微米级石英空心小球表面TiO2薄膜的制备及其降解性能的研究

在粒径大小为57～74μm之间的石英空心小球表面成功的镀上一层TiO2薄膜.XRD显示600℃退火时TiO2薄膜结晶性能较好,退火700℃以上开始出现金红石相.镀TiO2薄膜石英空心小球较好的解决了TiO2纳米粉在溶液光降解中易出现的团聚问题.小球衬底的粒径较大,有利于解决TiO2粉状催化剂易出现的难以回收再利用的问题.利用对甲基橙的光降解试验来评估薄膜的催化降解性能,结果表明镀膜小球的光催化性能比TiO2纳米粉的光催化性能要好.     

Cu-30%Ag复合纳米粉的制备及其导电性能

用气-液两相稳定法在H2＋He混合气氛中制备了Cu-30%（质量分数）Ag复合纳米粉,并用制备的复合纳米粉作为导电相配制了导电浆料。用XRD、HRTEM、DSC-TG、红外光谱、化学分析、氧含量分析和电阻率测定等手段研究了粉体的相结构、表面组成、形貌、粒度、氧化特性和导电性。结果表明制备的复合纳米颗粒具有壳核结构,核为纳米Cu-30%（质量分数）Ag,壳为二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯分子层和氧化层双层结构,粉体的粒度分布为10～60nm。在空气中,包覆在复合纳米粒子表面的二乙二醇丁醚醋酸酯分子在200℃左右脱附。在温度低于200℃时,气-液两相稳定法制备的复合纳米粉的抗氧化能力比气相稳定法制备的复合纳米粉的抗氧化能力好。Cu-30%（质量分数）Ag复合纳米粉导电浆料在烧结温度200℃、保温时间50min、真空度为5Pa条件下可获得电阻率为（1.56～3.92）×10-4Ω.cm的导电膜。     

松油醇包覆Cu-Ag复合纳米粉的氧化特性

用气-液两相稳定法制备了Cu-Ag复合纳米粉。并用XRD、 HRTEM、 DSC-TG、 红外光谱、 化学分析和氧含量分析等手段研究了粉体的相结构、 表面组成、 形貌、 粒度分布和氧化特性。结果表明, Cu-Ag复合纳米颗粒具有壳核结构, 核为纳米Cu-Ag, 壳为厚度10nm左右的松油醇(C₁₀H₁₈O)分子层和氧化层双层结构, 粉体的粒度分布为20~150nm。在空气中, 220℃包覆在Cu-Ag复合纳米粒子表面的松油醇分子开始氧化, 进而导致Cu-Ag复合纳米粒子在340℃左右迅速氧化, 680℃左右Cu-Ag复合纳米粒子完全氧化。 温度低于220℃时, 气-液两相稳定法制备的Cu-Ag复合纳米粉的抗氧化能力比气相稳定法制备的Cu-Ag复合纳米粉的抗氧化能力好。      

Al3Ti/TiN复合纳米粉的制备及表征

采用氢等离子体-金属反应法(HPMR)在Ar∶H2∶N2=1.0∶1.0∶0.2的气氛下,制备Al3Ti/TiN复合纳米粉。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)、氢氧气体仪、ICP光谱仪和激光粒度仪研究粉末的形貌、组成及粒度分布,分析了纳米粉表面成分。发现纳米粉中主要成分为近球形的Al3Ti和立方体的TiN,平均粒度约为120 nm,Al3Ti和TiN颗粒分布均匀,两相颗粒间相互粘连。近球形的Al3Ti颗粒表面包覆非晶态的Al2O3层,形成核壳结构。TiN颗粒保持立方结构的惯态,纳米粉中含有少量的TiO2吸附的氧。钝化后的复合纳米粉体具有良好的稳定性。     

纳米铜粉与碳包覆铜纳米粉的分散性能比较

采用直流碳弧法制备平均粒径为25 nm的碳包覆铜纳米粉,应用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等分析手段对所制备的纳米颗粒物相、形貌等进行表征。采用超声波分散法对所制备的碳包覆铜纳米粉和市售的纳米铜粉进行分散,并通过分光光度法和沉降实验对两者的分散性能进行比较。结果表明:铜纳米颗粒具有很高的表面自由能,容易被氧化,在水性液相介质中分散时容易产生氢氧化铜絮状沉淀。碳包覆铜纳米颗粒表面有碳层的保护,且密度小、表面吸附性能好,分散性能明显优于铜纳米颗粒。     

