从石煤酸浸液中萃取分离钒钼

采用P204作为萃取剂富集分离石煤酸浸液中的钒和钼,考察了溶液pH值、反萃剂种类、反萃剂浓度、反萃相比对钒钼富集分离的影响.研究结果表明：经过Na2S2O3还原后的溶液,钒的萃取率可以达到84.1%,钼的萃取率可以达到81.1%;采用1.5 mol/L的硫酸溶液反萃负载钒和钼的有机相,钒的反萃率可以达到99%以上,钼不能被反萃;在O/A为（体积比）3∶1的条件下采用60 g/L的碳酸氢铵溶液可以将钼反萃,其反萃率为76.4%.采用不同的反萃剂,可以实现钒和钼的分离.     

硫酸体系镍盐溶液中锌的深度脱除

研究了采用P204从硫酸体系镍盐溶液中深度脱除锌的工艺条件,分别考察了溶液初始pH值、相比、萃取剂浓度、萃取剂皂化率对萃取结果的影响。在保证锌萃除率大于99.9%,萃余液锌浓度小于0.005g/L的前提下,提高镍的直收率。确定最佳工艺条件为:萃取相比O/A=1∶4,溶液初始pH=4.0～4.5,萃取剂浓度15%,皂化率70%。在最佳工艺条件下进行三级逆流离心萃取,锌萃除率大于99.9%,萃余液含锌小于0.005g/L,镍直收率大于98.00%。     

季铵盐N263萃取分离钨酸钠中的钒

采用溶剂萃取法从含钒钨酸钠溶液中选择性萃取分离V。考察了萃取体系组成、料液初始pH值、萃取相比、振荡时间、温度等因素对萃取效果的影响,并确定了萃取级数和反萃体系,考察了萃取剂循环使用效果。实验结果表明,采用组成(体积分数)为20%N263+40%仲辛醇+40%磺化煤油的有机相体系,对初始pH值为8.70、WO3浓度为66.21g/L、V2O5浓度为11.46g/L的料液进行萃取分离V,在相比O/A为1/2.5及室温条件下,经过6级逆流萃取,V2O5萃取率达到99.90%以上,WO3的共萃率仅8.00%左右,萃余液中V2O5浓度可降至10 mg/L以下;负载有机相用1.5mol/L NaCl+2mol/L NaOH溶液反萃,在相比O/A为3/1及室温条件下,V2O5单级反萃率可达95.24%,WO3单级反萃率为100%。萃取剂在循环使用过程中对钒钨的萃取效果基本不变。     

碱性体系下萃取钒的研究

研究了以季铵盐三辛基甲基氯化铵(MOTAC)为萃取剂在碱性体系条件下萃取钒的过程.考察了萃取剂浓度、有机相组成、pH值、震荡时间、相比等因素对萃取钒过程的影响.结果表明,在pH值为11.5左右条件下,有机相组成按质量比为15%MTOAC+3.5%仲辛醇+81.5%磺化煤油,相比为1∶1,震荡反应5 min,钒的单级萃取率达到90%以上;负载有机相用0.5 mol/L NaCl+1.0 mol/L NaOH溶液进行反萃,单级反萃率为95%以上.     

从铜铁锌酸性液中选择性萃取铜

采用Lix984萃取剂 ,对含铜铁锌酸性浸出液进行选择性萃取铜研究。结果表明 ,萃取剂浓度为 3%时 ,铜的萃取率可达到 99% ,且锌和铁共萃率低 ;萃取混合时间 >2min时 ,铜的萃取率达 96 % ,而铁和锌的萃取率 <5 % ;当相比 (O/A)为 1∶1时 ,铜的萃取效果最佳 ;随萃取值的增大 ,铜的萃取率升高 ,但为了避免萃取污物的大量产生 ,应控制萃取pH <2 .5。反萃试验结果表明 ,铜和铁的反萃率随着反萃剂浓度、反萃相比、反萃时间的增大而升高。     

