由转盘塔内连续相溶质浓度轴向分布 估算传质系数和轴向混合系数的研究

根据转盘萃取塔内连续相溶质浓度的轴向分布进行了参数估算.在估算中应用液滴尺寸分布,将带轴向混合的柱塞流模型应用于塔内连续相,将前混模型应用于分散相.参数估算结果表明:应用d_(32)所获得的连续相轴向混合系数E_c和传质系数k_c的估算值比应用液滴尺寸分布所得的E_c、k_c的估算值偏高;如果忽略液滴生成过程传质的影响,k_c的估算值略有增加,而E_c的估算值则明显偏高.     

由转盘塔内连续相溶质浓度轴向分布 估算传质系数和轴向混合系数的研究

根据转盘萃取塔内连续相溶质浓度的轴向分布进行了参数估算.在估算中应用液滴尺寸分布,将带轴向混合的柱塞流模型应用于塔内连续相,将前混模型应用于分散相.参数估算结果表明:应用d_(32)所获得的连续相轴向混合系数E_c和传质系数k_c的估算值比应用液滴尺寸分布所得的E_c、k_c的估算值偏高;如果忽略液滴生成过程传质的影响,k_c的估算值略有增加,而E_c的估算值则明显偏高.     

气体搅拌的萃取塔中轴向混合性质的研究

在内径为50mm的气体搅拌萃取塔中，研究了空气－水－煤油系统的轴向混合特征，实验以水为连续相，煤油为分散相，以空气为搅拌动力源，采用脉冲应答技术，分别测定了连续相和分散相的轴向扩散系数，并讨论了连续相流速，分散相流速，气相流速对在塔内装入静态混合器时对塔内轴向混合性质的影响。     

气体搅拌的萃取塔中轴向混合性质的研究

在内径为50mm的气体搅拌萃取塔中，研究了空气－水－煤油系统的轴向混合特征。实验以水为连续相，煤油为分散相，以空气为搅拌动力源，采用脉冲应答技术，分别测定了连续相和分散相的轴向扩散系数，并讨论了连续相流速、分散相流速、气相流速及在塔内装入静态混合器时对塔内轴向混合性质的影响，得到了在操作范围内的经验关联式。     

带有丝网凝聚的改进型转盘塔

<正> 一种改进型转盘塔(MRDC)已装置试验。该装置是将金属丝网环简单地插入转盘萃取塔(RDC)的隔室中,金属丝网能增进分散相液滴频繁的凝聚和表面更新。流体力学的研究结果表明转盘转速只有高于一定的值数,MRDC才与RDC不同,发挥其独特的性能,如较多的滞留量、较大的平均液滴直径、较小的特征速度和较高的通量。应用返流模型处理轴向混和数据得到MRDC中的连续相和分散相的返流比仅分别为RDC中的50％和85％。与RDC相比,     

50mm折流板脉冲萃取柱吹气法测量存留分数

在柱径为50mm的折流板脉冲萃取柱中,首先利用吹气法研究了硝酸水溶液和30%TRPO煤油水溶液体系的单相流时均摩擦压降Δpf特性.实验结果表明当A′ω≠0,且uc=0时,Δpf可以忽略;而当A′ω=0时,Δpf与uc满足Noh模型的线性关系.在Noh模型的基础上,给出了计算A′ω≠0时单相流时均摩擦压降的模型,实验结果与模型预测相一致.在单相流摩擦压降的基础上,又研究了连续相分别为硝酸溶液和30%TRPO煤油溶液体系的两相流时均摩擦压降Δpf特征.实验结果表明:两相流时均摩擦压降Δpf可用于计算分散相存留分数,其近似由连续相所对应的Noh单相流模型求得,并可用于折流板脉冲萃取柱分散相存留分数的确定.     

Determination of holdup by air purge in φ50 mm discs and doughnuts pulsed extraction column

在柱径为50 mm的折流板脉冲萃取柱中,首先利用吹气法研究了硝酸水溶液和30％TRPO-煤油水溶液体系的单相流时均摩擦压降Δp_f特性.实验结果表明当A′ω≠0,且u_c＝0时,Δp_f可以忽略;而当Aω＝0时,Δp_f与u_c满足Noh模型的线性关系.在Noh模型的基础上,给出了计算Aω≠0时单相流时均摩擦压降的模型,实验结果与模型预测相一致.在单相流摩擦压降的基础上,又研究了连续相分别为硝酸溶液和30％TRPO-煤油溶液体系的两相流时均摩擦压降Δp_f特征.实验结果表明：两相流时均摩擦压降Δp_f可用于计算分散相存留分数,其近似由连续相所对应的Noh单相流模型求得,并可用于折流板脉冲萃取柱分散相存留分数的确定.     

