60Co双投影辐射成像系统中的散射干扰模拟研究

~(60)Co双投影辐射成像系统,采用两个射线源,分别底置和侧置,通过一次扫描即可获得仰视和侧视两个方向的投影图像。但由于散射的存在,两个投影平面的成像会相互干扰。为降低两投影平面间的散射影响,提高该系统辐射图像的质量,首先基于蒙特卡罗方法建立仿真模型,并对空载时散射分布的模拟值与实验值进行对比,验证了模型的可靠性,然后模拟分析了不同投影平面间距、探测器周围布置不同屏蔽材料(钨、铅、钢和铝)以及屏蔽层位置和厚度对散射的影响。结果表明:当投影平面间距为40 cm并且屏蔽层厚度相同时,使用铅并将其布置在支撑架和侧视电离室之间时,对散射的屏蔽效果最好;投影平面间距分别为40 cm和80 cm时,散射可以分别降低至间距为10 cm时的55%和40%以下,安装2.5 cm的铅片可以将散射进一步降低80%。此研究为双投影系统针对散射校正的硬件改良和升级提供参考与指导。     

射线检测用计算机插件

描述了工业用射线检测系统的现状,以及为克服目前射线检测系统不足而设计的射线检测用计算机插件的功能、特点、原理及测试情况。射线检测用计算机插件,将射线检测所需的各项功能,如能量标定功能、多路定标功能,集成于一身,并且附带其他实用功能,如电机控制,ADC功能等等。该插件将两路射线检测部件集成于一个插件上,为射线检测系统的组织增添了一功能强大的组件,不仅可以替代普通核检测系统中的信号处理、信号分析、数据处理、电机控制等全部功能组件,而且可将其应用于更为复杂的检测系统之中,如:双源/双能量/双路检测、多通道检测、位置采样、芯体定位等等。该插件使得射线检测系统更容易实现小型化、计算机化,从而提高检测质量,并能大大降低系统成本。     

一种集装箱检查系统辐射图像的伪彩色变换方法

为提高钴-60集装箱检查系统所得辐射图像的可识别度,提出一种基于图像灰度特性的伪彩色变换方法。该方法首先对辐射图像进行预处理,保证本底灰度的像素映射到灰度0附近,然后根据辐射图像的直方图,动态地将颜色表中的颜色分配到不同灰度上,并根据奥斯特瓦尔德颜色体系设置颜色表,使得彩色的显示更有层次感。该方法应用于某海关集装箱检查系统,取得了较好的显示效果。     

Elman改进型神经网络在X射线探测器中的应用

提出了采用改进的Elman神经网络拟合图像灰度值与照射量率的关系曲线来标定辐射探测器的方法,探讨了神经网络参数的选取,得到了理论上和实验上的拟合曲线及误差曲线。通过与BP神经网络训练结果比较分析,证明改进Elman算法收敛速度快,误差曲线更加平滑。该算法网络已应用于X射线探测器的标定,与预期目标一致,辐射剂量的测量精度达到10~(-15)。     

数字辐射图像的自适应处理方法研究

分析了数字辐射成像的基本原理、方法和特点,阐述了目前处理方法存在的不足.根据采集信号的分布特点,提出了一种基于小波变换的自适应的图像处理方法.该方法将射线成像系统的采集信号做分段灰度变换,将变换得到的多幅图像利用小波变换进行图像融合,以增强射线图像的显示效果,再采用非线性的颜色分配方法为图像加上伪彩色,有效的提高了图像的分辨能力,提高了工件检测效率.此方法在数字辐射成像系统中得到了成功的应用.     

基于微焦点CT的三维裂纹扩展分析

采用高频疲劳试验机进行了2A50锻铝缺口试样三点弯曲试验,对不同扩展阶段的表面裂纹进行了SEM对比分析。通过微焦点CT对裂纹进行了三维重建,三维可视化结果直观显示了裂纹的尺寸、位置和形态分布。通过相邻两个阶段二维CT图像的灰度、裂纹前沿位置分析裂纹扩展行为特征,结果表明,裂纹扩展不规则。分别将两个阶段的裂纹体进行投影得到了投影图像,对比后可观察到新的裂纹扩展区域,并得到了两个阶段的裂纹扩展前沿分布曲线。通过两个阶段的裂纹体三维分析得到了裂纹前沿扩展增量三维分布。     

辐射成像技术的初步应用研究

介绍了辐射成像技术的工作原理和一种基于USB接口技术的二维辐射成像系统的软硬件设计.针对电子线路工艺检测的要求,阐述了图像信息的采集方式和重建方法.并采用灰度增强、伪彩色增强、空间滤波、边缘增强、几何处理等二维数字图像处理算法,完成了数字图像的恢复.目前,系统在电子线路板焊接检测流程中,用以排除焊接过程中虚焊、短路等问...     