超临界CO2射流空化法制备石墨烯及其在金属复合散热器上的应用研究

为了提高金属散热器的散热效率,利用自制超临界CO2射流空化装置制备高质量的石墨烯纳米粉,将该纳米粉制备成高散热性能的石墨烯复合涂料,并且用喷涂法制备了表面具有石墨烯复合散热涂层的金属复合散热器.结果 显示:利用超临界CO2射流空化法剥离制备的石墨烯纳米粉纯度高、片层大、层数少,具有良好的导热性能,使用该石墨烯纳米粉体制备的石墨烯复合材料涂层,在室温环境下能够将原金属散热器的温度降低16.13℃,使金属散热器的散热效率提高15.6％～21.6％.     

氧化锡纳米粉的制备与发光性质的研究

利用溶胶凝胶法制备了粒径3.0～8.8nm的氧化锡纳米粉,并通过掺杂稀土离子铈研究了氧缺陷引起的氧化锡纳米粉的发光性质,发现当引入了掺杂离子后可以大大增强其发光强度,并对其发光机理进行了讨论.     

SiC纳米粉表面研究

借助于TEM、IR和XPS分析;对新鲜的SiC纳米粉表面和不同存放时间及处理条件下的样品表面进行分析比较,发现新鲜的作品表面主要以物理吸附氧为主（78.25％）,化合态氧为辅（21.75％）,在空气中存放一个月后,O／Si比由新鲜样品表面的0.49上升至0.70表面发生氧化,继续存放一个月,O／Si比增至0．77;但表面氧化速度变缓,在潮湿空气中SiC纳米粉更易氧化．离子刻蚀分析表明,O主要分布在粉末表面．     

微波水热合成法制备TiO_2纳米管的晶型和形貌研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法合成TiO2纳米粉,并分别在500、600和700℃进行煅烧。并以此为前驱物,采用微波水热合成法制备TiO2纳米管。用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和场发射透射电镜(FETEM)分别对TiO2纳米粉和纳米管进行表征。结果显示,煅烧温度影响TiO2纳米粉晶粒尺寸,微波水热合成法对TiO2纳米管的晶型和结晶度的影响明显。同时研究TiO2纳米管的晶型和结晶度的变化机制,结果表明,以600和700℃煅烧的TiO2纳米粉为前驱物经微波水热合成法合成的TiO2纳米管中部分热力学亚稳态的锐钛矿向稳定态的金红石进行转变。     

添加同组分纳米粉对氧化锆复合陶瓷断裂韧性的影响

本研究采用溶胶凝胶法制备出钇稳定四方氧化锆(3Y-TZP)纳米粉,分析了粉体相组成随热处理温度的变化;并将该纳米粉和同组分微米粉冷等静压成型,1300℃烧结后得到纳微米复合ZrO2陶瓷.单边切口梁法测试了材料的断裂韧性,讨论了其与陶瓷断裂方式、粒径、物相组成及致密度的关系.结果表明,同组分纳米粉的添加,不影响材料的物相组成,但会导致材料断裂方式的改变以及粒径和致密度的变化,从而使复合陶瓷的断裂韧性随氧化锆纳米粉含量的增加先升后降.     

激光纹理化调控材料表面疏水性能研究进展

超疏水表面由于具有减阻、抗污、防水等独特性能,广泛应用于日常生活、军事、工业等场景,材料表面的微纳结构及化学成分对其超疏水性能有着重要影响。激光纹理化技术由于具有加工分辨率高、加工方式灵活、可加工材料多等优势,可用于制备疏水性能精确可控的表面微纳结构,在制造超疏水表面方面有着广阔的应用前景。首先,介绍了激光纹理化的作用机理,综述了常用的激光纹理化方式,如激光直接写入法、激光干涉图案化法及激光诱导周期性结构法等,并介绍了激光参数对微纳结构的影响。根据表面微纳结构的形貌、周期及尺寸特点对激光纹理化制备的表面分层微纳结构进行了总结归纳,包括覆盖随机纳米结构或激光诱导周期性结构的微沟槽、微网格、微柱及微峰,重点介绍了分层微纳结构的制备方式及微纳结构对疏水性的影响。总结了提高分层微纳结构表面疏水性的后处理方式,包括环境老化、表面化学改性及热处理等,并介绍了后处理方式调控疏水性的作用机理。最后,对采用激光纹理化技术制备超疏水表面的应用前景进行了展望。     

