三相异步电动机调速方式

问：三相异步电动机调速方式有哪几种？答：从调速的本质来看，不同的调速方式无非是改变交流电动机的同步转速或不改变同步转2种。在生产机械中广泛使用不改变同步转速的调速方法有绕线式电动机的转子串电阻调速、斩波调速、串级调速以及应用电磁转差离合器、液力耦合器、油膜离合器等调速。改变同步转速的有改变定子极对数的多速电动机，改变定子电压、频率的变频调速有能无换向电动机调速等。     

智能电动机简介

智能电动机是利用三相电动机、电子开关和控制装置三者共同构成的利用滚动调速原理进行调速和改变电动机运行特性的调速电动机。其中“滚动调速”就是指把外加电源连续不断地“滚动地”换接于智能电动机定子绕组的3个输入端上，达到在原来形成的旋转磁场的转速上迭加上1个方向可正可负的滚动转速分量，依靠改变滚动调速位移角的大小、方向和它发生的频率来改变这个附加转速分量的大小或者方向，以实现调速的一种交、直流调速方法。     

变频调速在热电厂工业水系统的应用

引言变频调速技术是一门电力与电子相结合的新兴技术。它是通过改变电动机定子供电频率f来改变其同步转速, 从而实现交流电动机调速的一种方法。因为异步电动机转速为n=60f(1-S)/p = n1-△n 。故改变定子供电电源频率f就可改变电动机的同步转速n1和实际转速n,这就是变频调速的基本依据。变频调速技术最主要的应用就是节能方面的应用。对于电厂绝大多数负载风机、泵类来讲, 相当一部分需要调节流量,通常采用调节阀门、挡板开度的方法进行调节,这样只是减少了风机泵类的输出功率,而电动机输入功率并未减少,因此浪费了大量电能。如将电机转速…     

损耗极小的内置式永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制

为解决永磁同步电动机驱动系统在轻载运行时效率偏低的问题,给出了一种损耗极小的永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制方案。该策略通过分析电动机损耗与转速、转矩和定子磁链的关系,建立了考虑铁心损耗的永磁同步电动机模型,根据该模型推导出了使电机电气损耗极小的最优定子磁链表达式,将最优定子磁链计算模块嵌入直接转矩控制系统,从而实现了永磁同步电动机直接转矩控制调速系统的损耗极小。实验结果表明该控制方法不仅保持了传统直接转矩控制动态响应快的特点,而且能够提高电机在轻载运行时的效率。     

异步机调速原理及转速公式探讨

与直流机相同,异步机转速是由理想空载转速和转速降合成。同步转速与理想空载转速的运动属性不同,两者没有直接、必然的联系。传统电机学导出的异步机转速表达式仍然是定义式,不能视为公式,更不能作为指导交流调速的理论依据。高效率调速的关键在于:在主磁通恒定的条件下,控制定子或转子的感应电势(E1或E2)以改变理想空载转速。异步机可等效于直流并激电动机,调速的关键在于使主磁通不变,相当于将并激电动机改变为它激电动机。串级、内馈、双馈调速和调压变频调速同属于电磁功率控制原理,性能一致,区别是控制对象不同。转差率和效率是完全不同的两个概念,不能用转差率变化与否来评价调速性能。转差率应具体区分为电转差率和静差率,前者影响理想空载转速,后者影响转速降。     

永磁同步电动机无传感器技术的研究

介绍了一种永磁同步电动机转子位置的检测方法.利用磁链、电流、电压各空间矢量间的特定关系,根据检测到的定子电压和电流,估算出定子电流所产生的磁链幅值和相角,以及定子合成磁链的相角,从而估算出永磁同步电动机的转子角.据此设计了一个无传感器永磁同步电动机调速系统.最后对该控制系统进行了仿真,仿真结果表明,该检测方法简单可行,检测模型运行于电机10%额定转速以上时有较高的精度.     

电压暂降对变频调速永磁同步电机运行性能的影响研究

永磁同步电机(PMSM)作为可调速电机的一种,对电压暂降十分敏感,尤其当驱动过程对电机转速和转矩要求严格的时候。本文简要论述了变频调速永磁同步电机的基本原理,分析了电压暂降对变频调速永磁同步电机的影响机理,并利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建了仿真模型进行验证;制定了实验研究方案,选取3种品牌变频器作为PMSM的驱动设备,考察不同变频器驱动下电机转速和定子电流的变化情况。结果表明,电压暂降会造成变频调速永磁同步电机短时间内失去同步速,并使得定子电流经历类似转速变化的过程;不同变频器驱动对电机运行性能的影响差异十分明显,电机转速下降最大值可达30%额定转速以上,对电机运行的稳定性带来极大挑战。     

