Analysis of the electromagnetic scattering by thick gratings usinga combined FEM/MM solution

The problem of diffraction by a thick, conducting grating situated in an inhomogeneous dielectric slab is investigated using the generalized network formulation. This formulation combines the method of moments and the finite-element method, permitting the treatment of periodic elements of arbitrary cross section and inhomogeneous profiles. Solutions are presented for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarizations. Transmission gratings composed of rectangular conductors filled with dielectric materials of arbitrary profiles are studied     

AWE implementation for electromagnetic FEM analysis

Although full wave electromagnetic systems are large and cumbersome to solve, typically only a few parameters, such as input impedance, S parameters, and far field pattern, are needed by the designer or analyst. A reduced order modelling of these parameters is therefore an important consideration in minimising the CPU requirements. The asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) method is one approach to construct a reduced order model of the input impedance or other useful electromagnetic parameters. The authors demonstrate its application and validity when used in conjunction with the finite element method to simulate full wave electromagnetic problems     

Calculation and analysis of electromagnetic scattering by helicopter rotating blades

This paper describes an application of physical optics and the method of equivalent currents to the calculation of radar cross section (RCS) of a helicopter rotor. The problem is treated using a quasi-stationary approach. The calculation can be parameterized as a function of the locations of the radar transmitter and receiver in relation to the rotor center. Therefore, this offers the possibility of monostatic and bistatic simulations in the far field and near field. Blade geometry is taken into account using a triangular meshing generated by the I-DEAS meshing software. Digital applications are presented and the effects on the RCS spectrum of incidence, frequency, blade number, and the near field are analyzed.     

Non-uniform wavelets in electromagnetic scattering analysis

Non-uniform wavelets are constructed to benefit from both adaptively refined grids for modelling edge singularities and compression of moment matrices with wavelet bases. They are applied to the analysis of electromagnetic scattering problems     

Implementation of a forward-backward procedure for the fast analysis of electromagnetic radiation/scattering from two-dimensional large phased arrays

Forward-backward method (FBM) was successfully developed for the analysis of electromagnetic radiation/scattering from one-dimensional (1-D) phased array in an efficiency appealing fashion. The FBM applications to treat 2-D array problems are developed in this paper. Acceleration algorithm, performing better than the novel spectrum acceleration algorithm used for 1-D FBM computation, is also developed for this 2-D FBM so the unique advantages of high efficiency and O(N/sub tot/) computational complexity as in the 1-D problems can be retained where N/sub tot/ is the total number of array element. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate its validity.     

倾斜双垂尾L频段电磁散射特点分析

利用低散射载体,应用电磁仿真手段分析隐身飞机所采用的倾斜双垂尾的电磁散射特点。建立典型倾斜双垂尾模型,采用多层快速多极子算法（MLFMM）进行仿真计算,获得其方位角特性及雷达散射截面（RCS）量级。针对尾翼位置、倾斜角度、边缘后掠角等尾翼关键几何设计参数,建立变参数模型并进行多方案仿真。基于计算结果,分析参数敏感性,获得以上设计参数对RCS的影响规律及具体影响量级,为隐身性能约束下的尾翼设计提供参考。     

Numerical analysis of electromagnetic scattering by electricallylarge objects using spatial decomposition technique

Apparent computational difficulties with the direct integral equation and method of moments have prompted an alternative numerical solution procedure based on the spatial decomposition technique. Using rigorous electromagnetic equivalence, the spatial decomposition technique virtually divides an electrically large object into a multiplicity of subzones. It permits the maximum size of the method of moments system matrix that needs to be inverted to be strictly limited, regardless of the electrical size of the large scattering object being modeled. The requirement on the computer resources is O(N ), where N is the number of spatial subzones and each subzone is electrically small, spanning on the order of a few wavelengths. Numerical examples are reported along with comparative data and relative error estimation to expose the applicability and limitations of the spatial decomposition technique for the two-dimensional scattering study of electrically large conducting and dielectric objects     

