Performance, emission and economic assessment of clove stem oil–diesel blended fuels as alternative fuels for diesel engines

In this study the performance, emission and economic evaluation of using the clove stem oil (CSO)–diesel blended fuels as alternative fuels for diesel engine have been carried out. Experiments were performed to evaluate the impact of the CSO–diesel blended fuels on the engine performance and emissions. The societal life cycle cost (LCC) was chosen as an important indicator for comparing alternative fuel operating modes. The LCC using the pure diesel fuel, 25% CSO and 50% CSO–diesel blended fuels in diesel engine are analysed. These costs include the vehicle first cost, fuel cost and exhaust emissions cost. A complete macroeconomic assessment of the effect of introducing the CSO–diesel blended fuels to the diesel engine is not included in the study. Engine tests show that performance parameters of the CSO–diesel blended fuels do not differ greatly from those of the pure diesel fuel. Slight power losses, combined with an increase in fuel consumption, were experienced with the CSO–diesel blended fuels. This is due to the low heating value of the CSO–diesel blended fuels. Emissions of CO and HC are low for the CSO–diesel blended fuels. NO_x emissions were increased remarkably when the engine was fuelled with the 50% CSO–diesel blended fuel operation mode. A remarkable reduction in the exhaust smoke emissions can be achieved when operating on the CSO–diesel blended fuels. Based on the LCC analysis, the CSO–diesel blended fuels would not be competitive with the pure diesel fuel, even though the environmental impact of emission is valued monetarily. This is due to the high price of the CSO.     

Effect of changing injection pressure on Mahua oil and biodiesel combustion with CeO2 nanoparticle blend on CI engine performance and emission characteristics

Alternative fuels have sparked a lot of interest as oil deposits have decreased and environmental concerns have grown. Biodiesel is an alternative fuel that is being researched as a possible replacement for fossil fuels. In the current investigation, the combustion performance, and emission characteristics of CI(Compression Ignition) engine were examined by changing the fuel injection pressure (180, 200, 220 and 240 bar). The biodiesel (B20) used in this analysis was obtained from Mahua oil at 20% v/v blended with neat diesel (20% Mahua Biodiesel + 80% Diesel). CeO₂(Cerium Oxide) nanoparticles were introduced to the B20 fuel at four distinct concentrations are 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Performance characteristics such as BTE(Brake Thermal Efficiency) and BSFC(Brake Specific Fuel Consumption) were inferior to diesel, at 240 bar B20 with 25 ppm CeO₂ indicated 1.9% increased BTE and 3.8% reduced BSFC compared B20 and 6% lower EGT (Exhaust Gas Temperature) compared diesel. At 200 bar, fuel samples indicated slightly higher In-Cylinder pressure and lower HRR (Heat release rate) compared to diesel. At 200 bar FIP(Fuel Injection Pressure), HC(Hydro Carbon) and CO(Carbon Monoxide) emissions were reduced significantly compared to diesel. The largest reduction in smoke opacity and NOx(Nitrous Oxide) emissions were observed at 240 bar with 75 ppm dosage, but CO₂(Carbon Dioxide) emissions were higher at 220 bar.     

The effect of biodiesel and bioethanol blended diesel fuel on nanoparticles and exhaust emissions from CRDI diesel engine

Biofuel (biodiesel, bioethanol) is considered one of the most promising alternative fuels to petrol fuels. The objective of the work is to study the characteristics of the particle size distribution, the reaction characteristics of nanoparticles on the catalyst, and the exhaust emission characteristics when a common rail direct injection (CRDI) diesel engine is run on biofuel-blended diesel fuels. In this study, the engine performance, emission characteristics, and particle size distribution of a CRDI diesel engine that was equipped with a warm-up catalytic converters (WCC) or a catalyzed particulate filter (CPF) were examined in an ECE (Economic Commission Europe) R49 test and a European stationary cycle (ESC) test. The engine performance under a biofuel-blended diesel fuel was similar to that under D100 fuel, and the high fuel consumption was due to the lowered calorific value that ensued from mixing with biofuels. The use of a biodiesel–diesel blend fuel reduced the total hydrocarbon (THC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions but increased nitrogen oxide (NO_x) emissions due to the increased oxygen content in the fuel. The smoke emission was reduced by 50% with the use of the bioethanol–diesel blend. Emission conversion efficiencies in the WCC and CPF under biofuel-blended diesel fuels were similar to those under D100 fuel. The use of biofuel-blended diesel fuel reduced the total number of particles emitted from the engine; however, the use of biodiesel–diesel blends resulted in more emissions of particles that were smaller than 50 nm, when compared with the use of D100. The use of a mixed fuel of biodiesel and bioethanol (BD15E5) was much more effective for the reduction of the particle number and particle mass, when compared to the use of BD20 fuel.     