Cs2SnI6低指数晶面稳定性的第一性原理计算研究

Cs₂SnI₆是一种稳定且环保的卤化物钙钛矿材料, 在光伏和光电应用方面具有巨大潜力。虽然表面性质对于光电器件的制备至关重要, 但目前尚没有对该材料开展相关的理论研究。利用密度泛函理论计算结合SCAN+rVV10泛函, 本工作研究了Cs₂SnI₆的(001)、(011)和(111)表面以揭示其热力学稳定性。针对每个表面, 研究考虑了具有不同截断的模型, 包括两个沿(001)方向(分别为CsI₂和SnI₄终止的表面), 两个沿(011)方向(分别为I₄和Cs₂SnI₂ 终止的表面)和三个沿(111)方向(分别为非化学计量比的CsI₃、Sn和满足化学计量比的CsI₃终止的表面)。由于大多数表面模型是非化学计量比的, 它们的相对稳定性取决于实验制备条件, 因此需要考虑组成元素的化学势。通过确定允许的化学势区域, 研究分析了这些表面的热力学稳定性。结果表明, (001)和 (011)面的表面能会受到化学势的影响, 而满足化学计量比的CsI₃终止的(111)表面不受化学势影响, 是Cs₂SnI₆最稳定的表面。该结果说明, 近期实验普遍观察到的暴露(111)面的晶体是受热力学稳定性驱动形成的。     

One‐Step Assembly of a Biomimetic Biopolymer Coating for Particle Surface Engineering

Advances in material design and applications are highly dependent on the development of particle surface engineering strategies. However, few universal methods can functionalize particles of different compositions, sizes, shapes, and structures. The amyloid‐like lysozyme assembly‐mediated surface functionalization of inorganic, polymeric or metal micro/nanoparticles in a unique amyloid‐like phase‐transition buffer containing lysozyme are described. The rapid formation of a robust nanoscale phase‐transitioned lysozyme (PTL) coating on the particle surfaces presents strong interfacial binding to resist mechanical and chemical peeling under harsh conditions and versatile surface functional groups to support various sequential surface chemical derivatizations, such as radical living graft polymerization, the electroless deposition of metals, biomineralization, and the facile synthesis of Janus particles and metal/protein capsules. Being distinct from other methods, the preparation of this pure protein coating under biocompatible conditions (e.g., neutral pH and nontoxic reagents) provides a reliable opportunity to directly modify living cell surfaces without affecting their biological activity. The PTL coating arms yeasts with a functional shell to protect their adhered body against foreign enzymatic digestion. The PTL coating further supports the surface immobilization of living yeasts for heterogeneous microbial reactions and the sequential surface chemical derivatization of the cell surfaces, e.g., radical living graft polymerization.     

Surface adsorption and wetting properties of amorphous diamond-like carbon thin films for biomedical applications

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) thin films have unique properties for biological and medical applications due to their excellent bio-compatibility, chemical inertness, and superior mechanical properties. It is important to understand the surface properties of DLC thin films for these applications. In this work, we showed that after DLC deposition, NiTi surfaces became much smoother by choosing suitable deposition conditions. Adsorption and wetting properties of DLC films were studied. The adsorption properties of DLC films were unusual in that a hysteresis was found in the adsorption/desorption isotherms, which cannot be interpreted using the conventional theory of capillary condensation in pores. The model proposed in this work for this unusual hysteresis characteristic is that the hysteresis results from the non-wetting property of DLC surfaces in the nano-scale. The nano-sized droplets formed on the DLC surfaces may require significantly higher energy to evaporate than the formation energy. Argon plasma treatment resulted in a small decrease of the contact angles. After oxygen plasma treatment, the wetting contact angles reduced significantly due to the increase of carbon-oxygen sites on the surfaces, suggesting that the low concentration of carbon-oxygen sites on the surfaces of DLC films contributed to the adsorption hysteresis observed in this work.     

