欧洲可再生能源开发利用情况

欧洲统计局1991年公布的官方数字称,欧盟可再生能源对一次能源的贡献是7%,对能源总消耗量的贡献是3.7%.这些数字是根据水能、风能等就核能的油当量算得的,比用33%卡诺转换效率算得的数字大2倍.1995年,W.Palz取各种非矿物燃料发电量的等效卡诺效率为38.5%,算得可再生能源对一次能源的贡献为10.16%,对能量消耗总量的贡献是5.6%;如果把奥地利、芬兰和瑞典排除在外,则相应的数字变为14.4%和7.8%. 普遍认为,可再生能源在欧盟中的未来作用会更大.欧洲统计局近年来一直在做这方面的统计工作,得到欧洲委员会的大力支持.但是,有人认为(如W.Palz)欧洲统计局采用的统计方法是有问题的,这里对Palz的观点加以介绍.     

以色列可再生能源的开发和利用

综述了以色列可再生能源的研究，开发和利用状况，介绍了有亲机构的研究开发活动。     

新疆可再生能源开发利用程度低

与丰富的可再生能源资源潜力相比，新疆对可再生能源的开发利用尚处在初始阶段。     

中国可再生能源开发利用现状及趋势

一、现状1997年,中国的能源消费量达到14．2亿tce,成为继美国的第二大能源消费国。在过去的15年中,中国能源消费年增长率为5～6％,对应的GDP年增长率10％左右。中国能源消费主要是煤炭,占商品能源的76％,其次是油16％,水电5％,天然气2％。随着国民经济的增长,预计到2020年,煤炭消费量将增长三倍,石油和天然气消费量也将有较大增长。化石燃料使用过程中产生严重的大气污染,同时也给水和土壤带来污染。大气污染也是中国南方酸雨形成的主要原因,同时也对森林、农作物和水产业造成严重损害。以化石燃料为主的能源消费结构也导致…     

韩国新能源和可再生能源的开发利用

韩国新能源和可再生能源的开发利用海风韩国由于缺乏能源，主要依靠进口石油，在７０年代，受到石油危机的冲击。为了保证能源供应，韩国在７０年代末开始寻找可替代能源，制订了新能源和可再生能源开发计划。在８０年代初，韩国开发可替代能源主要集中在核能、清洁煤和液...     

内蒙古农村牧区可再生能源的开发与应用

根据内蒙古自治区特殊的地理气候条件、农牧业生产实际及农村牧区可再生能源利用情况，对本地区农村牧区可再生能源建设中存在的一些技术问题，提出解决方案。     

我国新能源和可再生能源

一基本情况２１世纪，作为人类社会发展基础的能源在结构上将会发生根本的变化。以化石燃料为主体的能源体系将会过渡到以新能源和可再生能源为主体的新型能源体系。能源结构的根本变化同时给生态环境，人们生活和工作方式以及社会文明带来意想不到的深刻变化。这既是人类能源发展的必然趋势，也是人类社会向更高文明发展的重要标志。１９９９年４月，科技部根据国务院的指示，把“中国后续能源发展战略研究”作为国家重点研究课题。研究结果表明：２１世纪我国能源结构的变化与世界能源一致，呈多元化趋势，而新能源和可再生能源将逐步登上…     

Resource potential and scope of utilization of renewable energy in Jammu and Kashmir, India

Jammu and Kashmir the northern most state of India is blessed with immense potential for utilization of renewable energy. The state at present is fairly untapped in terms of energy utilization and thus venturing into this region would definitely prove to be profitable. The natural energy sources like sunshine, wind, vegetation, water flow, biomass and other biological wastes though abundantly available in the state yet are not being potentially harnessed resulting in very low per capita energy availability, deforestation and poor health. Renewable energy acquires a promising option not only for energy availability next view and of environment protection but also the socio-economic conditions of the people residing in these areas can be improved to a great extent. The hydroelectric power has tremendous potential for generation of electricity in the state because the topography of the state provides extensive network of canals and streams. This paper describes the resource potential and opportunity to enter the market and bring more renewable energy projects in the form of solar, biomass derived fuels, biogas and hydroelectric in the state.     

热泵技术与可再生能源的开发利用

目前,可再生能源和热泵技术受到广泛的重视.通过对可再生能源与热泵关系的分析以及对热泵低温热能采集方式的论述表明,可再生能源是热泵低温热源的主要来源,而热泵是可再生能源低温热利用最有效的方式,热泵技术的利用极大地拓展了可再生能源的利用范围.     

