In this study, two miscible CO2 injection dynamic tests in porous media were performed. In these tests, CO2 and live oil were injected into the core simultaneously. The CO2 concentration was more than the onset concentration for asphaltene precipitation.
The main objective of this work was to determine the deposition coefficients from the experimental data, so these were predicted by using basic equations using the material balance. Also, by mathematical methods, the relation between these parameters was determined.
Results from this work imply that the deposition parameters can be estimated from the experimental data and these parameters are not constant during modeling and simulation. 相似文献
The decision algorithm uses the information provided by the error estimate and does not require problem-dependent constants; it also uses a grid interface correction step to provide a smoother and a high-quality adaptive grid.
The proposed error estimate and the adaptive refinement algorithm are verified against analytic solution for different two-dimensional problems. In addition, calculations of three-dimensional laminar flows with different types of unstructured grids have demonstrated the applicability of the adaptive method. 相似文献
Proximate and ultimate analyses were also performed to evaluate the air–fuel ratio and ash content. The required thermophysical properties, such as heating value, density, and porosity were obtained experimentally, while the activation energy was obtained from published literature.
It was found that the temperature contours of the combustion process showed that the adiabatic flame temperature was 1080 K in a vertical burner, while the obtained experimental results of maximum temperature at various locations of the burner in actual, non-adiabatic, non-stoichiometric combustion reached 950 K, showing good agreement with the model. 相似文献
The Gas-Assisted Gravity Drainage (GAGD) process is designed and practiced based on gravity drainage idea and uses the advantage of density difference between injected gas and reservoir oil to overcome the drawbacks of the WAG process.
In this study, a comparison of enhanced heavy-oil recovery by three methods (CGI, WAG, and GAGD) is conducted by a commercial numerical simulator in a sector model of an Iranian offshore field. For this purpose, different production scenarios are designed. Moreover, the effect of several parameters such as injection fluid (CO2, hydrocarbon gas), in situ oil viscosity (heavy or extremely heavy oil), rate and volume of injection, and also three different WAG ratios are studied.
The results show that the GAGD method is not suitable for this field as the thickness of pay zone is low for vertical sweep efficiency and causes early breakthrough of injected gas. Also, CGI leads to lower recoveries compared to the WAG process, due to its unfavorable mobility ratio. Injection of CO2 instead of hydrocarbon gas results in higher sweep efficiency because of its viscosity reduction and swelling effects. In case of extremely heavy-oil recovery, with decreasing well spacing, the oil recovery factor increases as the drainage radius of wells reduces substantially due to high-viscosity oil. 相似文献
It was found that the adiabatic flame temperatures were 1380 K and 839 K for olive cake and date seed, and 2260 K and 1080 K for coal and oil shale, respectively. The experimental results showed that the maximum temperatures were 1126 K and 723 K for olive cake and date seed, respectively. The lower heating values were 19,500 kJ/kg and 16,400 kJ/kg for olive cake and date seed, and 29,000 kJ/kg and 7000 kJ/kg for coal and oil shale, respectively.
Thus, biomass such as date seed and olive cake may be used as an alternative fuel in electrical power plants in olive- or date-producing countries, which may save 40% of fuel cost. 相似文献
This paper studied the biodiesel policy in Thailand. Although the Thai government had launched a plan 8 years back, the plan could not meet its expected target. The policy was then extended to a 15-year plan. The goal is changed, using more biodiesel: 492.75 million liters in 2008 compared with 1642.5 million liters in 2022. The problems are politics, lack of raw materials, standard of specifications, no clear subsidized policy, and farmers’ lack technology. 相似文献
As a result, mathematical models of AC and CR were derived as functions of studied parameters. At optimum conditions, the AC of clean lignite was reduced from about 75 to 50.81% with 58.71% CR. Additionally, the effect of drum speed was found to be higher than other parameters. 相似文献
Granger causality results show that there is a unidirectional relationship from CO2 emissions to urbanization, and there is no causality between renewable energy consumption and CO2 emissions. The results have important implications for EU policymakers on the path toward a sustainable society. Urbanization can have negative impacts on the natural environment with the net effect being hard in EU countries. 相似文献
Abbreviations: CR: concentration ratio; CSP: concentrated solar power; MCRT: Monte Carlo ray tracing; PTC: parabolic trough collector 相似文献
This review was submitted as part of the 2016 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
In particular, the long-term objective is to keep the cost of support structures below about 20% of the total system cost.