Flourishing Bioinspired Antifogging Materials with Superwettability: Progresses and Challenges

Antifogging (AF) structure materials found in nature have great potential for enabling novel and emerging products and technologies to facilitate the daily life of human societies, attracting enormous research interests owing to their potential applications in display devices, traffics, agricultural greenhouse, food packaging, solar products, and other fields. The outstanding performance of biological AF surfaces encourages the rapid development and wide application of new AF materials. In fact, AF properties are inextricably associated with their surface superwettability. Generally, the superwettability of AF materials depends on a combination of their surface geometrical structures and surface chemical compositions. To explore their general design principles, recent progresses in the investigation of bioinspired AF materials are summarized herein. Recent developments of the mechanism, fabrication, and applications of bioinspired AF materials with superwettability are also a focus. This includes information on constructing superwetting AF materials based on designing the topographical structure and regulating the surface chemical composition. Finally, the remaining challenges and promising breakthroughs in this field are also briefly discussed.     

刻蚀处理对钛表面形貌的影响

发展电化学刻蚀和化学刻蚀技术,对钛表面进行处理,并应用扫描电镜、X射线衍射方法对其表面进行表征,探讨电化学刻蚀钛表面形成微观结构的机理.结果表明,经刻蚀后钛表面形成了纳米级微观结构,提高了表面粗糙度,可增强生物材料涂层与钛基底的结合强度.     

Multidimensional surface patterning based on wavelength-controlled disulfide-diselenide dynamic photochemistry

Controlling surface properties in a spatiotemporal and reversible manner is highly attractive for novel functional surfaces, as it allows them to act in a much smarter way. Surface modification strategies based on photochemical metathesis reactions are seemed as promising solutions for such demands, due to their high spatiotemporal controllability and the perfect reversibility. In this paper, we demonstrate a powerful strategy to precisely manipulate the surface functions by the combination of wavelength-controlled disulfide-diselenide dynamic photochemistry and a 405 nm digital light processing (DLP) projector. We show that, by this method, the arrangement of chemical moieties on a disulfide surface can be exactly controlled, leading to complex patterned surfaces with multinary and grayscale molecular distributions. Moreover, owing to the wavelength-dependent reactivity of the -S-S- and -S-Se- groups, the surface functions can be selectively and dynamically adjusted by light with different colors (wavelength). Based on these unique features, the chemical moieties on every point of the surface can be exactly controlled and dynamically manipulated by our strategy, making the generated surfaces quite versatile and smart. We demonstrate the successful application of this method in high-level information encryption and transformation.     

碳纳米管

概述了碳纳米材料的发展及它们的性能和应用,同时介绍了一些比较成熟的制备纳米材料的技术。在此基础上分析了碳纳米管的形成过程和碳纳米管的微观结构,以及碳纳米管制备工艺对微观结构的影响。     

Polyphenol/FeIII Complex Coated Membranes Having Multifunctional Properties Prepared by a One‐Step Fast Assembly

The membrane filtration process has received much attention as one of the most promising water purification techniques. However, it still has several disadvantages, such as organic‐, oil‐, and biofouling, membrane contamination by microorganisms, and the difficulty in rejecting heavy metal ions, which are closely related to the membrane surface properties. Various approaches have been used to prepare membranes with antifouling, antimicrobial, or heavy metal ion removal properties on their surfaces. However, membranes with all these properties have not yet been reported. It might be possible to prepare membranes with such multifunctional properties by modifying the membrane surfaces with various organic and/or inorganic functional materials using multiple chemical/physical modification procedures, though the process should be very tedious, costly, and time consuming. Here, a multifunctional filtration membrane is prepared by a rapid one‐step assembly coating of tannic acid and iron ion (Fe^III) on a commercial poly(ether sulfone) membrane. The catechol‐ and gallol‐rich surfaces combine all of the desirable properties such as antifouling against proteins, oils, and microorganisms, as well as antimicrobial and heavy metal ion removal properties. This study provides a facile approach to prepare multifunctional filtration membranes that have potential applications in practical water purification.     

Applications of bio-inspired special wettable surfaces

In this review we focus on recent developments in applications of bio-inspired special wettable surfaces. We highlight surface materials that in recent years have shown to be the most promising in their respective fields for use in future applications. The selected topics are divided into three groups, applications of superhydrophobic surfaces, surfaces of patterned wettability and integrated multifunctional surfaces and devices. We will present how the bio-inspired wettability has been integrated into traditional materials or devices to improve their performances and to extend their practical applications by developing new functionalities.