Emission analysis of different blends of karanja oil with producer gas in a twin-cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode

The present study describes the emission analysis of different blends of karanja oil and diesel with producer gas in dual fuel mode using a twin-cylinder diesel engine in two cases of operations. In case 1, the above fuels are tested in single mode and in dual fuel mode operation at an optimum gas flow rate of 21.49 Kg/h under different load conditions. Similarly, in case 2 the same test fuels are used in dual fuel mode only at an optimum load of 10 kW under different gas flow rates. The study reveals that dual fuel operation of all test fuels shows lower smoke and oxide of nitrogen emissions compared to their single mode operation, whereas other emission parameters are on the higher side. However, all blended fuels show better emissions compared to diesel in both cases of operations.     

The effect of mixed nanoadditive‐blended diesel–water emulsion on the performance,combustion, and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

The present paper examines the impact of mixed nanoadditive (Al₂O₃ and ZnO) incorporated diesel–water emulsion on the combustion, performance, and emission of a single‐cylinder diesel engine under varying load conditions. The test fuels consist of constant fuel ratio of 88% diesel, 10% water, and 2% surfactant. Also, different concentrations of mixed nanoadditives—50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm—are added to the test fuel. The ultrasonicator bath is employed for agitation or stirring of test fuels. The test results indicate that the mixed nanoadditives in diesel–water emulsion improve combustion characteristics, brake thermal efficiency, and brake‐specific fuel consumption, whereas the maximum improvement is achieved at full load. It is also determined from the test results that the nanoadditive‐blended test fuel showed a noticeable decrement in CO, NO_x, and hydrocarbon emissions as compared with neat diesel. The optimum results are obtained for D88S2W10ZA150 blend. Owing to the higher surface‐to‐volume ratio, enhanced atomization rate, high catalytic behavior, and shortened ignition delay are possible reasons to improve diesel engine working characteristics.     

Performance and emission evaluation of a CI engine fueled with preheated raw rapeseed oil (RRO)–diesel blends

Many studies are still being carried out to find out surplus information about how vegetable based oils can efficiently be used in compression ignition engines. Raw rapeseed oil (RRO) was used as blended with diesel fuel (DF) by 50% oil–50% diesel fuel in volume (O50) also as blended with diesel fuel by 20% oil–80% diesel fuel in volume (O20). The test fuels were used in a single cylinder, four stroke, naturally aspirated, direct injection compression ignition engine. The effects of fuel preheating to 100 °C on the engine performance and emission characteristics of a CI engine fueled with rapeseed oil diesel blends were clarified. Results showed that preheating of RRO was lowered RRO’s viscosity and provided smooth fuel flow Heating is necessary for smooth flow and to avoid fuel filter clogging. It can be achieved by heating RRO to 100 °C. It can also be concluded that preheating of the fuel have some positive effects on engine performance and emissions when operating with vegetable oil.     

Emission analysis of different blends of karanja biodiesel with producer gas in a twin cylinder diesel engine in dual fuel mode

The present study demonstrates the emission analysis of different blends of Karanja biodiesel and diesel with producer gas in dual fuel mode using a twin cylinder diesel engine for two cases of operations. In case 1, a test is carried out using the above test fuels both in single mode and dual fuel mode operation with a constant gas flow rate of 21.49 Kg/h under different load conditions. Similarly, in case 2, a test is performed at a constant load of 10 kW under different gas flow rates using the same test fuels in the dual fuel mode only. The study reveals that all blended fuels show better emissions compared to diesel in both cases of operations. Dual fuel mode operation of all tested fuels shows lower smoke and oxide of nitrogen emissions compared to their single mode operation under all load conditions, whereas other emission parameters are found to be on the higher side.     

