14.8 MeV中子诱发~(238)U裂变产物产额测量

裂变产物产额作为裂变过程的一个重要参数,其准确测量对有关裂变的很多方面都有重要意义。为了准确测量中子诱发~(238)U裂变产物产额,利用中国工程物理研究院PD-300加速器上的T(d,n)4He反应,产生14.8MeV的中子,诱发~(238)U裂变。辐照过程中,通过金硅面垒半导体探测器监测中子通量的变化。使用Al片作为监测片计算整个照射过程中样品的平均中子通量。辐照结束后,利用高纯锗(High-Purity Germanium,HPGe)探测器测得裂变产物特征γ射线计数,计算得到裂变产物的产额,使用MCNPX软件对中子的多次散射和自屏蔽效应进行修正,并通过计算得到样品和监测片的自吸收修正、中子通量波动因子。得到了95Zr、127Sb、140Ba、147Nd、131I、103Ru等长半衰期产物的累积产额值,并将结果与以前的文献值做了比对,研究结果有助于~(238)U裂变产物产额的分析和评价。     

中子活化法测定~(232)Th裂变产物产额

采用中子活化法测量了~(232)Th的裂变产物及其累积产额。利用加速器T(d,n)~4He反应产生的14.9 MeV高注量中子长时间照射ThO_2样品,用高纯锗γ谱仪测量其特征γ谱,求得较长半衰期核素~(99)Mo、~(141)Ce、~(143)Ce、~(131)I、~(140)Ba等的裂变产额,实验结果的典型误差为4%。其中,利用MCNP程序对中子的多次散射效应和自屏蔽效应进行修正,同时考虑了中子注量波动及γ射线在样品中的自吸收影响。     

5MeV中子诱发~(238)U裂变时几个核素累计产额的绝对测定

引言 对14MeV中子诱发~(238)U裂变的质量分布已做了很多研究,这是因为氘-氚聚变反应(D T→n α)提供了一个极好的14MeV的单能中子源。但对其它单能中子诱发~(238)U裂变的质量分布研究得就不够充分,已报道的结果中有些彼此分歧较大。我们用放化法测量了D(d,n)~3He反应产生的5MeV中子诱发~(238)U裂变时几个核素的绝对产额。     

用产额比测量~(235)U/~(238)U同位素丰度比

用裂变产额比法测量了样品中235 U/238 U同位素丰度比。样品受14.8MeV中子短时间辐照后,用HPGe谱仪系统跟踪测量其γ能谱,从各自的特征峰分析得到不同裂变产物的加权平均产额,得到了若干对产物核素的产额比与丰度比的相关曲线。     

0.57 MeV、1.0 MeV和1.5 MeV单能中子诱发235U裂变的产物产额绝对测量北大核心CSCD

235U的裂变产物产额是核能应用和核物理研究中的重要基础数据。本工作应用高纯锗γ能谱法绝对测量了0.57、1.0 MeV和1.5 MeV中子诱发235U裂变的各能量点30个质量链的产额数据。样品的裂变率通过双裂变室监测,并利用蒙特卡罗(MCNP)模拟了辐照时样品的中子能谱,结果与国际上相应能量点数据在实验不确定度范围内吻合。本工作得到的产额数据澄清了原有数据最高16%的差异并将数据精度从国际上原有数据精度5%~7%提高到3%~5%。     

DF-Ⅵ堆中心平均裂变截面比~(238)■_f/~(235)■_f计算

计算和测量反应堆芯部可裂变材料的平均裂变截面比,使有可能估算出堆芯部中子能谱的硬化程度。计算和测量~(238)U和~(235)U的平均裂变截面比~(238)■_f/~(235)■_f,就能估算出堆芯部~(238)U裂变阈1.4 MeV以上的中子份额。用固态核径迹探测器法已测得DF-VI堆芯部     

0.57、1.0和1.5 MeV中子诱发235U裂变的99Mo产额绝对测量

用HPGe γ能谱法绝对测量了0.57、1.0和1.5 MeV中子诱发²³⁵U裂变产物⁹⁹Mo的产额,使用双裂变室测量了样品辐照过程中的裂变率,应用MCNP ⅣB模拟了铀样品中的中子能谱,并讨论了非主中子的各种来源对产额数据的影响。得到⁹⁹Mo在0.57、1.0和1.5 MeV的产额分别为6.61%、6.62%和6.28%。本工作与美国阿贡实验室的结果有15%以上的相对偏差,主要是由引用的衰变数据不同引起。对阿贡实验室数据进行校正后,本工作与阿贡实验室数据的相对偏差处于实验不确定度范围内。     

24.4KeV中子诱发^235U裂变的产额测量

一、前言 对~(235)U热中子裂变已经作了充分的研究,裂变产物的产额作了广泛的测量,并对实验数据进行了多次编评。但是对于其它单能中子诱发~(235)U裂变研究还远远不够,尤其是keV能区的中子更是如此。J.G.Cuninghame等测量了130-1700keV中子诱发~(235)U裂变中一些核素的产额。但是低于130keV中子诱发的裂变研究,文献中未见过报道。为了研究产额随中子能     

用活化法无损测定金属铀样品中~(238)U的含量

238U作为一种重要的裂变材料,其含量的准确测定在裂变产额数据测量中具有重要意义。在四川大学2.5 Me V质子静电加速器上,利用T(p,n)3He反应产生的483 ke V单能中子照射金属铀样品,对照射后生成放射性核素239Np的特征γ射线进行测量,利用已知的238U(n,γ)俘获截面数据实现了对238U含量的准确测量。对影响测量结果准确性的因素做了细致分析,采用蒙特卡罗方法应用软件MCNPX(Monte Carlo N-Particle e Xtended)对中子的多次散射效应和中子注量衰减效应进行了修正,对γ射线在样品中的自吸收也进行了修正,修正后的实验结果是2.884 2 g金属铀含5.712 8×1021个238U原子,实验结果的不确定度是4.1%。     

