，介绍了孕育铸铁加合金后抗腐蚀能力及镍铬铸铁工况运行情况。     

辽宁省机械工程学会1990年度优秀学术论文

079 冲击载荷高应力条件下高铭铸铁湿态腐蚀磨损特性的研究孙超英 080 V法造型用快干涂料的研究尚淑珍 081 对大型铸钢件阶梯式浇注系统分层出流和层流量控制的研究张思涛 082 过共晶铝一硅合金变质的试验研究刘旭磷 083 熔模铸造用砂粉粒度的优化级配对铸件表面质量的影响沈桂荣 084 高镍奥氏体铸件和铬镍不锈钢在烧碱中的腐蚀特性的研究刘希丽 085 负压实型铸造机床铸铁件的试验研究与应用刘南辉 086 渗硼区过度区实质的再认识高守义 087 结构钢断口遗传的消除汪瑞铭 088 30CrMSiA钢亚温淬火后组织形态的     

湿H_2S及Cl~-环境下FV520B不锈钢的应力腐蚀行为研究

采用慢应变速率拉伸试验研究了FV520B马氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢在湿H_2S、NaCl及湿H_2S+NaCl腐蚀环境下的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性,并讨论了介质浓度对应力腐蚀行为影响。结果表明:FV520B钢在湿H_2S+NaCl环境中的应力腐蚀敏感性最大,随H_2S浓度升高,FV520B钢抗拉强度和断后延伸率降低,应力腐蚀敏感性增大。FV520B钢在湿H_2S+NaCl腐蚀环境的恒位移加载应力腐蚀试验表明:湿H_2S+NaCl腐蚀介质能够显著降低FV520B钢的断裂韧性,随H_2S浓度升高,应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子KISCC减小;试样断口形貌分析表明,在湿H_2S+NaCl腐蚀介质中SCC试样断口呈准解理形貌,为氢脆型应力腐蚀开裂,Cl-具有一定的诱导促进作用。     

哈氏C-2000合金的耐腐蚀行为试验研究

试验研究了哈氏C一-2000合金的晶间腐蚀、点腐蚀和应力腐蚀敏感行为,探讨了环境因素、应力因素和固溶热处理等对哈氏C-2000合金应力腐蚀开裂（SCC）行为的影响。结果表明,哈氏C-2000合金有很好的耐室温酸性NaCl水溶液全面腐蚀和应力腐蚀的性能。然而由于Mo元素的偏析使得该合金在硫酸和硫酸铁混合溶液中具有较高的晶间腐蚀敏感性,焊接接头在该环境中存在较明显的热影响区选择性腐蚀。喷丸形变强化和固溶处理能够明显提高该合金基材与焊接接头的抗全面腐蚀和应力腐蚀性能。     

磨削表面残余应力电解腐蚀测定法的研究

通过对４５号钢退火试件的应力测定，着重介绍电解腐蚀法测定残余应力的原理，试验方法，并对测定中的某些问题进行分析研究。     

电偶腐蚀的微观机理及其对材料性能的影响

为探讨应力和电偶双重因素对2A12合金/45钢腐蚀行为的影响,利用专用的加载装置开展了外加应力作用下偶对2A12合金/45钢在3.5% NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为研究,利用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪等手段观察了试样腐蚀后的微观形貌特征,并采用拉伸试验研究了电偶腐蚀对2A12合金材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,无外加应力时2A12合金表面的宏观腐蚀形态基本为均匀腐蚀。随着外加应力的增大,点蚀面积增大的同时局部腐蚀向基体内部进一步发展。因此,外加应力是通过改变2A12合金表面的细观组织结构和腐蚀形态来加速偶对中阳极材料2A12合金表面腐蚀的,尤其是促进局部腐蚀加剧向基体内部发展。在此基础上,根据不同腐蚀周期内2A12合金的腐蚀特征和失重率,得到了腐蚀材料性能和寿命预测的数学模型。     

Erosion–corrosion performance of high-Cr cast iron alloys in flowing liquid–solid slurries