Urban form and renewable energy potential

Urban form, i.e., the layout, density, shape and orientation of buildings within the street grid of a city, affects greatly the potential of using renewable energy sources such as sun and wind for electricity production and climatisation of buildings. This paper outlines the framework of the European research Project PRECis (assessing the Potential for Renewable Energy in Cities) and, in particular, the role of the Polytechnic University of Turin in that Project.     

Assessment of renewable energy resources potential in Oman and identification of barrier to their significant utilization

Oman relies on gas and oil resources fuels for almost all of its energy needs. Almost 99% of its power generation is based on natural gas. However, the country's natural gas supplies are currently largely committed, and it may become a net importer soon. Therefore, there is a need to look for alternative energy resources. This paper presents a review of the assessed potential of renewable resources and practical limitations to their considerable use in the perspective of present scenarios and future projections of the national energy for Oman. Solar and wind are likely to play an important role in the future energy in Oman provided that clear policies are established by the higher authority for using renewable energy resources. Rural Areas Electric Company has initiated solar and wind pilot projects in its concession area to confirm the performance and efficiency of renewable technologies in local conditions.     

Spatial mapping of renewable energy potential

An energy resource that is renewed by nature and whose supply is not affected by the rate of consumption is often termed as renewable energy. The need to search for renewable, alternate and non-polluting sources of energy assumes top priority for self-reliance in the regional energy supply. This demands an estimation of available energy resources spatially to evolve better management strategies for ensuring sustainability of resources. The spatial mapping of availability and demand of energy resources would help in the integrated regional energy planning through an appropriate energy supply–demand matching. This paper discusses the application of Geographical Information System (GIS) to map the renewable energy potential talukwise in Karnataka State, India. Taluk is an administrative division in the federal set-up in India to implement developmental programmes like dissemination of biogas, improved stoves, etc. Hence, this paper focuses talukwise mapping of renewable energy (solar, wind, bioenergy and small hydroenergy) potential for Karnataka using GIS. GIS helps in spatial and temporal analyses of the resources and demand and also aids as Decision Support System while implementing location-specific renewable energy technologies.Regions suitable for tapping solar energy are mapped based on global solar radiation data, which provides a picture of the potential. Coastal taluks in Uttara Kannada have higher global solar radiation during summer (6.31 kWh/m²), monsoon (4.16 kWh/m²) and winter (5.48 kWh/m²). Mapping of regions suitable for tapping wind energy has been done based on wind velocity data, and it shows that Chikkodi taluk, Belgaum district, has higher potential during summer (6.06 m/s), monsoon (8.27 m/s) and winter (5.19 m/s). Mysore district has the maximum number of small hydropower plants with a capacity of 36 MW. Talukwise computation of bioenergy availability from agricultural residue, forest, horticulture, plantation and livestock indicates that Channagiri taluk in Shimoga district yields maximum bioenergy. The bioenergy status analysis shows that Siddapur taluk in Uttara Kannada district has the highest bioenergy status of 2.004 (ratio of bioresource availability and demand).     

英国积极发展可再生能源

从英国威尔士的里尔海岸向北望去,映入你眼帘是耸立在辽阔海面上的一排白色的巨大风车。这就英国的北霍伊尔海洋风力发电农场,它由３０台风力轮发电机组成,能够生产可供５万个家庭使用的电,这一发电能力就意味着每年可减少１８万吨的二氧物排放。英国是一个风力资源丰富的国家。研究人员称,如英国的陆地风力资源得到充分利用,可生产英国所电力的２０％;如海洋风力资源得到充分利用,可满足国所需的全部电力,而且不会产生温室气体。或许正如此,今年以来,海洋风力发电受到了英国政府的高重视。今年３月,英国首相布莱尔称,政府将增…     

Assessment of new and renewable energy resources potential and identification of barriers to their significant utilization in Pakistan

The paper presents a review of the assessed potential of the renewable resources and practical limitations to their significant use in the context of present scenarios and future projections of the national energy mix for Pakistan. Solar, wind, biomass and micro hydel resources are likely to play an important role in future; however these should be seen as supplementary resources and not as alternatives. IEP approach and consistent policy instruments are needed for sustainable development of RETs.     

都市农业生态系统可再生能源利用模式研究

文章以北京市蟹岛生态系统能源利用方式为例，研究了在都市农业生态系统内，地热能、生物质能、太阳能等可再生能源的开发利用模式，结果表明，可再生能源的有效利用是蟹岛生态系统的最大特色。以可再生能源利用为主导的“多能互补”能源利用模式极大地降低了不可再生能源的消耗量，对系统能流、物流的合理转换和生态平衡具有重要意义，取得了良好的经济、环保和社会效益，为能源的多元化利用提供了一种可借鉴思路。