热处理对低Co贮氢合金Ml(NiCoMnAlFe)_5电化学性能的影响

系统研究了热处理对低Co贮氢电极合金Ml(NiCoMnAlFe) 5 电化学性能的影响。结果表明 ,铸态合金的放电容量为 2 97mA·h/g ,经 2 68次充放电循环后的容量保持率为 68% ;经热处理后 ,合金的放电容量提高至30 2mA·h/g ,2 68次充放电循环后的容量保持率提高至 80 % ,热处理提高了合金的放电容量和循环稳定性 ;同时发现热处理会导致合金高倍率放电特性的恶化。XRD测试表明 ,热处理降低了晶格应力与晶格缺陷 ,改善了合金的成分均匀性 ,从而提高了合金的放电容量和循环稳定性。     

热处理温度对AB_5型MlNi3.60Co0.85Mn0.40Al0.15贮氢电极合金微结构和电化学性能的影响

研究了铸态及经加热温度为 12 73～ 13 73K、保温时间 8h和水冷处理后AB5型MlNi3 .60Co 0 .85Mn0 .4 0Al0 .15贮氢电极合金的微结构和电化学性能。结果表明 :铸态合金的显微组织为典型的树枝晶结构 ,经 12 73K处理后合金的显微组织仍为树枝晶 ,但树枝结构不明显 ,经 13 73K处理后合金的显微组织为柱状晶 ;与铸态合金相比 ,经 12 73K处理后合金的活化性能降低 ,电化学容量和高倍率放电性能基本保持不变 ,循环寿命改善 ;经 13 73K处理的合金活化性能降低 ,电化学容量明显减小 ,高倍率放电性能降低 ,循环寿命显著改善。热处理引起合金电化学性能的变化与合金的微结构的改变有关     

热处理对包含正二十面体准晶相Ti_(1.4)V_(0.6)Ni合金电极的电化学性能的影响(英文)

研究了热处理前后Ti1.4V0.6Ni合金的结构和电化学性能。采用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)方法分析合金的结构。电化学特性包括放电容量、循环稳定性和高倍率放电性能等。XRD衍射分析表明,在590°C热处理30min的合金,主要包含正二十面体准晶相、Ti2Ni(FCC)相、V基固溶相(BCC)和C14Laves相(Hex)。电化学测试显示,热处理后在30°C和放电电流密度为30mA/g的条件下,合金电极的最大放电容量可达330.9mA·h/g,并且循环稳定性和高倍率放电性能也得到改善。此外,通过电化学阻抗和合金内部氢的扩散系数研究了合金电极的动力学性能。     

热处理对LPC（NiCOAlMn）5.0贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

研究了673，1173，1373K热处理对贮氢合金活化性能，放电容量以及高倍率放电等电化学性能的影响。结果表明：1173，1373K热处理后，合金充放电循环稳定性及高倍率放电性能得到改善；其中1173K热处理合金的在0．4C充放电时最大放电容量与铸态合金相比没有下降，而循环稳定性及高倍率放电性能有明显的改善，具有优良的综合电化学性能。     

新型储氢合金电极Ti_3Ni_2的电化学性能

研究了新型储氢合金电极 Ti3Ni2 的电化学性能。实验结果表明 :Ti3Ni2 合金电极的最大放电容量达到384.4m Ah/ g(35 3K) ,相当于 Ti3Ni2 H3.7;在 2 78K,最大容量为 145 .5 m Ah/ g,相当于 Ti3Ni2 H1 .47。高温条件下(35 3K)放电曲线有 2个平台 ,在温度比较低时 ,放电曲线只有 1个平台 ;与 Ml(Ni Co Mn A1) 5 合金相比 ,Ti3Ni2 合金电极的动力学性能不好。此外 ,温度对 Ti3Ni2 合金电极的电化学性能影响明显。在温度比较高的条件下 ,合金的放电容量、动力学特性、荷电保持能力均有大幅改善。     

混合稀土贮氢合金(Ml)_x(Ni_(3.8)Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.4)Ti_(0.05))相结构与性能的研究

对 (Ml) x(Ni3.8Co0 .75Mn Ti0 .0 5)合金 (x =0 .90～ 1 .1 0 )的相结构 ,热力学性能及合金电极的充放电性能进行了研究。结果表明 :在 x <1 .0 0的成分范围内 ,合金保持单一的 La Ni5相 ;当 x≥ 1 .0 0时 ,合金中析出多种第二相 ,且总量随 x的增加而增多。随着 x的增加 ,合金的晶胞体积及氢化物生成焓 (-ΔH )增大 ,吸放氢平台压力降低 ,宽度增加。合金的最大放电容量在 x =1 .0 0 时达到最大值 (30 7.7m Ah/g)。x <1 .0 0 合金的循环稳定性优于 x≥ 1 .0 0 合金。     

Mm_(0.3)Ml_(0.7)Ni_(3.55)Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.3)/x wt%Ni储氢合金电极电化学性能研究