In many slurry transportation systems, such as in FGD (Flue Gas Desulphurization) and chemical processing applications, corrosion and erosion are the two main mechanisms of material degradation of the pump wet-end components including pump casing, impeller and liners. The performance of a selected material is mostly dependent upon its relative corrosion and erosion resistance to the service environment. In these cases erosion, corrosion and the related synergistic effects can be very complicated since they are affected by numerous factors including solid and slurry properties, chemical contents, hydraulic conditions and temperatures. In this experimental study, sliding Coriolis erosion testing has been performed with various corrosion factors such as pH value, chlorides content and temperature to evaluate the erosion–corrosion resistance of some high-alloyed white cast irons containing different levels of chromium and other elements. Optical microscope and SEM-EDS have also been used to examine microstructure and surface conditions of tested materials. Results indicated that material loss due to corrosion factors increased as acidity-chlorides and temperature increased. At relatively high corrosion intensity, the white cast irons with higher alloy content (especially chromium) clearly showed improved corrosion resistance and combined erosion–corrosion resistance over those with lower alloy content. Under certain corrosion and hydraulic conditions, particle size is perhaps the single most influential factor on erosion–corrosion rate of the high-Cr cast iron alloys. Relatively large particles are much more effective than small ones at removing both the corroded surface layer and the fresh material, causing substantially higher rate of material loss. Some other related factors have also been addressed.     

自然海水中低合金铸铁点蚀的化学-电化学溶解机理

根据自然海水中低合金铸铁试验结果,在蚀坑内受扩散和迁移控制的质量传输、化学溶解和电化学溶解的基础上,建立自然海水中铸铁点蚀的化学-电化学溶解模型,并推导出蚀坑内电压分布的方程式。此式表明,蚀坑内的电压取决于蚀坑内各类活性腐蚀因子的化学势梯度和相应粒子的电压降。试验结果表明,自然海水中铸铁表面钝化膜的诱发期的局部破坏与海生物的局部附着和生物粘膜下R（R=wCl-wOH-）值密切相关,在其蔓延生长过程中,蚀坑内外的电压降、蚀坑内活性粒子的活度和pH值密切相关。但自然海水中的卤素离子的存在和摩尔分数对铸铁点蚀影响最大。     

A study of sand slurry erosion of W-alloy white cast irons

This paper reports the results of a study into the effects of the composition, hardness and electrochemical properties of W-group cast irons on sand slurry-erosion resistance and wear mechanisms. The results indicate that the sand slurry-erosion resistance of the irons can be raised by increasing the content of tungsten, especially when the iron is alloyed with chromium. The relation between macrohardness and sand slurry-erosion is intricate. In the low hardness range, the sand slurry-erosion resistance is linearly increased with hardness, but this relationship does not exist in the high hardness range. The sand slurry-erosion resistance of cast iron can be considerably increased by increasing its corrosion resistance. Sand slurry-erosion is an abrasive wear process accompanied by corrosion and cavitation, all of which aggravate each other.     

Erosion–corrosion assessment of materials for use in the resources industry

The erosion–corrosion properties of a range of ferrous-based materials that are currently being used or have potential for use in the resources industry have been assessed using a slurry pot erosion–corrosion (SPEC) test rig that has the capability of establishing the separate components of erosion, corrosion and synergy.Testing was performed, at 30 °C, in an aqueous slurry containing 35 wt% AFS 50–70 silica sand and a 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. Erosive action was supplied through high-speed rotation of a rubber-lined impeller.Erosion–corrosion performance of materials evaluated was related to composition/microstructure and hardness. Test data correlated with available service experience.The results showed that the cast Cr white irons with (i) a structure that was essentially a duplex stainless steel containing a distribution of hard carbides and (ii) a near eutectic Cr white iron exhibited the highest erosion–corrosion resistance of the materials tested. The evaluation of the Cr white irons also highlighted the influence of Cr and C levels on the E–C properties of these materials.E–C assessment of selected carbon steels confirmed that the erosion-only rates and synergistic levels showed a general decline with increasing carbon content and hardness. As expected, a low C steel pipe product displayed very mediocre erosion–corrosion behaviour as a consequence of its very low intrinsic corrosion resistance and inferior wear properties. This reflected service experience, however, such products are still being used, due to the comparatively low initial cost.A TiC particle-reinforced AISI 316 stainless steel exhibited an almost 45% improvement in the E–C resistance, when compared with an AISI 316L stainless steel.     