A unit of about 200 modules was investigated in the Chianti Region of Castellina and in this paper results will be presented on the following topics
-the feasibility study of the most appropriate solution of a low-cost, simple, light-weight (0.3 kg/Wp), flexible and continuous array support structure (made of timber and steel wires).
-The study of the soil and of the site including site preparation by simple machines.
-The design of the solution retained valid after the imposed limitations for the plant approval.
-The construction and assembling of the entire P.V. plant.
-The measurements' campaigns carried out on the main structural components and the discussion of these results compared with design assumptions.
-The extrapolation of the real costs to larger P.V. units.
-The conclusive remarks on the experience acquired during the implementation of the project, its realization, its testing and operation over more than 18 months of life-time. 相似文献
The selective catalytic reduction experiments were carried out at temperatures ranging from 50°C to 350°C, water content 0% and 5% and 5% O2. In the absence of water, a total conversion of NO is obtained at 200°C for both zeolites, but important differences were found between zeolites LY-Cu and LY-Fe in the reduction of NO at temperatures lower than 200°C, and especially in the presence of water, that could be attributed to the different temperatures at which active species Cu2+ and Fe3+ are available for both ion-exchanged zeolites at the studied conditions. The greater surface area of zeolite LY-Cu can also contribute to its higher activity. 相似文献
The result confirmed a long run bidirectional causal relation running between energy consumption and economic growth. Furthermore, results make a significant contribution to policy makers to open up a new direction to the development of energy sector in China. 相似文献
Abbreviation: BD: Biodiesel; DF: Diesel fuel 相似文献
Abbreviations BHP: bottom-hole pressure; CMG: computer modeling group Ltd.; COF: Consecutive objective function; CRM: capacitance-resistive model or capacitance-resistance model; CWI: cumulative water injection; ICRM: integrated capacitance-resistance model; IMEX: Implicit-explicit black oil simulator 相似文献
This review was submitted as part of the 2016 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged 相似文献
Mist/air cooling performances of cylindrical hole, fan-shaped hole, and console hole are studied numerically. Flow structures of mist/air jets are studied. Both centerline and span averaged film cooling effectiveness are studied. Results show that the kidney vortex uplifts the mists further away from the flat plate and the antikidney vortex uplifts the mists near the lateral edge of the hole gradually. Mists enhancement on cooling effectiveness is significantly impaired at a higher blowing ratio in cylindrical hole and fan-shaped hole cases. The cooling effectiveness can maintain a relatively high value at each blowing ratio in console hole cases. 相似文献
The first method, called the generalised model approach, permits a wide range of non-linearities as well as arbitrary test initial and boundary conditions to be accommodated
The second method, called the simplified graphical method, demands high quality step response data but is very easy to use
Three examples taken from recent work in the SSTG programme are examined and these include a fully mixed response, a fully stratified response and a partially stratified response. The graphical method is shown to give a good estimate of the UA value for each case, even for the difficult case of partial stratification. 相似文献
The Project includes the design, fabrication, installation and testing of four 2.5-3 kW blocks, representing two different types of fixed flat-plate modules and one type of sun-tracking modules.
Each block consists of the array (P.V. modules, sun-tracker devices, support structures, wiring connectors, protection devices), the power conditioning system (MPPT-inverter) and the suitable instrumentation. Therefore each block is a fully independent P.V. system able to supply electric energy to a 380 V, 50 Hz three-phase line.
Furthermore, two experimental 200 Wp systems with GaAs cells and amorphous silicon cells are installed in the same area for the testing of these particular technologies. 相似文献