微型整体式斯特林制冷机研制

介绍了我所独立开发研制的一种微型整体式斯特林制冷机的热力学设计过程及试验结果。这种制冷机结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻、成本低、使用方便，是军民两用市场上用途广泛的一种经济型机型。     

旋转整体式斯特林制冷机计算机辅助动力学设计

为缩短旋转整体式斯特林制冷机的研发周期、提高设计效率及降低开发成本,提出了一种基于计算机辅助设计的旋转整体式斯特林制冷机动力学设计方法。根据外形尺寸、输入功率及振动输出等已知参数,重点从旋转电机、轴承选型、飞轮设计及曲柄连杆机构强度校核4个方面采用计算机辅助设计方式进行动力学设计研究。通过三维设计软件Pro/E对制冷机组件建模后导入Adams虚拟样机进行动力学仿真分析,将仿真分析结果导入Ansys有限元软件进行制冷机组件强度校核。通过该方法设计出的制冷机实测制冷量为1.65 W@80 K/23℃,比目标值提高27%,振动输出为0.3N,比目标值降低25%。     

小型斯特林制冷机动力学设计及试验

介绍了小型斯特林制冷机动力学设计及试验情况。通过试验,验证了斯特林制冷机动力学设计的准确性,达到了制冷机的谐振,降低了功耗,工作稳定性和可靠性得到相应的提高。     

斯特林制冷机的热力性能

分析了文献中所存在的问题，并在文献的基础上研究了斯特林制冷机的热力性能。     

微型整体式斯特林制冷机系统的计算机仿真优化研究

从热动力学的角度,采用计算机辅助工程设计的方法对微型整体式斯特林制冷机进行整机系统的数值仿真,建立了系统计算机仿真模型,得到了不同行程配比下的内部流动状态,结果与实验得到的数据吻合得较好;从计算和实验两个角度分析了两者行程配比变化同整机性能之间的关系,为旋转式微型斯特林制冷机的几何结构设计提供了重要的参考依据.     

影响斯特林制冷机性能因素的理论分析

本文以3LY-0．8/194型制冷机为例,综合采用等温模型和绝热气缸模型,对影响斯特林制冷机性能的各因素进行了详细分析,具有实用的指导意义。图5表9参15。     

星载斯特林制冷机污染控制工艺研究

污染是影响星载斯特林制冷机寿命的关键因素。为提高制冷机可靠性,必须对污染进行控制。主要介绍了污染对制冷机性能的影响以及污染控制的工艺处理方法。     

微型斯特林制冷机发展综述

从电子技术和光电子技术发展背景出发,论述了微型斯特林制冷机的发展前景及其关键子系统(控制系统、驱动系统和回热器等)的发展情况;同时论述了高频微型斯特林制冷机发展的技术关键是回热器的孔径率很高或者是孔径很小(10～50μm),同时膜的振幅在10～100μm级,以减小高频下黏性损失有所增大的负效应。     

Split-type free-displacer Stirling refrigerator design using linear network analysis

A linear network analysis is developed for the system design of split-type free-displacer Stirling refrigerators. The dynamics models are derived to describe the input/output relation of each component by use of the governing equations in conjunction with linearization and approximation. By connecting the equivalent circuits of the components together, a linear network consisting of a fluid network and a displacer network is obtained. The fluid network accounts for the propagation of gas flow induced by the pressure wave; while the displacer network accounts for the displacer motion induced by the pressure force exerted on the displacer. Two transfer functions are further derived for the displacer motion and the gas pressure of the expansion space with respect to the piston motion. The system performance is then evaluated from the frequency response of the transfer functions by using the sinusoidal signal analysis. The performance prediction of a split-type free-displacer Stirling refrigerator using the linear network analysis is shown to be satisfactory.     

A model for exergy analysis and thermodynamic bounds of Stirling refrigerators

A thermodynamic model based on exergy flow through a Stirling Refrigerator is developed. Important irreversibilities of the refrigerator due to external heat transfer with the reservoirs, heat leak, flow and heat transfer in regenerator are included in the model. Expansion and compression efficiencies are introduced in the model to account for the losses in these processes. The effect of a control phase shift between the mass flow rate and pressure across regenerator on the performance of the refrigerator is presented. Analytical solutions representing important quantities in the design of Stirling refrigerators such as the load curve, cooling power and efficiency in terms of basic system input parameters are developed. Thermodynamic bounds for the performance of Stirling refrigerators are obtained. Results indicating a compromise between cooling power and efficiency that are dependent on the constraint of the system are presented and discussed.     

便携式斯特林深冷冰箱研制

研制了一种以斯特林低温制冷机为冷源,有效容积6L,工作温度范围-60℃～-160℃的深冷冰箱.小型斯特林制冷机采用直线电机驱动,电机与压缩机一体化设计,采用氦气制冷工质.斯特林制冷机的冷指置于冰箱内底端直接冷却.圆柱形箱体采用了内环为真空层、外环为硬质聚氨酯发泡层的复合绝热技术,设计了具有3层辐射屏的内盖和真空箱盖.该冰箱具有环境友好、热效率高、制冷温区宽、制冷量易控和体积小等特点,可以满足低温保存和实验等需求.输入功率170W时冰箱内温度低于-150℃,对应-100℃低温时的制冷量为7W.     

