基于X射线背散射分能域探测的物质识别方法

本文提出了一种新的物质分类识别方法,为探测金属刀具、爆炸装置和毒品等违禁品提供新思路。该方法采用分能域的X射线背散射探测成像方法,通过分析被测物质在高低两种能量下的背散射信号来获得被测物质的等效原子序数信息;经过蒙特卡罗仿真与实验验证确定了物质分类识别曲线,并仿照双能透视物质分类着色方法对背散射扫描图像中不同等效原子区间的物质进行着色。研究发现该方法受光子计数量影响较大,通过提升探测器信噪比可以增强背散射扫描系统的物质识别能力。     

基于γ射线的阵列式康普顿背散射二维测量控制系统

基于γ射线阵列式康普顿背散射探测系统的特点,设计了相应的二维测量控制系统,完成对测量对象某一断面的自动测量。系统基于VC开发设计了相应模块,包括了步进电机控制模块、数据采集与通讯模块和信息显示与保存等模块,实现了探测位置的准确定位控制,并对背散射数据进行自动采集传输、显示及保存,系统控制界面友好,显示丰富。实验测试表明系统设计合理可靠,较好满足了阵列式康普顿背散射检测系统要求。     

241Am背散射测厚仪的蒙特卡罗模拟

背散射测厚仪是利用射线打到被测物体上，通过探测背散射的计数率得到被测物体厚度的设备。由于背散射计数与被测物厚度之间不是完全的线性关系，所以简单的数值方法只能用于局部处理，无法得到计数随厚度变化的整个曲线。利用蒙特卡罗方法计算，一方面为检测结果的正确性提供理论验证，另一方面为设备的调试提供很好的数据。     

阵列康普顿背散射成像系统设计的蒙特卡罗仿真研究

阵列康普顿背散射技术中存在探测到的射线强度低和不同测量单元间散射线干扰等问题.针对这些,进行MCNP仿真实验,分析各种因素对不同测量单元散射线干扰及探测到射线强度的影响趋势和影响程度,为实际系统的设计提供参考.     

0.96-2.74MeV质子在铝上的160°散射截面测量

采用薄靶对能量0.962.74MeV质子在纯度为99.99%铝上的160非卢瑟福弹性背散射截面进行了测量。质子束由21.7MV串列加速器提供,测量仪器采用金硅面垒探测能谱仪。实验中最低能区进入卢瑟福弹性散射能区,测量结果用图表形式给出,并与以前发表的结果进行了比较。所测量数据可供从事背散射分析技术的有关人员参考。     

卷积反投影法重建康普顿背散射图像过程中的数据修正

CBS机是近几年才兴起的无损探测技术。它与CT技术不同之处是传统CT技术是利用射线穿过人体时,各个部位对射线吸收的衰减量的积分来重建图像,而CBS机是利用入射射线在人体各个部位中的某点产生背散射(散射角α大于90°)的光子数来重建图像。重点分析了利用经典的卷积反投影算法重建康普顿背散射扫描图像过程中的数据修正问题。     

中子多重性计数器探测效率空间分布研究

针对基于3He的中子多重性计数器探测效率的空间分布情况,本文在中国原子能科学研究院研制的中子多重性计数器装置上,实验研究了不同位置处的探测效率,通过对探测效率实验数据在空腔内轴向和径向变化趋势的分析,提出了采用多元方差分析与最小二乘拟合的方法,建立中子多重性计数器的探测效率空间分布的数学表达式,并研究了采用实验测量点对探测效率进行标定的方法。同时,将本文提出的确定探测效率空间分布的方法拓展应用于AWCC装置的研究。另外,还对探测效率的空间分布情况进行了理论分析,解释了探测效率在径向的边缘效应。     

推扫型背散射成像系统图像质量优化

推扫型背散射成像技术是一种成像布局灵活、对有机物敏感的新型成像技术。在以较高速度进行成像的情况下,其探测效率和图像对比度受到一定限制。本文基于自主研发的推扫型背散射成像系统,设计开发了一套专用图像处理算法,包括归一化校正、衰减校正,图像去噪,图像增强,图像分割等,以降低图像噪声和提高图像对比度。目前此算法已实际应用于成像系统进行实验验证,图像质量具有明显改善,是一种行之有效的算法。     

~(12)C重离子背散射方法及其对YBa_2Cu_3O_7超导膜界面元素扩散行为的研究

将利用~(12)C作为轰击粒子的重离子背散射技术与利用α粒予作为轰击粒子的常规背散射技术相比较,讨论了质量分辨率、深度分辨率及分析灵敏度等方面重离子背散射所表现出来的优点,并且利用~(12)C重离子背散射方法分析了YBa_2Cu_3O_7/SrTiO_3界面处元素之间的扩散行为。     

60Co集装箱阵列背散射辐射成像系统研究

与透射辐射成像相比,康普顿背散射成像技术更适用于爆炸物、毒品等低密度违禁品的检测.据此,提出了一种大型客体阵列背散射辐射成像方案,设计、开发了一体化阵列气体电离室探测器,搭建了1/3规模实验样机,并对有机物加亮效应、背散射图像校正、复原等相关技术问题进行了仿真与实验研究.     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.