介质体电磁散射的偶极子模型法研究

提出用偶极子模型法来分析介质体的电磁散射.该方法以矩量法和Schaubert-Wilton-Glisson(SWG)基函数为基础,把介质体剖分成一定数量的四面体元.在介质体内,把含有公共面的体元对等效成电偶极子;在介质体表面,把边界面及其对应的体元等效成电偶极子.当等效偶板子单元离观察点大于临界距离时,用偶极子模型法计算阻抗矩阵元素.偶极子模型法简单易操作,不仅能大幅度降低阻抗矩阵的计算时间,还简化了边界条件的处理.数值结果表明了该方法的高效性及与原方法几乎相同的计算精度.     

复杂目标电磁散射特性分析中的几何建模

利用积分方程方法进行复杂导体目标电磁散射特性分析必须综合考虑电磁问题的几何外形的共同建模，几何建模是电磁建模的基础，直接关系到电磁计算的精度与复杂度。建立复杂目标的几何外形需按照一定的原则对目标进行网络划分。本文针对复杂导体目标提出了几何建模和网格划分的原则，利用ANSYS的APDL语言建立了复杂目标的几何模型，以roof-top基函数和曲面RWG基函数为例，给出了符合电磁计算要求的几何数据。     

Parallel analysis of electromagnetic scattering from random rough surfaces

An efficient approach for simulation of random rough surface scattering is developed based on using a single integral equation formulation and a multilevel sparse-matrix canonical-grid method. Merits of the scheme are demonstrated using two wind-driven ocean surfaces, one which is very rough and the other large in size.     

Finite element analysis of electromagnetic scattering from a cavity

A finite element method (FEM) is implemented to compute the radar cross section of a two-dimensional (2D) cavity embedded in an infinite ground plane. The method is based on the variational formulation which uses the Fourier transform to couple the fields outside the cavity and those inside the cavity; hence, the scattering problem can be reduced to a bounded domain. The convergence of the discrete finite element problem is analyzed. Numerical results are presented and compared with those obtained by the standard finite element-Green function method and by the 2D integral equation method.     

Spectral domain analysis of electromagnetic wave scattering by an infinite plane metallic grating

A new method, based on the spectral domain analysis, is presented for solving the electromagnetic wave scattering by an infinite plane metallic grating. The key point of the present method is discretization of spectral formulation in terms of the sampling theorem. Two different polarizations, transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) excitations, are considered here. Accuracy of the present method is examined numerically by comparison with the rigorous Wiener-Hopf solutions which are applicable only to a special case. Since the end effect of a conducting strip is taken into account analytically, final results show enough convergence to evaluate the near fields as well as the far fields with small matrix calculations. Some numerical examples are shown mainly for surface current distributions to make clear the differences between the two different polarizations.     

A stochastically optimized adaptive procedure for the location of MAS auxiliary monopoles: the case of electromagnetic scattering by dielectric cylinders

A genetically optimized technique that fully automates the potentially laborious allocation of the auxiliary monopoles for the method of auxiliary sources (MAS) is presented for the problem of electromagnetic (EM) scattering by isotropic dielectric cylinders with various cross sections. The proposed technique uses as input information not only the geometry of the scatterer but also the exciting field and the material properties of the cylinders are implicitly taking part in the optimization procedure. The resulting auxiliary surfaces, where the simulating monopoles are situated, are appropriately adapted to the original boundary surface and the MAS modeling is greatly facilitated. In addition, certain considerations are taken into account in order to avoid undesirable numerical dependencies between the fictitious monopoles. Finally, the accuracy of the numerical method combined with overdetermined systems of equations is examined for isotropic cylinders of various geometries and dielectric characteristics.     