O216萃取分离钒与铬的工艺研究

采用O216—3~#惰性溶剂为萃取剂溶液,以钠化焙烧钒铬渣浸出液为原料,研究了浸出液萃前pH值、萃取剂溶液浓度、萃取温度、萃取反应时间、相比等因素对钒铬的萃取分离的效果,测定最佳工艺下萃取剂溶液的饱和容量。得到的最佳工艺条件为:浸出液pH为1.8、体积浓度为40%、温度为30℃、萃取时间为5 min、相比为1∶1,钒的单级萃取率达98.79%、铬的单级萃取率达36.42%,分离系数为142.90;O216萃取剂溶液对于钒铬的饱和容量分别为:V_2O_5:41.46 g/L,Cr_2O_3:3.62 g/L。O216—3~#惰性溶剂为萃取剂溶液用于钒铬分离,具有良好的分离效果。     

钒渣无焙烧酸浸液萃取分离试验研究

系统研究了转炉钒渣无焙烧酸浸液中钒与铁的萃取分离情况。进行萃取-反萃单因素试验,分别考察萃取温度、初始p H值,萃取剂组成、萃取相比,萃取、反萃时间,反萃剂浓度、反萃相比等因素对萃取和反萃结果的影响。萃取试验结果表明:在常温(20℃),浸出液p H2.0,有机相组成20%P204+5%TBP+75%磺化煤油,相比(O/A)1∶1,震荡时间5 min条件下,钒的一级萃取率达到74.49%,铁的萃取率仅为1.92%,其他离子不进入有机相;该条件下进行四级错流萃取,钒的总萃取率可达97.89%。反萃试验结果表明:反萃时间4 min,反萃剂浓度200g/L,反萃相比(O/A)5∶1时,钒的反萃率达98.58%,有机相中的铁不进入反萃水相,提钒酸浸液得到净化。     

铜再生烟灰浸出液净化试验

铜再生灰浸出液中含有Cu、Zn、Fe、Cd等多种有价金属。采用“Lix984+磺化煤油”有机相从铜再生灰浸出液中萃取分离铜,并采用中和除铁法对萃余液中的铁沉淀分离。探究了萃取级数、萃取相比O/A、萃取剂浓度、水相初始pH、萃取时间对Cu²⁺与其它金属离子萃取分离的影响,以及溶液pH、反应温度、反应时间对萃铜余液除铁过程的影响。萃铜试验优化条件为：萃取级数2级、萃取相比3:4、萃取剂浓度15%、萃取时间2 min、萃取初始水相pH=1.5。除铁试验最佳参数为：中和终点pH=4.0、反应温度40℃、陈化时间1 h。在最佳条件下,Cu的萃取率为99.12%,与Zn、Cd、Fe的分离系数分别为1 317.9、1 178.7和651,实现Cu与其它金属的有效分离。萃铜余液除铁率达99.67%,除铁后液满足锌电解液对Fe浓度的要求。     

从含铜铁锌的酸性溶液中选择性萃取铜

用Lix984作萃取剂，从含铜铁梓的酸性浸出液中选择性萃取铜，结果表明，萃取剂浓度为3%，混合时间为2min，Vo：Va=1:1,pH=2.2时，萃取效果最好，铜萃取率大于96%，铁、锌共萃率低于5%，有机相中无萃取污物产生。反萃试验结果表明，用硫酸溶液反萃取，铜和铁的反萃率随着反萃取剂浓度、反萃相比，反率时间的增大而升高。     

硫酸体系中N_(235)萃钒的性能及其机制研究

研究了硫酸体系中质子化的叔胺类萃取剂N235对钒萃取性能的影响及萃取机制。实验过程中考察了萃取振荡时间、水相初始p H、萃取剂浓度、SO2-4浓度对钒萃取性能的影响。结果表明:在有机相组成为5%N235+5%仲辛醇+90%磺化煤油,相比(O/A)为1∶2的条件下,N235萃取钒的平衡时间为2 min;水相初始p H在2.5~4.0之间时,钒的萃取率随初始p H的增大略微下降;当初始p H为2.5时,钒的萃取率达到最大,为94.46%。SO2-4离子浓度对萃取率有一定的影响,萃取率随其浓度的增加而减小;萃取率随着N235初始浓度的增加而增大,浓度过大不利于萃取过程的进行。当水相p H为2.0~4.0时,水相中钒主要以H2V10O4-28,HV10O5-28等络合阴离子形式存在。采用饱和容量法和等摩尔系列法研究了N235对钒的萃取机制,当水相平衡p H值为2.0时,萃合物中钒与N235的摩尔比,即萃合比([V]/[N235])为2.5;平衡p H为4.0时,萃合比为2.0,并分别得到了相应的萃取方程。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)