仪表用磁滞同步电动机的设计和制造

1　引　言磁滞同步电动机是一种交流电动机 ,转子是由磁滞材料制成的磁滞转子 ,定子上开槽 ,槽内根据需要可以分布不同形式的绕组。电机的旋转是靠定子旋转磁场的作用 ,使转子产生磁滞转矩 ,将电动机起动并牵入同步运行。与其它同步电动机相比 ,磁滞电动机具有良好的起动性能 ,一般 ,磁滞电动机的力能指标不高 ,它的起动电流与额定工作电流相差不多 ,在电源电压和负载发生波动时 ,仍能保证转速不变。磁滞同步电动机的结构简单 ,运行可靠 ,噪声很低 ,广泛用于起动性能好、转速保持不变的同步传动装置中。磁滞同步电动机主要应用在仪器仪表行…     

电压暂降对变频调速永磁同步电机运行性能的影响研究

永磁同步电机(PMSM)作为可调速电机的一种,对电压暂降十分敏感,尤其当驱动过程对电机转速和转矩要求严格的时候。本文简要论述了变频调速永磁同步电机的基本原理,分析了电压暂降对变频调速永磁同步电机的影响机理,并利用MATILAB/Simulink搭建了仿真模型进行验证;制定了实验研究方案,选取3种品牌变频器作为PMSM的驱动设备,考察不同变频器驱动下电机转速和定子电流的变化情况。结果表明,电压暂降会造成变频调速永磁同步电机短时间内失去同步速,并使得定子电流经历类似转速变化的过程;不同变频器驱动对电机运行性能的影响差异十分明显,电机转速下降最大值可达30%额定转速以上,对电机运行的稳定性带来极大挑战。     

基于定子电压空间矢量感应电动机的转速控制

为了简化控制算法,进一步提高感应电动机转速控制系统的性能,在空间矢量理论的基础上,揭示了定子电压矢量对电动机转子磁场和电磁转矩的控制作用,提出以转差角频率调控定子电压矢量,并通过三相定子电压的SVPWM实现,以形成对转子磁链和电磁转矩的控制,达到快速控制电动机转速的原理、方法和系统。该方法避免了坐标变换,算法简单。通过仿真和实验可看出,由此原理构建的电动机转速控制系统具有良好的起动性能、调速性能、抗负载扰动性能及对电动机电阻值变化较好的鲁棒性。     

Performance Evaluation of an Axial‐Type Magnetic‐Geared Motor

This paper first proposes an axial‐type magnetic‐geared motor that uses permanent magnets only in the high‐speed rotor. The operating principle of this motor is described and the torque–speed characteristics are computed by using three‐dimensional finite element method analysis. In order to increase the torque density, a novel axial‐type magnetic‐geared motor with permanent magnets on the high‐speed rotor and stator is also proposed. The torque–speed characteristics are compared to the original model with permanent magnets only on the high‐speed rotor. Finally, the computed torque–speed characteristics are verified against measurements on a prototype.     

Current Control Method of Achieving Wide‐Range Power Driving for Linear Synchronous Motor with Half‐Wave‐Rectified Self‐Excitation

In a previous paper, we proposed a novel linear synchronous motor with half‐wave‐rectified self‐excitation. A long‐stator‐type linear synchronous motor was built and its performance was verified by experiments. This paper presents a new current control method for the linear synchronous motor in order to achieve a wide range of speeds and high‐power operations. First, we propose a current control method for high‐thrust operation in the constant‐thrust region. This operation is realized by using the reluctance thrust resulting from the saliency of the linear synchronous motor. We also propose a control method that maximizes the ratio of the thrust to the voltage; this method can be used to expand the operating range. Wide‐range‐speed operation can be achieved by applying this new control method along with field‐weakening control. The thrust and operating characteristics of the proposed control methods are estimated by performing experiments and coupled electric and magnetic analysis.     

定子错位型混合励磁轴向磁通切换电机容错控制策略研究

定子错位型混合励磁轴向磁通切换(twisted-stator hybrid axial field flux-switching,TS-HAFFS)电机,具有轴向尺寸短、转矩密度大、调节范围宽、容错能力强等优点,适用于电动汽车驱动系统。为提高电驱动在系统故障状态下的运行性能,基于一台三相6/10极TS-HAFFS电机,提出一种基于恒定磁动势法的励磁绕组容错控制策略,并分别对电枢绕组容错策略和励磁绕组容错策略下TS-HAFFS电机控制系统进行仿真研究与实验验证。仿真与实验结果表明,单相绕组开路故障时2种方法均可维持电机转速、转矩基本不变,保证系统带故障运行的稳定性。相比于电枢绕组容错策略,采用励磁绕组容错控制的TS-HAFFS电机容错控制系统具有更广泛的应用场景和更好的系统性能,适用于电动汽车调速控制。     