活塞式斯特林制冷机的优化关系

考虑等温过程的传热阻和活塞式斯特林制冷机的死容积影响，导出一类活塞式制冷机的优化关系。     

斯特林低温制冷机的研究与发展

介绍了近40年来斯特林循环低温制冷机从整体式到分置式结构、从旋转式压缩机到直线式驱动、从普通轴承到板弹簧柔性支承、从机械驱动排出器到气动控制等一系列变化和发展,叙述了中国低温斯特林制冷机从无到有、从仿制国外产品到自主创新、从单件研制到批量生产的历程,展示了中国近年取得的最新成就,指出建立和发展一支具有国际前沿水平的研究队伍和研究基地的重要性.在新世纪,为了满足中国空间和地面红外技术不断增长的需要,研制各种类型的高质量线性驱动压缩机、开发低温制冷机用的精密电子控制技术、批量生产长寿命的微型斯特林制冷机,是一项重要任务.     

Investigation on a Stirling refrigerator with thermal buffer tube driven by an oil-lubricated compressor

In this article, a special configuration of Stirling refrigerator for domestic refrigeration purpose is introduced. A thermal buffer tube is installed between the refrigerator cold-end and the expansion piston to improve the system reliability by moving the expansion piston from low temperature to ambient temperature. Furthermore, a commercial oil-lubricated dual-piston compressor is modified to drive the refrigerator, inside which an elastic membrane is used to transfer acoustic work and separate the working gas of the refrigerator from that of the compressor. Experimental investigations on the refrigerator are performed using helium as the working fluid and a cooling power of 200 W at −78 °C is achieved at 15 Hz working frequency and 2.5 MPa mean pressure. Meanwhile, a rough estimation of the refrigerator COP in terms of cooling power divided by input acoustic power gives the value of 0.64. It gives the possibility of building a low-cost, high efficiency domestic refrigerator.     

Design and performance of a room-temperature hybrid magnetic refrigerator combined with Stirling gas refrigeration effect

The experimental prototype described in this work is a hybrid refrigerator that combines the active magnetic refrigeration effect with the Stirling gas regenerative refrigeration effect. In this prototype, gadolinium sheets are packed in the regenerator matrix for both Stirling and active magnetic regenerative refrigeration. Experimental tests were carried out to measure the cooling performance of this hybrid prototype. The influence of the phase angle on the cooling performance was investigated, and a reasonable phase angle of 90° was determined to obtain optimal cooling performance. By combining the two refrigeration effects, a minimum cooling temperature without heat load of 3.5 °C was reached, which is lower than that of 6.5 °C for the pure Stirling refrigeration effect without the magnetic cooling effect. The results of this study show that the cooling performance is improved by 24% for the hybrid effects compared with that exploiting only the Stirling gas refrigeration effect.     

The thermodynamic characteristics of a Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler

A Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler (SPC), comprised of a Stirling cryocooler as the first stage and a pulse tube cryocooler as the second stage, features the ability of shifting cooling capacity between stages by adjusting the movement of the displacer in the first stage. Such an ability allows an SPC to accommodate itself to time-varying heat loads at different temperatures, which makes it a competitive candidate in space applications. However, due to the gas coupling, there exists a significant mutual effect between stages which endows an SPC with special thermodynamic characteristics and has a significant effect on the SPC’s capability of shifting cooling capacity between stages. With the phasor analysis and the thermodynamic analysis, this paper establishes an idealized model of an SPC. The model is then used to study the effect of the second stage on the first stage and reveal the condition that an SPC is able to shift cooling capacity between stages. Also, the model is compared with a Sage numerical model and the two models are consistent on the overall trend. Though it is unable to reflect reality precisely, the idealized model can interpret the mechanism and highlight some of the essential nature of an SPC, which will eventually benefit the appropriate design of an SPC.     

Modeling of integral-type Stirling refrigerator using system dynamics approachModélisation d''un réfrigérateur Stirling de type intégré à l''aide d''une approche par dynamique du système

A modeling of the integral-type Stirling refrigerator (ITSR) using a system dynamics approach is developed in the present study. The system dynamics models are derived to describe the input/output relation of each component of an ITSR. Connecting the equivalent circuits of the components together, we obtain a flow network diagram and derive a transfer function to represent system dynamics behavior of an ITSR. The performance analysis of an ITSR is then easily carried out by use of the transfer function with sinusoidal signal assumption. The performance calculation for a test refrigerator has shown that the analysis is accurate. An empirical correlation for a correction coefficient r in the expansion space was also derived for better results. The present study has demonstrated how a linear system theory or system dynamics approach can be applied to the design of an ITSR.     

利用数据采集系统研究斯特林发动机热效率

利用位移和压强传感器以及数据采集处理系统,获取斯特林发动机在实际工作过程中压强、体积以及温度等实时数据信息,绘制循环过程的压强-体积图,并由数据处理软件得出斯特林发动机每次循环对外做功的数值,对斯特林发动机实际工作过程的热效率进行了研究。结果表明,实际循环过程中的压强-体积图,并不像理想斯特林发动机工作过程是两条等温线和两条等体线的简单组合,而是一条过度比较平滑的封闭曲线。通过实验发现,斯特林发动机在有负载情况下循环周期小于空载情况下的循环周期,有负载时每个循环周期内系统对外做功相比空载提高17.6%,热效率比空载情况提高4.3%。