溅射Ni—Cr—Al—Ti涂层高温氧化过程中组织变化对生成TiO …

观察了溅射Ｎｉ－９．７Ｃｒ－５．５Ａｌ－７Ｔｉ（质量分数）纳米晶涂 高温氧化过程中的组织变化,探讨了溅射涂层表面氧化膜以及涂层预氧化９０ｍｉｎ后磨去生成的氧经膜再重新氧化生成氧化膜中ＴｉＯ２的生长,认为溅射涂经过程中Ｎｉ３（ＡｌＴｉ）相的析出与ＴｉＯ２的生成长大有着密切关系,对两种不同民政部下Ｎｉ３（ＡｌＴｉ）相对ＴｉＯ２生长的影响机制进行了分析。     

钛的缝隙腐蚀行为研究

采用电化学测试技术，研究了工业纯钛和Ｔｉ－０．３％Ｍｏ－０．８％Ｎｉ合金在２５％ＮａＣｌ和ＨＣｌ沸腾溶液中的缝隙腐蚀行为。结果表明，由于合金元素Ｎｉ具有低的氢超电势，促进了阴极极化过程，从而提高了钝化能力，且缝内表面Ｎｉ的富集增强了膜的钝化稳定性，因此，Ｔｉ－０．３％Ｍｏ－０．８％Ｎｉ合金抗缝隙腐蚀性能优于工业纯钛。     

Ti－Al系金属间化合物的高温热腐蚀

研究了Ｔｉ３ＡＬ，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ及ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在９００℃及９５０℃空气中当表面有（０．９Ｎａ，０．１Ｋ）２ＳＯ４盐膜存在时的高温热腐蚀行为．结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ，ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在９００、９５０℃遭受严重的热腐蚀．合金表面均没有形成单一的Ａ１２Ｏ３保护层，而是形成外层为富ＴｉＯ２层，内层为ＴｉＯ２、Ａ１２Ｏ３或Ｎｂ２Ｏ５的混合氧化物层，在氧化膜／合金基体界面形成一些硫化物．合金的腐蚀以电化学机制进行．硫化物的形成也促进了电化学反应的阳极过程．向Ｔｉ３Ａｌ中添加Ｎｂ可以显著地改善其热腐蚀性能，这归因于Ｎｂ促进富Ａｌ氧化物内层的形成．ＴｉＡｌ的耐蚀性能优于Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金．     

Cr对TiAl金属间化合物抗循环氧化性能的影响

研究了Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ,Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ和Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ（％）合金在９００～１１００℃下的抗循环氧化性能。结果表明,ＴｉＡｌ在９００～１１００℃下形成ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物膜,抗循环氧化能力差。在９００℃时Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金尽管形成ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物膜,但是循环氧化１００次仍未见氧化膜剥落;而在１０００℃时由于粘附性好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜部分覆盖于表面,其抗氧化性能较ＴｉＡｌ的好。在１１００℃氧化时,Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金能形成连续Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,而表现出好的抗循环氧化性能。Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金在９００～１１００℃由于能形成保护性的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,而表现出好的抗循环氧化能力。因此,添加Ｃｒ可以促进ＴｉＡｌ表面粘附性好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的形成从而显著地提高ＴｉＡｌ的抗循环氧化能力。     

Cr对TiAl金属间化合物高温氧化性能的影响

研究了Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ，Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ和Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ（原子分数，％）合金在８００－１１００℃下的高温氧化性能。结果表明，Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－１０Ｃｒ合金在８００和９００℃形成的氧化膜具有与ＴｉＡｌ合金同样的分层结构，外层为ＴｉＯ２，内层为ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物，在内外氧化层中间有一富Ａｌ２Ｏ３４的中间层，但内氧化层中有大量Ｃｒ掺杂，其氧化增重比Ｔｉ－５０Ａｌ的大，而１００     

溅射Ni-8Cr-3.5Al纳米晶涂层的抗高温氧化行为

对Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ质量分数,％合金及其纳米晶涂层进行了１０００℃空气中高温氧化研究。结果表明：Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ纳米晶涂层的抗高温氧化性能优于Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ合金。这主要在于Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ纳变涂层表面生成了具有分层结构含一连续α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３内层的氧化膜,而Ｎｉ－８Ｃｒ－３．５Ａｌ合金则生成了由Ｃｒ２Ｏ３内氧化物组成的氧化膜。讨论了涂层氧化膜的生成过程。     

生产电解二氧化锰用钛合金阳极的抗钝化性能

研究了Ｔｉ－１．５Ｎｉ、Ｔｉ－０．５Ｆｅ、Ｔｉ－１．５Ｎｉ－０．５Ｃｕ、Ｔｉ－１．５Ｎｉ－０．５Ｆｅ－０．３Ｃｕ４种合金在９５℃，４０ｇ／Ｌ Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋８０ｇ／Ｌ ＭｎＳＯ４电解二氧化锰溶液中作阳极时的抗钝化性能。研究表明：以上４种合金都具有比ＴＡ２优异的抗钝化性能，ＴｉＮｉＦｅ的最为优异，在电流密度低于８０Ａ／ｍ＾２时，阳极表面不生成氧化膜，析出相Ｔｉ２Ｎｉ对提高抗钝化性起关键作用。ＴｉＮｉＦ     

Ti45Zr15Ni10Cu30大块非晶态合金的制备及热稳定性

直接用水冷快淬法成功制备直径２～５ｍｍ球状Ｔｉ４５Ｚｒ１５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ３０大块非晶态合金。Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）实验检验证明样品完全为非晶态。Ｔｉ４５Ｚｒ１５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ３０非晶合金于不同温度进行１０ｍｉｎ等温热处理,采用Ｘ射线衍射分析了Ｔｉ４５Ｚｒ１５Ｎｉ１０Ｃｕ３０非晶合金的晶化过程。     

低压预处理对TiAl抗氧化性的影响

对５种ＴｉＡｌ基合金进行了１０＾－３Ｐａ／１０４０℃／９ｈ／ＦＣ（炉冷）表面预处理。随后进行的９００℃静止空气中１００ｈ断续氧化实验表明,ＴｉＡｌ的抗氧化性不但没有提高,反而明显下降。抗氧化性下降的主要原因在于低压预处理过程中合金元素（尤其是铝元素）的选择性蒸发导致ＴｉＡｌ表面活化并形成Ｔｉ３Ａｌ相,而Ｔｉ３Ａｌ的抗氧化性较差,从而使ＴｉＡｌ整体氧化增重增加。     

涂层对Ti60合金高温氧化性能及力学性能的影响

研究了四种涂层对Ｔｉ６０合金高温氧化性能及热暴露后力学性能的影响。在７００－８００℃下,溅射纯Ａｌ,Ｔｉ－３６Ａｌ,Ｎｉ－１６Ｃｒ０２．５Ａｌ（均为质量分数,％）和反应溅射Ａｌ２Ｏ３涂层大大降低了Ｔｉ６０合金的氧化速率。综合考虑涂层的抗氧化性能及涂层基材的相容性,７００℃时,Ａｌ２Ｏ３涂层的效果较好;而８００℃时,ＴｉＡｌ支的效果较好,四种涂层不同程度地提高了Ｔｉ６０合金热暴露后（６００℃,１００     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。