Approximations for electromagnetic scattering by homogeneousarbitrarily-shaped bodies

Two methods for computing the (asymptotic) electromagnetic scattering by arbitrarily-shaped targets are described: the Eikonal model, valid for objects whose overall size is much greater than the incident wavelength (based on a quantum partial-wave expansion in the scalar approximation); and the low-energy model, valid for objects whose overall size is comparable to the incident wavelength (based on a discretization of the scattering object). Their numerical results are compared to those of exact theories in the cases of perfect spheres and spheroids. Comparisons to experimental data for irregular objects (Eikonal model) and dielectric helices (low-energy model) are described, as well as theoretical predictions for rough scatterers     

A hybrid FEM/MOM technique for electromagnetic scattering andradiation from dielectric objects with attached wires

A hybrid formulation is presented, which combines the method of moments (MOM) with the edge-based vector finite element method (FEM) to solve electromagnetic radiation problems from structures consisting of an inhomogeneous dielectric body of arbitrary shape attached to one or more perfectly conducting bodies. While either method alone fails to model these structures efficiently, a combination of both finite element and moment methods provides an excellent way to solve these problems. The FEM is employed to handle the interior domain of inhomogeneous dielectric bodies and the method of moments is used to develop surface integrals that relate the field quantities on boundary surfaces with the equivalent surface currents. These integral equations are then coupled to the finite element equations through the continuity of the tangential magnetic fields across the hybrid boundaries     

介质散射的双线性高阶叠层基函数矩量法分析

提出了一种基于双线性思想的高阶基函数降低矩量法分析介质目标电磁散射问题时的未知量.论文给出了双线性高阶叠层基函数的构造过程, 并将其应用于介质的面积分方程分析中.数值算例比较了不同阶数时所需未知量以及计算精度, 表明该高阶叠层基函数在满足相同积分方程的计算精度时能比低阶基函数节省未知量.     

改进的IPO与FEM混合法分析复杂电大腔体电磁散射

对传统的迭代物理光学法(IPO)进行了改进,使之适合于分析具有非完纯导电边界的电磁问题,并与矢量有限元方法(FEM)相结合,对内壁涂敷介质的具有复杂终端结构的电大尺寸腔体的电磁散射特性进行分析.通过Fresnel反射系数,利用IPO方法处理腔体内壁比较平滑的介质涂敷区域,在结构复杂的终端区域,利用FEM进行分析.利用交界面上场强连续条件实现两个区域之间的电磁耦合.通过迭代,计算出腔体内部稳定的电磁场分布,进而获得整个腔体的散射特性.由于在介质涂敷附近区域避免了FEM处理过程,从而可以节省大量计算时间和内存消耗.     

Fast analysis of electromagnetic scattering of 3D dielectric bodies by use of the loose GMRES-FFT method

In this paper, electromagnetic wave scattering is analysed by the efficient Krylov subspace iterative fast Fourier transform (FFT) technique in terms of the electric field integral equation (EFIE) for a dielectric body of general shape, inhomogeneity and anisotropy. However, when the permittivity of the scatter becomes large, the convergence rate of Krylov subspace iterative methods slows down. The loose generalized minimum residual (LGMRES) method is therefore used to accelerate the iteration. As a result, good convergence improvement is achieved for high permttivity cases.     

Analysis of the electromagnetic scattering by perfectly conducting convex polygonal cylinders

An effective method for the analysis of the scattering by a perfectly conducting convex polygonal cross-section cylinder is presented. The effectiveness stems from the generalization of the Neumann series, factorising the right edge behavior of the electromagnetic field, thus leading to a quickly convergent method. The induced currents, the radar cross section (RCS) and the induced field ratio have been evaluated.     

带电粒子的Mie散射研究

利用电磁波散射理论研究了带电粒子的电磁波散射特性,给出了散射系数与电磁阻抗系数及表面电导率的关系,计算和对比了不同面电导率的粒子与中性粒子对电磁波散射系数和散射能量分布的差别.计算结果表明:面电荷使面电导率达到微西门子量级时,会有明显的影响随着面电导率的增加,散射系数发生较大变化,但当面电导率达到一定值时,散射系数趋于恒定;对尺度较大的粒子,带电后的散射系数减小,但沿不同方向的散射能量会重新分配,一些方向散射增强,另一些方向散射减小;尺度较小的粒子带电后,散射系数增大,但能量沿不同方向的重新分配不明显.