生物含氧燃料成分对柴油机性能影响的试验研究

将占体积比80％的柴油分别掺混20％乙醇、20％生物柴油以及10％乙醇和10％生物柴油的混合物,连同纯柴油组成E20、B20、E10810和柴油共4种燃料,在一台4缸柴油机上进行燃烧、性能及排放特性试验研究。结果表明：含氧燃料成分的不同对折合油耗率基本不产生影响,但对燃烧和排放特性影响较大。发动机燃用E20的缸内最大爆发压力较柴油要大,B20、E10810较柴油要小;含氧燃料中生物柴油的加入使最大压力升高率减小,燃烧变得柔和;含氧燃料的放热时刻均落后于柴油的放热时刻。含氧燃料成分在中低负荷下对HC和CO的排放影响较大,随着含氧燃料中乙醇比例的增加HC和CO排放增加,在中高负荷下,3种含氧燃料的HC和CO排放基本相当;除了在2300r／min的中低负荷下含氧燃料的HC和CO排放较柴油高以外,其它工况下含氧燃料的HC和CO排放较柴油要低。含氧燃料成分不同对NOx排放的影响很小,3种含氧燃料的NOx排放都比柴油低。3种含氧燃料的碳烟排放较柴油要低,而且随含氧燃料中乙醇比例的增加,碳烟排放减小。     

Performance,combustion and emission characteristics of a spark‐ignition engine with simultaneous injection of n‐butanol and gasoline in comparison to blended butanol and gasoline

Simultaneous injection of n‐butanol and gasoline through a new system of two injectors directing the sprays towards the back of the intake valve in a spark‐ignition engine was tried in lieu of injecting a blend of these fuels through a single injector. This system avoids the problem of phase separation, which is generally faced during the use of alcohol‐gasoline blends. Experiments were conducted on a spark‐ignition engine with this dual injection system using a fuel ratio of 1:1 (B50S) on the mass basis. High‐speed photographs indicated that the sprays from the injectors did not interfere till they reached the intake valve. Comparisons were made with pre‐blended butanol‐gasoline (B50) and neat (100%) gasoline at the best spark timing. All injection and spark parameters were controlled using a real time engine controller. Neat n‐butanol (B100) was superior only near full throttle with improved efficiency of the engine of about 1.2% (absolute). Heat release rates were observed to be higher and more advanced with B100 at wide open throttle. However, a reverse of this trend was observed at the throttle position of 15%. NO emission was also lower by 30% with B100 at wide open throttle as compared with gasoline. However, a small increase in carbon monoxide (CO) levels was observed because of lower post combustion temperatures as compared with gasoline and B50S. Simultaneous injection reduced hydrocarbon (HC) emissions by 13% to 50% as compared with B50 (blended fuel). HC emissions with gasoline and B50S were similar. Nitric oxide (NO) emission was lower with B50S as compared with gasoline; however it was higher than B50 because of better combustion. On the whole, the developed dual injection system was superior to the conventional method of blending in terms of performance, emissions and ability to change the fuel ratio as needed. B50S is suitable at all throttle positions, whereas B100 shows benefits at full throttle conditions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy,exergy and emission analysis on a DI single cylinder diesel engine using pyrolytic waste plastic oil diesel blend

Depletion of fossil fuels and stringent emission norms focus attention to discover an evitable source of alternative fuel in order to attribute a significant compensation on conventional fuels. Besides, waste management policies encourage the valorization of different wastes for the production of alternative fuels in order to reduce the challenges of waste management. In this context, pyrolysis has become an emerging trend to convert different wastes into alternate fuel and suitable to be used as a substitute fuel for CI engines. The current investigation provides a sustainable and feasible solution for waste plastic management by widening the gap between global plastic production and plastic waste generation. It investigates the performance and emission of a single cylinder DI four stroke diesel engine using waste plastic oil (WPO) derived from pyrolysis of waste plastics using Zeolite-A as catalyst. Engine load tests have been conducted taking waste plastic oil and subsequently a blend of waste plastic oil by 10%, 20%, and 30% in volume proportions with diesel as fuel. The performance of the test engine in terms of brake thermal efficiency is found marginally higher and brake specific fuel consumption comparatively lowest for 20% WPO-diesel blend than pure diesel. The NOx and HC emission is found lower under low load condition and became higher by increasing the load as compared to diesel. Fuel exergy was significantly increasing after blending of WPO with pure diesel, but exergetic efficiency of the blended fuels followed the reverse trend. However, increase in load of the engine improved the exergetic efficiency. The 20% WPO–diesel blended fuel is found suitable to be used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine.     