φ50 mm折流板脉冲萃取柱吹气法测量存留分数

在柱径为50 mm的折流板脉冲萃取柱中,首先利用吹气法研究了硝酸水溶液和30％TRPO-煤油水溶液体系的单相流时均摩擦压降Δp_f特性.实验结果表明当A′ω≠0,且u_c＝0时,Δp_f可以忽略;而当Aω＝0时,Δp_f与u_c满足Noh模型的线性关系.在Noh模型的基础上,给出了计算Aω≠0时单相流时均摩擦压降的模型,实验结果与模型预测相一致.在单相流摩擦压降的基础上,又研究了连续相分别为硝酸溶液和30％TRPO-煤油溶液体系的两相流时均摩擦压降Δp_f特征.实验结果表明：两相流时均摩擦压降Δp_f可用于计算分散相存留分数,其近似由连续相所对应的Noh单相流模型求得,并可用于折流板脉冲萃取柱分散相存留分数的确定.     

转盘萃取塔的改进

引　言转盘塔 (ＲＤＣ)具有结构简单、通量大、造价低、操作维修方便等优点 ,得到广泛应用 .但ＲＤＣ靠平滑转盘在全塔上、下一致地对连续相(ｃ)和分散相 (ｄ)整体输入能量造成以下问题 .( 1 )转速ＮＲ 较高 ,导致ｃ相轴向混合严重、能耗大、转轴晃动厉害 ,塔内界面张力σ大的物系更是如此 ;( 2 )液滴平均直径ｄｐ、持液率轴向分布过宽 .即进口端液滴不能被最初几块转盘充分分散 ,ｄｐ 大上升快 ,小 ,较长一塔段 (约 0 .5ｍ左右 )不能发挥有效作用 .而液滴上升过程中会被转盘不断分散 ,以至出口端分散过度 ,ｄｐ 过小、偏大 ,易过早出…     

《分散—聚合》型脉冲萃取柱中分散相轴向混合的研究

在内径40mm的《分散-聚合》型脉冲萃取柱中,利用“扰动-响应”技术研究了30％TBP(煤油溶液)一0.5N HNO_3水溶液体系的分散相的轴向混合。30％TBP(煤油)为分散相,0.5N HNO_3水溶液为连续相。用实测的分散相停留时间分布曲线,依照扩散模型用时间域最小二乘法求取轴向混合系数。研究范围为:脉冲强度Af,0.9～3.75cm/s,连续相表观流速0.1～0.5cm/s,分散相表观流速0.28-0.84cm/s。结果表明,随着脉沖强度的增大,分散相轴向混合系数E_d通过一个最小值。分散相轴向混合系数E_d随两相流速增大而单调上升。     

Characterization of hydrodynamic parameters in a multistage column contactor

Accurate knowledge of hydrodynamic parameters is of major importance for the performance study of liquid-liquid column extractors. The effects of operating parameters on dispersed phase holdup profiles, drop size distributions, and axial mixing in both phases were investigated in a 127 mm diameter multistage contactor of pilot plant scale for the toluene-water physically equilibrated system. Correlations for the mean holdup, the mean drop size, and the continuous phase backmixing were obtained. A stronger dependence of holdup and drop size on the operating conditions and especially on the agitation speed was observed as compared to previous investigations for the same type of contactor. The axial mixing for the single phase flow was found to follow adequately an existing correlation, while the continuous-phase axial mixing in two-phase flows showed some deviations from other existing correlations. Also, flooding criteria, important for the control of the extraction process, were determined based on the shape of the holdup profiles.     

Axial mixing and scaleup of reciprocating plate columns

Axial mixing measurements in single phase (water) flow have been taken in open-type reciprocating plate columns of diameters 25.4 and 508 mm. In the case of the smaller column, two-phase axial mixing was measured, both in the dispersed phase (water dispersed in n-heptane) and the continuous phase (with n-heptane dispersed in water). Pulse injection of a tracer solution of ammonium chloride and methanol in water was used. Under single phase conditions, the axial dispersion coefficients were found to go through a minimum as the agitation level was increased from zero. The coefficients were nearly an order of magnitude higher in the 508 mm column than in the 25,4 mm column. In two phase flow in the 25,4 mm column, the continuous phase axial dispersion coefficients also went through a minimum as agitation was increased. The dispersed phase axial dispersion coefficients decreased monotonically as agitation was increased from zero. The results of this work and previous data are used in modelling the scale-up of reciprocating plate columns by means of Pratt's simplified technique. The existing empirical scale-up equation is consistent with an assumption that continuous phase mixing increased with column diameter but dispersed phase mixing remains unchanged.     