Influence of abrasive hardness on the wear resistance of high chromium irons

The resistance to abrasive wear was determined for a series of alloyed white cast irons in a high stress abrasion test which utilizes a specimen in sliding contact with bonded abrasives. These were conducted on silicon carbide, alumina and two sizes of garnet abrasive.The results indicate that the hardness, or type, of abrasive used in the test significantly influenced the wear rate of white irons, i.e. the rate of wear increased with increasing hardness of the abrasive. Also, the results indicate that the type of abrasive used in the test was a significant factor in ranking white irons for resistance to high stress abrasion. When tested on silicon carbide or alumina abrasive, as-cast austenitic irons exhibited lower rates of wear than heat treated martensitic irons; when tested on garnet, an abrasive of lower hardness, those irons with martensitic matrix microstructures exhibited the same or less wear than irons with austenitic matrix microstructures. It was also evident that heat treated irons with martensitic matrix microstructures exhibited varying degrees of resistance to abrasive wear depending on cooling rates and alloy content.     

铸铁凝固期间电阻率的变化

作者们通过测量变压器式传感器中一次线圈内电流随时间的变化,研究了亚共晶白口铁、灰铸铁和稀土镁铸铁凝固期间电阻率的变化。发现,随着凝固行径和凝固过程中析出相的结晶构造不同,各种铸铁的电阻率变化特点也有很大差别。奥氏体和球状石墨的析出会造成试样电阻的降低或传播器一次线圈电流的升高,而莱氏体和片状石墨则引起相反的变化,在铸铁内所有的相和组成物中,石墨是决定电阻率变化的主要因素。作者们深信,本文所报导的实验结果有助于铸铁凝固机理的研究和生产过程的控制。     

Abrasive wear resistance of spheroidal vanadium carbide cast irons

The effect of the chemical composition and heat treatment on the microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of V-Mn, V-Ni-Cr, and V-Mo spheroidal vanadium carbide cast irons (18–23 vol %) has been studied. The wear resistance has been determined under conditions of wear by abrasives with various hardnesses, i.e., corundum and quartz and compared to that of high-chromium cast iron with 13% Cr. It has been found that the advisability of using high-vanadium cast irons is governed by the hardness of the abrasive. When a hard abrasive, i.e., corundum was used, V-Mo cast iron with the maximum concentration of spheroidal VC carbides, which were uniformly distributed in the martensitic matrix, had the highest wear resistance. When a soft abrasive, i.e., quartz, was applied, high-chromium cast iron with a hardness of 68 HRC, which contained the largest amount of M₇C₃ carbides, was more wear-resistant. In the course of isothermal exposure at 300–1000°C, V-Ni-Cr and V-Mo cast irons with an austenitic structure had high resistance to phase and structural transformations. However, the properties and microstructure of V-Mo cast irons with a martensitic matrix depended strongly on the temperature of exposure during heat treatment.     

铸铁球磁化处理后耐磨性能提高的机制探讨

对铸铁球磁化处理前后的组织、结构及电化学腐蚀等性能进行了观察与测试，并对其耐磨性提高的原因进行了研究。结果表明：磁化处理对铸铁球的显微组织和电化学腐蚀的电极电位Ec影响不大，但晶体的有序化程度有所提高；电化学腐蚀的电流密度明显下降。耐磨性的提高与晶体结构的改变以及电流密度的下降有关。     

Effect of bulk heat treatment and plasma surface hardening on the microstructure and erosion wear resistance of complex-alloyed cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides

The results of an investigation of the effect of bulk quenching from temperature in the range of 760–1050°C, cryogenic treatment (–196°C) and surface plasma hardening on the abrasive-erosion wear of frugally alloyed V–Cr–Mn–Ni cast irons with spheroidal vanadium carbides have been presented in this article. It has been found that cast irons containing 5.0–7.5% V, 4.5–9.0% Cr, and 5.5–5.7% (total) of Mn and Ni after heat treatment have a 2–3-fold advantage in wear resistance compared to the prototype high-vanadium cast iron (11.9% V, 12.9% Mn). The maximum wear resistance of cast irons studied is achieved by quenching at 760°C followed by plasma surface hardening, as well as quenching at 840°C, followed by cryogenic treatment. These treatments result in the formation of an optimum microstructure that consists of spheroidal vanadium carbides, eutectic carbides M₇C₃, and a martensite-austenite matrix reinforced by secondary carbides. The increase in quenching temperature leads to an increase in the amount of residual austenite and decrease in the erosive wear resistance of cast irons.