^238U、^239Pu裂变质量分布数据的评价

评价了~(238)U、~(239)Pu裂变质量分布数据,其中包括En=1.5,5.5,8.3,11.3,14.9,22.0,27.5,50.0,99.5,160 MeV中子诱发~(238)U裂变和Ep=20.0,60.0 MeV质子诱发~(238)U裂变,及En=0.17,7.9,14.5 MeV中子诱发~(239)Pu裂变。除从国际EXFOR库中检索实验数据外,还从最新出版物和私人通信中得到了一些重要数据。对搜集到的每家数据进行了分析、取舍和必要的修正及误差调整和处理。     

Fission Product Yields for 14 MeV Neutrons on U, U and Pu

We report cumulative fission product yields (FPY) measured at Los Alamos for 14 MeV neutrons on ²³⁵U, ²³⁸U and ²³⁹Pu. The results are from historical measurements made in the 1950s–1970s, not previously available in the peer reviewed literature, although an early version of the data was reported in the Ford and Norris review. The results are compared with other measurements and with the ENDF/B-VI England and Rider evaluation. Compared to the Laurec (CEA) data and to ENDF/B-VI evaluation, good agreement is seen for ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U, but our FPYs are generally higher for ²³⁹Pu. The reason for the higher plutonium FPYs compared to earlier Los Alamos assessments reported by Ford and Norris is that we update the measured values to use modern nuclear data, and in particular the 14 MeV ²³⁹Pu fission cross section is now known to be 15–20% lower than the value assumed in the 1950s, and therefore our assessed number of fissions in the plutonium sample is correspondingly lower. Our results are in excellent agreement with absolute FPY measurements by Nethaway (1971), although Nethaway later renormalized his data down by 9% having hypothesized that he had a normalization error. The new ENDF/B-VII.1 14 MeV FPY evaluation is in good agreement with our data.     

The dependence of cumulative ^238U（n,f）fission yield on incident-neutron energy

This work is aim at studying the dependence of fission yields on incident neutron energy,so as to produce evaluated yield sets of the energy dependence.Experimental data at different neutron energies for gas fission products 85m,87,88Kr and 138Xe resulting from the 238U(n,f) reaction are processed using codes AVERAGE for weighed average and ZOTT for simultaneous evaluation.Energy dependence of the cumulative fission product yields on the incident neutron is presented.The evaluated curve of product yield is compared with the results calculated by the TALYS-0.64 code.The present evaluation is consistent with other main libraries in error permission.The fit curve of 87,88Kr can be recommended to predict the unmeasured fission yields.Comparisons of the evaluated energy dependence curves with theoretical calculated results show that the predictions using purely theoretical model for the fission process are not sufficiently accurate and reliable for the calculations of the cumulative fission yields for the 238U(n,f).     

^238U裂变产物传输效率的测定

用气喷咀反冲传输技术将14MeV中子引起~(288)U裂变的裂变产物从照射位置传输到15m远的实验区.氮气作传输气体,KCl作添加剂.活性炭和混合纤维素酯微孔滤膜作阻止、吸附材料.Ge(Li)探测器测得的12个核素的传输效率大都在40—70％之间。     

Estimation of Neutron Yield from Individual Fragment in Medium-Excitation Fission

A method of calculation is described to estimate the average number of neutrons emitted per fragment in medium-excitation fission from published experimental data on neutron emission in thermal-neutron induced fission, average total kinetic energy as a function of fragment mass and mass yield in low- and medium-excitation fission reactions. Use is made of a relation of fragment excitation energy with internal excitation and deformation energies, and the difference in kinetic energy between the fission reactions at two-excitation energies. A tentative calculation is made for the fission of ²³⁸U induced by 12 MeV protons. The results are in good agreement with experimental data.

The method developed in the present work may make it possible to predict the average number of neutrons emitted from individual fragment in medium-excitation fission which has not yet been measured experimentally.     

A thin film 10B sample for measuring the atom number

In order to measure differential cross sections of the 10B(n,α)7Li reaction induced by MeV neutrons using the forward-backward coincidence method, a thin film 10B sample was designed and the 10B atom number was determined with a reference 10B film sample. Alpha counts of the 10B(nth,α)7Li reaction from the 10B thin film and the reference sample were measured using a gridded ionization chamber and thermal neutrons, which were moderated and thermalized by paraffin from fast neutrons produced in D(d,n)3He reaction on a 4.5 MV Van de Graaff. The neutron flux was normalized by measuring the fission yield of a small 238U fission chamber.     

Ge(Li)探测器测定14MeV中子引起~(238)U裂变中稀土核素的裂变产额

在核化学研究中,对稀土核素生成截面的资料是非常感兴趣的。因为在各种能量的轻粒子引起重核的裂变,或者在重离子引起的核反应中,稀土核素都构成了核反应产物中相当大的一部分。此外,处于大的核形变区的稀土核远离任何满核子壳层,因此测量稀土核的反应截面能够获得不受壳效应影响的核反应信息。     

特定实验条件下中子引发~(238)U裂变率测量可行性研究

用小型平板裂变室测量中子穿透实验模型后引发238U绝对裂变率,掌握小空间测量中子技术。通过对有无反射壳测量结果的比较,得到中子对反射壳反射因数。实验结果与MCNP模拟计算结果比较,以此来检验计算方法与参数。