60Co双投影辐射成像系统中的辐射信息处理与实现

针对清华大学研制成功的⁶⁰Co双投影数字辐射成像系统中两个⁶⁰Co放射源之间存在γ光子散射影响的问题,本文提出一种综合的辐射信息处理方法,包括使用散射校正算法和物理隔离对两源之间的散射进行校正,对辐射图像处理算法进行改进,并设计建造了辐射信息处理和分析平台。该方法有效降低了两个放射源之间的散射影响,获得了更加清晰的辐射图像,并开发了专用的辐射信息处理平台。本工作已应用在某核设施出入口,运行两年多时间里,联调稳定可靠,实现了同类检测系统的应用创新。     

辐射成像系统图像灰度的自适应显示方法

辐射成像系统图像变换处理中,通常采用线性变换或对数变换等方法来获得较高的图像显示质量,但这些方法只突出图像的部分灰度段,不利于获得辐射图像的整体信息。本文改进了原有的线性变换方法,研究了在保持图像细节基本无损情况下,根据被检图像特点自适应确定变换参数进行数据变换的方法。实验表明,在保证图像质量同时,该方法能利用8位灰度最大程度地一次性显示16比特图像中整体信息,提高辐射检测速度。     

双视角~(60)Co集装箱检测系统的研制

介绍了60Co集装箱检测单源-双视角成像技术的基本原理与特点、系统构成与性能指标以及推广应用。双视角集装箱检测技术通过增加1组探测器阵列,获得两个不同视角的集装箱辐射透射图像,实现对集装箱的双视图对比检测并可生成集装箱的虚拟3D图像,从而实现立体检测,有效改善扫描图像中前后重叠物体和杆状物体的图像分辨效果,显著提高夹藏枪支武器的检出效率。双视角集装箱辐射成像检测技术是常规的单投影集装箱检测技术的重要发展,已在中国海关多个口岸装备运行,并取得巨大的经济社会效益。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

Investigations on landmine detection by BF3 detector

Experiments were carried out to investigate the possible use of neutron backscattering for the detection of polyethylene (PE) sample buried in the soil. In detection of landmine by neutrons, the neutron detector and its shield play an important role. In this paper, the effects of graphite, heavy water, polyethylene and boric acid moderators on the flux of back scattered neutrons were investigated. We have also experimentally verified the effect of BF3 detector shield and obtained good agreement with theory.     

Web Services interface of SSRF archive data analysis system

Accelerator database stores various static parameters and real-time data of accelerator. SSRF (Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility) adopts relational database to save the data. We developed a data retrieval system based on XML Web Services for accessing the archive data. It includes a bottom layer interface and an interface applicable for accelerator physics. Client samples exemplifying how to consume the interface are given. The users can browse, retrieve and plot data by the client samples. Also, we give a method to test its stability. The test result and performance are described.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Assessment of radioactivity levels in some oil samples from the western desert, Egypt

Distributions of natural gamma-emitting radionuclides were determined in 93 oil samples collected from some petroleum fields in the western desert of Egypt. The radioisotope activities in the area under investigation lay in the range of (21 ± 4) to (38 ± 13) Bq?L-1 for 226Ra, (9 ± 2) to (15 ± 5) Bq?L-1 for 232Th, and (154 ± 28) to (303 ± 54) Bq?L-1 for 40K. The mean values were 27, 12, and 201 Bq?L-1, respectively. Among oils, variations in radionuclide ac- tivities could be on account of differences in TDS, HCO3, and Ba, with high or low pH. In this environment, oil prop- erties differently affected the mobilization of natural radionuclides. The range of 226Ra variation had been compared with available data from other countries. The calculated absorbed dose rate ranged from 22.33 to 32.66 nGy?h-1 in lo- cation (B) and (E) respectively, which was less than the accepted value.     

Preparation and properties of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP in in-vitro and in small animals

In this work,TTHMP was synthesized and labelled with 117m Sn.The preparation conditions,stability and lipophilicity of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP were investigated.Biodistribution of the complex in rabbits and mice was studied.It was found that the quantity of TTHMP and pH value of the prepararion solution had vital effects on the labeling yield of 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP.It was also found that 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP was hydrophilic and stable at room temperature and 37℃ in open air 117m Sn(IV)-TTHMP showed unexpectedly high bone uptake and bone-to-blood ratio in the animals.This made it potentially useful as an reagent for skeletal scintigraphy and radiotherapy of bone tumors.     

The role of AGFA high-energy CR in the calibration and quality control of multileaf collimators （MLC）

Linear accelerators equipped with multileaf collimators （MLC） are becoming more common and are widely used in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT）. There is an imperative need to ensure the commissioning specification of the linear accelerators for the sake of quality assurance （QA） and quality control （QC）. This paper is aimed to investigate the role of AGFA high-energy CR （Computed Radiography） in calibrating dynamic multileaf collimators and evaluating the accuracy of the leaf position. The result shows that AGFA high-energy CR can easily and conveniently be used to calibrate MLC and verify its position. Hence, the application of AGFA high-energy CR is proved to be an accurate and time-saving method for routine MLC QC, especially when MLC calibration adjustments are required.