行波接触型超声波电机特性与控制研究

行波接触型超声波电机的工作原理与电磁型电机的工作原理截然不同,本文对其控制系统各组成部分作了分析,给出了控制器输出波形;并对行波接触型超声波电机定、转子之间的摩擦传动进行了研究,提出了电机效率计算方法,对机械特性与效率曲线进行了计算,计算结果与实验测试结果相符合。     

Speed Control of a Brushless Static Kramer System

A new brushless speed control system is proposed which consists of a self-cascade induction motor and a brushless commutatorless motor. The slip power extracted from the stator terminals of the induction motor is converted to mechanical power by the commutatorless motor, which is coupled mechanically to the induction motor shaft. The field control method, the advance angle control method, and the dc chopper control method for speed variation are discussed. The experiments using a prototype self-cascade motor which has single-winding schemes both on the stator and rotor show that smooth peed variation can be achieved by dc chopper control. The proposed system offers the advantages of highly reliable, maintenance-free operation, and has less reactive power and smaller harmonic contents in supply lines than conventional systems.     

感应电动机自适应速度辨识及其在直接转矩控制系统中的应用

本文应用模型参考自适应方法对感应电动机的转速进行辨识,直接采用实际电机作为参考模型,可调模型为电机的全阶状态观测器,导出自适应律中只包含定子电流的误差项,因而不必计算转子磁链电压模型,并将转速辨识结果应用于直接转矩控制系统进行速度闭环控制。仿真结果证明了这种方法的有效性。     

Machine parameters and performance of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with different permanent magnet volume

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used for several industrial applications. Some applications such as electric vehicles and compressor drives require a constant power operation. The operating limits and the constant power speed range deeply depend on the machine parameters. The relationships between the motor parameters and the operating performance have been theoretically examined. This paper examines the performances of the prototype synchronous motors, where the stator structure and the rotor structure of all motors are the same. The permanent magnets are inserted into the rotor slits and the volume of the permanent magnet is adjusted to control the magnet‐flux linkage. The effects of adding the magnet to the rotor on the machine parameters and the operating performance are examined based on the various experimental results. The prototype motor has flexibility as to speed versus power performance by adjusting the volume of the permanent magnet. The theoretical results with respect to the operating limits and the motor parameters are also confirmed experimentally. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 131(4): 70–77, 2000     

单模态纵-弯复合直线电动机的机理与特性

提出了一种融合一阶纵振和四阶弯曲振动模式的单模态直线超声波电动机,介绍了电动机的结构和运行机理,利用有限元方法建立了电动机定子的机电耦合模型,仿真分析了电动机定子的振动特性,确定了电动机定子工作模态和工作频率;利用弹性杆的纵振动和悬臂梁的弯曲振动理论建立了电动机驱动足椭圆运动轨迹方程,分析了激励电压相位差对电动机椭圆轨迹的影响;利用粘弹性接触机理给出了电动机的机械特性输出曲线,分析了预压力、激励电压幅值和激励频率等对电动机输出特性的影响。通过数值和仿真分析得出:单模态直线超声波电动机的工作频率为39 860 Hz,在外加激励电压Up-p=100 V时,电动机最大输出推力和空载速度分别达到19.1 N和310 mm·s~(-1)。     

一种新型的磁链与速度观测器在异步电机直接转矩控制系统中的应用

文章将定子磁链观测器应和于直接转矩控制系统中,取代了传统的积分器。同时,依据磁链观测器的输出电流设计出一种新型的速度观测器。针对1．1kW异步电机,采用数字信号处理器DSP（TMS320C32）进行了数字化实现。仿真与实验表明,该方案对电机定子磁链的观测精度高,速度估计快速准确。     

MRAS-based sensorless control of a vector controlled five-phase induction motor drive

Multi-phase ac motor drives are nowadays considered for various applications, due to numerous advantages that they offer when compared to their three-phase counterparts. In principle, control methods for multi-phase machines are the same as for three-phase machines. Variable speed induction motor drives without mechanical speed sensors at the motor shaft have the attractions of low cost and high reliability. To replace the sensor, information of the rotor speed is extracted from measured stator currents and voltages at motor terminals. Vector controlled drives require estimating the magnitude and spatial orientation of the fundamental magnetic flux waves in the stator or in the rotor. Open-loop estimators and closed-loop observers are used for this purpose. They differ with respect to accuracy, robustness, and sensitivity against model parameter variations. This paper analyses operation of an open-loop and model reference adaptive system (MRAS)-based sensorless control of vector controlled five-phase induction machine with current control in the stationary reference frame. The MRAS-based sensorless operation of a three-phase induction machine is well established and the same principle is extended in this paper for an IRFOC five-phase induction machine. Performance, obtainable with hysteresis current control, is illustrated for a number of operating conditions on the basis of simulation results. Full decoupling of rotor flux control and torque control is realised. Dynamics, achievable with a five-phase vector controlled induction machine, are shown to be essentially identical to those obtainable with a three-phase induction machine. Experimental verification is also provided.