Impact of Carbon Nanotubes and Di-Ethyl Ether as additives with biodiesel emulsion fuels in a diesel engine – An experimental investigation

In the current global energy scenario, fossil fuels face challenges with regards to exorbitant demand, environmental hazards and escalating costs. In this regard, the technical community is in quest for alternative resources. In this context, biodiesel fuel is potentially considered as alternative fuels for compression ignition engines. Hence, in this current investigation, biodiesel and biodiesel emulsions are prepared from a vegetable oil and further subjected for the blending with potential additives such as CNT (Carbon Nanotubes) and DEE (Di-Ethyl Ether) to improve the working attributes of the diesel engine. The entire investigation was carried out in five stages. In the first stage, both pure diesel and biodiesel (derived from jatropha oil) fuels were tested in the diesel engine to obtain baseline readings. In the second stage, water–biodiesel emulsion fuel was prepared in the proportion of 91% of biodiesel, 5% of water and 4% of emulsifiers (by volume). In the third stage, 50 ppm of CNT, 50 ml of DEE and combined mixture of CNT+DEE (50 ppm CNT+50 ml DEE) were mixed with the water–biodiesel emulsion fuel separately to prepare the CNT and DEE blended water–biodiesel emulsion fuels respectively. In fourth stage, the prepared emulsion fuels were subjected to stability investigations. In the fifth stage, all the prepared stable emulsion fuels were subjected for experimental testing in a diesel engine. It was observed that the CNT and DEE blended biodiesel emulsion fuels reflected better performance, emission and combustion attributes than that of pure diesel and biodiesel. At the full load, the brake thermal efficiency, NO and smoke emission of CNT+DEE fuels was 28.8%, 895 ppm and 36%, whereas it was 25.2%, 1340 ppm and 71% for pure diesel respectively. It was also observed that on adding CNT and DEE with the biodiesel emulsion fuels, the ignition delay was shortened and henceforth, the additive blended biodiesel emulsion fuels exhibited higher brake thermal efficiency and reduced emissions (NO, smoke) than that of pure diesel and biodiesel.     

Partial hydrogenation and hydrogen induction: A comparative study with B20 operation in a turbocharged CRDI diesel engine

Numerous studies explored the possibility and effective strategies for supplementing hydrogen along with fossil or biofuels on internal combustion engines. Hydrogen is also being employed for formulating fuels such as hydrogen compressed natural gas in the gaseous form and hydrogenated biofuels in the liquid form. The present study evaluates (i) hydrogen usage on the fuel formulation and (ii) investigates the engine operation of an automotive turbocharged diesel engine operated with karanja biodiesel blended diesel (B20) as a reference fuel. Existing literature outlines that biodiesel blends possess lower energy content and emit higher nitric oxide (NO) emission than fossil diesel. The present research paper partially hydrogenates karanja biodiesel using an autoclave reactor with a palladium catalyst to increase the saturation levels and mitigate the biodiesel-NO penalty. Besides, the drop in energy release of B20 is compensated through the provision of hydrogen induction along the intake manifold. The hydrogen flow rates to the turbocharged engine are maintained at a fixed energy share of 10%. Both biodiesel and hydrogenated biodiesel were blended on a volume basis (20%) with fossil diesel (80%) and are designated as B20 and HB20, respectively. The test results reveal that HB20 effectively mitigates the biodiesel-NO penalty with a maximum reduction of 29.8% compared to B20. Further, hydrogen induction yielded a significant improvement (23.7%) in fuel consumption with HB20 relative to B20 without hydrogen addition. The compounding effect of hydrogen usage on the engine operation and fuel formulation exhibited a better performance and emission trade-off at mid load conditions.     