A model for liquid-liquid extraction column performance — The influence of drop size distribution on extraction efficiency

A precise model for predicting liquid-liquid extraction column efficiency based upon assumed hydrodynamic, axial mixing and mass transfer behaviour has been formulated and solved numerically. The complex nature of the dispersed phase can be better described by drop-size-dependent residence time distribution (RTD). Both the variation of axial velocities due to drops of different sizes, i.e. forward mixing, and the axial dispersion for the drops of the same size have been considered in this model. The computed results reveal that the effects of both varying velocities and dispersion of drops on extraction efficiency are appreciable and cannot be neglected, and the efficiency may be overestimated if only a forward mixing model is adopted. The comparison of the experimental values of N_ODP with those predicted shows that the mass transfer data obtained in RDC agree well with the values predicted by the present model for the case of solute transfer in c→d direction, and are slightly higher than the predicted ones for the transfer in d→c direction.     

规整填料塔中精馏过程的三维模拟(Ⅱ)模型的验证及液相分布和混合行为对精馏过程的影响

用简化三维混合池模型对Gorak所做精馏实验作了实例计算。模型的计算结果与Gorak实验数据符合良好,以简化三维混合池模型为工具,用数值计算的方法研究了规整填料塔中液体流动分布和混合对精馏过程的影响。结果表明：液相轴向返混对精馏有着显著的不利影响;当液体流动分布为严重壁流分布（严重沟流分布）时,必须用三维模型描述才不会产生较大偏差;横向混合系数的增大有利于填料塔分离效率的提高,但不能完全抵消液相严重不均匀分布对精馏过程的不利影响。     

Prediction of Axial Mixing for a Structured Packed Column Using a Two‐equation Model

A theoretical model based on the recently developed two‐equation method is proposed to predict the axial mixing behavior in a structured packed column. By solving the proposed model, the process of tracer injection experiments for determining the axial back‐mixing coefficient of structured packing can be simulated. Consequently, the axial Bodenstein number and dispersion coefficient under liquid single‐phase or gas‐liquid two‐phase flow conditions can be calculated. The validation of the proposed method is tested by simulating the two‐phase fluid flow behavior in Flexipac 2 structured packing. The simulated results are compared with the experimental data and satisfactory agreement is found between the simulation and the experiments.     

开孔转盘塔(RPDC)连续相流体轴向混合的研究

本文采用非理想脉冲示踪技术,借助于计算机数据采集系统,在无传质条件下对RPDC连续相流体的轴向混合进行了研究。用时间域最小二乘拟合法求取了轴向混合参数,分析了RPDC连续相轴向混合的机理,得到了描述连续相流体轴向混合的数学表达式。     

Prediction of axial mixing coefficients in rotating disc and asymmetric rotating disc extraction columns

The correlation of axial mixing in the continuous and dispersed phases of rotating disc and asymmetric rotating disc columns is presented. Published experimental results on continuous-phase axial mixing for both single- and two-phase flows, obtained with tracer injection methods and by solute concentration profiles, are considered. The correlation developed is based on 1055 data points for 32 liquid systems obtained by 19 different investigators. The axial mixing in rotating disc columns is found to be up to 20% larger than in asymmetric rotating disc columns. Data for the dispersed phase are harder to correlate than those for the continuous phase. Since the available results are often contradictory, the correlation for the dispersed-phase coefficient is thus less accurate than that for the continuousphase coefficient.     

Continuous phase axial mixing in rotary disk contactors

This paper presents a review of important investigations on axial mixing in the continuous phase in rotary disk contactors (RDC) and analyses the various literature data in terms of the flow number (D_R N/u_e) and a geometry factor G_f. A new model equation has been developed to represent continuous phase axial mixing in the RDC taking into account the factors affecting the recirculation flow within the compartment and the main flow through the compartment in terms of disk-Reynolds number and modified tube-Reynolds number respectively. A satisfactory expression for G_f has been obtained on the basis of the present proposed model and analysis of data of available literature and those of the present work, covering laboratory and industrial size columns of 10 different investigators varying from 3.5 cm to 218 cm dia involving 19 different column geometries. The following forms of generalized correlation for continuous phase axial mixing in RDC have been suggested.