易于硬件实现的内嵌图像编码算法

EZBC算法综合利用了子带内和子带间系数的相关性．把零树／零块结构和基于上下文编码的优点有机结合在一起,获得了比SPHIT算法更好的压缩性能,比EBCOT更高的压缩效率。但是EZBC算法编码中的两个排序链表需要很大且非固定的存储空间,这使得EZBC算法的硬件实现非常困难。在EZBC算法的基础上提出了一种易于硬件实现、低存储量、高压缩性能的内嵌零块图像编码算法。该算法利用比特平面节点重要性状态表和上下文查找表来完成整个编码过程和形成上下文。实验结果表明,所提出的算法具有与EZBC算法基本相同的高压缩性能,但所需存储空间约为EZBC算法的四分之一,所以该算法更易于硬件实现。     

基于均匀网格编码量化的超光谱图像自适应压缩

提出一种基于小波系数分类的超光谱图像压缩方法．算法首先将各波段小波分解并将所得子带划分成子块,而后根据子块活动性将其分类．在分类基础上,使用预测差分技术去除谱间冗余,此过程中分别求取各子类的预测系数以反映子带的局部相关性,而后利用均匀网格编码量化方法来量化残差系数序列,最后使用自适应算术编码对量化码字进行熵编码,为使编码器能在所有系数序列中最优地分配比特,本文提出一个基于序列统计特性和网格编码量化器率-失真特性的比特分配算法,实验证明该方法能高效地压缩超光谱图像,表现出优异的压缩性能。     

基于区域最大概率准则的帧内预测模式编码算法

,H.264标准中亮度分量的9种帧内预测模式的序号是预先设定的,这对于具体的视频序列并不是最优的.为了进一步提高帧内编码的效率,通过对帧内预测编码算法的深入研究,利用相邻宏块间的纹理相关性和预测模式的方向性,提出一种新的帧内预测模式编码算法.通过在和当前编码块纹理相关性最大的区域中动态的统计出各个预测模式的使用概率,然后根据预测模式使用概率的大小来计算当前块的最可能编码模式.实验结果表明:与H.264参考模型JM86相比,该算法可以显著提高当前图像块的最优预测模式和最可能预测模式的匹配概率,使预测模式信息编码所需要的比特数平均减少5%～7%,从而降低了编码后的码率,而峰值信噪比(PSNR)基本保持不变.     

基于尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波红外图像去噪

提出了一种基于尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波变换红外图像去噪方法.首先对红外图像进行离散平稳小波变换,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,利用不同尺度小波系数形成的系数向量,通过线性最小均方误差估计小波系数,获得各个高频子带的估计系数,再利用小波系数尺度内的邻域相关性对小波系数进行修正,然后通过小波反变换得到去噪图像.仿真结果表明,考虑尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波红外图像去噪算法能有效地去除红外图像噪声,在信噪比和视觉质量上要优于单纯考虑尺度间相关性的去噪方法.     

嵌入式块编码的快速算法和结构

为了更加有效地解决JPEG2000位平面编码算法实现的低效问题,提出了一种快速的基于字级顺序的嵌入式块编码方法。新的编码方法采用对样本的编码通道预测和样本的上下文形成并行流水线执行的技术,实现了对一个子块系数的所有位平面多通道编码的一次扫描顺序完成。提出了一种新的实现字级顺序且多字并行的高速结构,能够在一个时钟周期同时执行对一个条带列4个系数的上下文形成,完成对一个N×N子块系数的上下文形成只需大约N2/4个时钟周期。理论分析和实验结果表明,新的结构比较同类最新设计具有更快的数据处理能力和良好的加速比成本的性能。     

小波域内的分形视频编码方案

探讨了使用分形映射实现小波子带系数自量化编码的改进方案。利用小波系数父子节点之间的相似性，对Ｒａｎｇｅ块进行快速的分形匹配，并且在算法中采用了ＤＰＣＭ、算术编码；对视频序列则采用条件补充帧间编码，以减少算法运算量。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于小波变换和四叉树的图像分形编码算法研究

提出利用小波变换和分形编码的优势,进行图像压缩编码.最低分辨率子带进行失真较小的均匀量化编码.对高分辨率子带设定系数阈值,小波系数小于等于系数阈值则直接置零;大于系数阈值的块采用四叉树算法进行分形编码,如果误差小于等于误差阈值,则记录分形编码参数,如果误差大于误差阈值,则进行四叉树分裂.对算法进行了matlab仿真,实验表明解码图像质量和运算速度都有较大改善.     

一种基于2D／3D混合自适应预测的高光谱图像无损压缩方法

利用高光谱图像具有较强谱间相关性的特点，本文提出了一种基于2D／3D混合自适应预测的高光谱图像无损压缩方法，首先根据相关系数计算波段预测顺序，通过局部纹理分析进行二维空间预测，采用基于神经网络模型的自适应预测方法进行三维预测，然后利用预测波段与当前波段间邻域块的相关性对二维预测和三维预测的结果进行校正，对预测残差采用基于上下文模型的Golomb编码．实验结果表明，应用于四种不同遥感器所获取的图像，该方法都能够有效的去除高光谱图像的空间和谱间相关性，与无损压缩国际标准JPEG-LS和3D-APA算法相比，压缩后的平均比特率均有明显降低．     

基于尺度间和尺度内相关陛的平稳小波红外图像去噪

提出了一种基于尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波变换红外图像去噪方法。首先对红外图像进行离散平稳小波变换,分别对各个分解层的高频子带,利用不同尺度小波系数形成的系数向量,通过线性最小均方误差估计小波系数,获得各个高频子带的估计系数,再利用小波系数尺度内的邻域相关性对小波系数进行修正,然后通过小波反变换得到去噪图像。仿真结果表明,考虑尺度间和尺度内相关性的平稳小波红外图像去噪算法能有效地去除红外图像噪声,在信噪比和视觉质量上要优于单纯考虑尺度间相关性的去噪方法。     

小波系数相关特性及其在分层结构编码中的应用

分层树结构的编码和预测编码都是小波图像压缩中较为有效的方法,本文将就不同子带间及相同子带中小波系数的关联性作一探讨,提出了一种基于预测的分层结构编码算法(PBW),并对预测方程的选择进行了研究.实验结果表明,PBW算法是目前较为有效的算法之一.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.