Unregulated emissions and health risk potential from biodiesel (KB5, KB20) and methanol blend (M5) fuelled transportation diesel engines

Diesel engine emissions consist of several harmful gaseous species, some of which are regulated by stringent emission norms, while many others are not. These unregulated emission species are responsible for adverse environmental impact and serious health hazards upon prolonged exposure. In this study, a four-cylinder, 1.4 l, compression ignition (CI) engine was used for characterization of unregulated gaseous exhaust emissions measured at 2500 rpm at varying engine loads (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%). The test fuels investigated were Karanja biodiesel blended with diesel (KB5, KB20), methanol blended with diesel (M5) and baseline mineral diesel. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) emission analyzer was used to measure unregulated emission species and raw exhaust gas emission analyzer was used to measure regulated emission species in exhaust. Results show an increasing trend for some of the unregulated species from blends of biodiesel such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, ethanol, n-butane however methane reduced upon using these oxygenated fuel blends except methanol, compared to baseline mineral diesel. Nevertheless, no significant changes were observed for sulfur dioxide, iso-butane, n-octane, n-pentane, formic acid, benzene, acetylene and ethylene upon using biodiesel and methanol blends.     

Determination of ecological efficiency in internal combustion engines: The use of biodiesel

This paper evaluates and quantifies the environmental impact from the use of some renewable fuels and fossils fuels in internal combustion engines. The following fuels are evaluated: gasoline blended with anhydrous ethyl alcohol (anhydrous ethanol), conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel in pure form and blended with diesel fuel, and natural gas. For the case of biodiesel, its complete life cycle and the closed carbon cycle (photosynthesis) were considered. The ecological efficiency concept depends on the environmental impact caused by CO₂, SO₂, NO_x and particulate material (PM) emissions. The exhaust gases from internal combustion engines, in the case of the gasoline (blended with alcohol), biodiesel and biodiesel blended with conventional diesel, are the less polluting; on the other hand, the most polluting are those related to conventional diesel. They can cause serious problems to the environment because of their dangerous components for the human, animal and vegetable life. The resultant pollution of each one of the mentioned fuels are analyzed, considering separately CO₂, SO₂, NO_x and particulate material (PM) emissions. As conclusion, it is possible to calculate an environmental factor that represents, qualitatively and quantitative, the emissions in internal combustion engines that are mostly used in urban transport. Biodiesel in pure form (B100) and blended with conventional diesel as fuel for engines pollute less than conventional diesel fuel. The ecological efficiency for pure biodiesel (B100) is 86.75%; for biodiesel blended with conventional diesel fuel (B20, 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel), it is 78.79%. Finally, the ecological efficiency for conventional diesel, when used in engines, is 77.34%; for gasoline, it is 82.52%, and for natural gas, it is 91.95%. All these figures considered a thermal efficiency of 30% for the internal combustion engine.     

The effect of Sr-doped zinc oxide nanoadditives on the performance and emission parameters of a VCR engine powered by soybean biodiesel

In the present study, the effects of soybean biodiesel (SB)–diesel blends containing 1% strontium (Sr) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) on the performance and emission parameters of a variable compression ratio (VCR) engine were investigated. To make the fuel blends, 25% soybean biodiesel (SB25) was added to the diesel. To improve the blend's stability, Sr/ZnO NP additions were blended with SB25 at 50 and 75 ppm utilizing an ultrasonication method and a surfactant at 2%. Various physicochemical techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and ultraviolet spectroscopy, were used to characterize the produced NPs. These blends improved overall engine characteristics when used with a VCR. In comparison to the absence of nanoadditives, the brake thermal efficiency increased by 10.37% and the brake-specific fuel consumption decreased by 16.76% while using 50 ppm Sr/ZnO NPs additive in SB25 (SB25Sr/ZnO50). In addition, the presence of Sr/ZnO in SB25 results in lower harmful emissions such as hydrocarbon, CO, CO₂, and smoke, which are reduced by 11.20%, 13.81%, 41.43%, and 21.34%, respectively, when compared to SB25 fuel. The Sr/ZnO NPs in the blend are an excellent choice for improving engine emission and performance.     

The effect of clove oil and diesel fuel blends on the engine performance and exhaust emissions of a compression-ignition engine

Diesel engines provide the major power source for transportation in the world and contribute to the prosperity of the worldwide economy. However, recent concerns over the environment, increasing fuel prices and the scarcity of fuel supplies have promoted considerable interest in searching for alternatives to petroleum based fuels. Based on this background, the main purpose of this investigation is to evaluate clove stem oil (CSO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engines. To this end, an experimental investigation was performed on a four-stroke, four-cylinder water-cooled direct injection diesel engine to study the performance and emissions of an engine operated using the CSO–diesel blended fuels. The effects of the CSO–diesel blended fuels on the engine brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), specific energy consumption (SEC), exhaust gas temperatures and exhaust emissions were investigated. The experimental results reveal that the engine brake thermal efficiency and BSFC of the CSO–diesel blended fuels were higher than the pure diesel fuel while at the same time they exhibited a lower SEC than the latter over the entire engine load range. The variations in exhaust gas temperatures between the tested fuels were significant only at medium speed operating conditions. Furthermore, the HC emissions were lower for the CSO–diesel blended fuels than the pure diesel fuel whereas the NO_x emissions were increased remarkably when the engine was fuelled with the 50% CSO–diesel blended fuel.     

Effect of nanoparticle on emission and performance characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with cashew nut shell biodiesel

High-rise in the air pollution levels due to combustion of the fossil fuel gives us the opportunity to discover environmentally friendly and clean fuels for the engines. Biodiesel originated from cashew nut shell oil through transesterification process can be blended or used as a neat fuel in unmodified engines. This work investigates the effect of alumina nanoparticles on emission and performance characteristics of cashew nut shell biodiesel. Neat cashew nut shell biodiesel prepared by conventional transesterification is termed as BD100 and biodiesel prepared by modified transesterification with the addition of alumina nanoparticles is termed as BD100A. Experimental results on unmodified diesel engine revealed that emission parameters such as CO, HC, NOx, and smoke were decreased by 5.3%, 7.4%, 10.23%, and 16.1% for BD100% and 8.8%, 10.1%, 12.4%, and 18.4% for B100A, respectively, compared to diesel fuel. At full load conditions, compared to diesel fuel, the BTE dropped by 1.1% and 2.3%, whereas the BSFC increased by 3.8% and 5.1% for B100A and B100 correspondingly.     

Experimental investigation on diesel engine with diestrol-water micro emulsions

Experiments were conducted on a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine using diesel, biodiesel and biodiesel-diesel-ethanol (diestrol) water micro emulsion fuels to investigate the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of the engine under different load conditions at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. The results indicated that biodiesel and micro emulsion fuels had a higher brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) than that of diesel. A slight improvement in the brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) was observed for micro emulsion fuels. The brake thermal efficiency of biodiesel and micro emulsion fuels were comparable to that of diesel. The emission characteristics like carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO₂), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), nitric oxide (NO) and smoke emissions for biodiesel and micro emulsion fuels were lower than diesel fuel at all load conditions. The cylinder gas pressure of micro emulsion fuels was lower than diesel at low loads but it became almost identical to diesel at medium and full load conditions. The heat release rate for micro emulsion fuels was higher than biodiesel and diesel fuels for all loads. Biodiesel showed shorter ignition delay for the entire load range and the longer ignition delay observed for micro emulsion fuels.     

柴油中溶入甲烷对发动机燃烧排放特性的影响

设计了几种不同甲烷含量的甲烷／柴油混合燃料,在实用柴油机上对它们的燃烧和排放特性进行了试验研究。研究结果表明,根据柴油中甲烷含量的不同,溶气对比油耗和热效率有正反两方面的影响;溶有甲烷的柴油与纯柴油相比有较长的着火滞燃期和较低的最大放热率;柴油中甲烷的溶解量越大,滞燃期越长,最高放热率越低;与纯柴油相比,溶有甲烷柴油的NOx排放降低,HC排放增加;在较高的甲烷溶解度时,NOx和烟度排放能够同时降低。     

Exhaust emission study on neat biodiesel and alcohol blends fueled diesel engine

In this study, neat biodiesel with octanol additive was employed in a diesel engine and its effects on engine emission were studied. The five fuels evaluated were neat palm kernal oil biodiesel, octanol blended with biodiesel by 10%, 20%, and 30% volume, and diesel. All the emissions are reduced by the addition of octanol in biodiesel in all loads owing to the higher oxygen concentration of air/fuel mixtures and improved atomization. Hence, it is concluded that the neat biodiesel and octanol blends can be employed as an alternative fuel for existing unmodified diesel engines owing to its lesser emission characteristics.