采用不同的负极片制作方法制备了储氢Mm_(0.3)Ml_(0.7)Ni_(3.55)Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.3)合金电极,在夹片式三电极系统中,利用电化学性能测试方法对电极的活化性能、放电容量、高倍率放电能力等进行了测试。结果表明,采用干法时电极的5个平行样的放电容量均高于湿法且活化快,电极中羟基镍粉能有效降低活化次数;电极在所设计的成分范围内,随着电极中羟基镍粉含量的增加,电极的最大放电容量呈现上升趋势,对应成分电极的放电容量处于300~344 mAh/g,比湿法的容量增加3.8%~19.0%;添加不同质量分数的羟基Ni粉,能够有效的提高合金电极在不同大电流下高倍率放电能力;Mm_(0.3)Ml_(0.7)Ni_(3.55)Co_(0.75)Mn_(0.4)Al_(0.3)/200 wt%Ni电极的放电特性最好。     

热处理对Ml（NiCoMnAl）4／76合金的电化学性能的影响

研究了热处理对Ｍｌ（ＮｉＣｏＭｎＡｌ）４．７６合金电化学性能的影响。结果表明：在１１７３Ｋ～１３７３Ｋ下适当的热处理可以显著提高贮氢合金电极的放电容量和高倍率放电性能;铸态合金的放电容量为３１０Ａｈ／ｋｇ,放电电流密度ｉｄ＝３００Ａ／ｋｇ时,高倍率放电率ＨＲＤ３００＝９１％,ｉｄ＝１２００Ａ／ｋｇ时,ＨＲＤ１２００＝３５％;经１１７３Ｋ,１０ｈ热处理的合金容量提高到３２７Ａｈ／ｋｇ,ＨＲＤ３００提     

Zr_(0.8)Ti_(0.2)(Ni_(0.6)Mn_(0.2)V_(0.2)Cr_(0.05))_x贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的研究

研究了Zr0.8Ti0.2(Ni0.6Mn0.2V0.2Cr0.05)x(x=1.8～2.4)贮氢合金中化学计量x对晶体结构和电化学性能的影响。结果表明:随着x值的增大,合金中C14相含量逐渐减少,C15相含量逐渐增加,C14和C15相的晶格常数均线性减小;随着x值的增大,合金电极的活化性能提高,高倍率放电性能和放电容量均先升高,至x=2.2时达到最大值(最大放电容量为370mAh/g);超化学计量合金电极的循环寿命随x值的增大而降低,但当x<2.2时,经充放电循环500次以后容量保持率仍在80%左右。当化学计量值x等于2.2时,合金电极的综合电化学性能最好。     

退火对(La_(0.8)Nd_(0.2))_2Mg(Ni_(0.8-x)Co_(0.1)Mn_(0.1)Al_x)_9合金储氢性能的影响

(La0.8Nd0.2)2Mg(Ni0.8-xCo0.1Mn0.1Alx)9(x=0~0.15)系列合金经退火处理,合金电极具有较好的活化性能,经1~4次充放电循环就可达到最大放电容量,合金电极的最大放电容量Cmax得到提高,最大值为399.2 mA·h/g(x=0)。并随着Al替代量的增加,合金电极的吸放氢平台压降低,而吸氢滞后增大。同时,退火处理能明显改善合金电极的循环稳定性,经60次充放电循环后,合金电极的容量保持率(S60)最大值为76.7%(x=0.1)。     

Assessment of intergranular corrosion (IGC) in 316(N) stainless steel using electrochemical noise (EN) technique

In the present work, an attempt was made to demonstrate the use of electrochemical noise (EN) technique in assessment of intergranular corrosion (IGC) in 316(N) stainless steel (SS). Degree of sensitization (DOS) in the specimens aged at 923 K for 24, 40, 50 and 100 h was determined using double loop electrochemical potentiodynamic reactivation (DLEPR) technique. Immediately after applying a prior preconditioning treatment, current and potential noise measurements were made. The DOS was determined from standard deviation of current noise (σ_I) versus time plot and it was found to bear a good correlation with the values obtained by DLEPR. Shot noise analysis of the EN data confirmed the above results.     

The effect of glow discharge plasma on the surface properties of Poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) film

In the present work, Poly (ethylene terephthalate) films have been exposed to glow discharge air plasma to improve their surface properties for technical applications. Surface energy values have been estimated using contact angle value for different exposure times and different test liquids. Surface composition and morphology of the films were analyzed by XPS and AFM. Crystallinity of the plasma treated samples were studied by XRD analysis. The improvement in adhesive strength was studied by measuring T-peel strength and lap shear strength tests. It was found that the plasma treatment modified the surfaces both in chemical composition and morphology. Change of chemical composition made the polymer surfaces to be highly hydrophilic, which mainly depends on the increase in oxygen-containing groups. The AFM and XRD observation showed that the surface roughness and crystallinity of the PET film increased due to plasma treatment.     

Coprecipitation thermodynamics of iron(II-III) hydroxysulphate green rust from Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts

Iron(II-III) hydroxysulphate GR(SO₄²⁻) was prepared by precipitating a mixture of Fe(II) and Fe(III) sulphate solutions with NaOH, accompanied in most cases by iron(II) hydroxide, spinel iron oxide(s) or goethite. Its [Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)] ratio determined by transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy was 2±0.2, whatever the initial [Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)] ratio in solution. Proportion of Fe(OH)₂ increased when the initial [Fe(II)]/[Fe(III)] ratio increased, whereas proportion of α-FeOOH or spinel oxide(s) increased when this ratio decreased. GR(SO₄²⁻) is metastable vs. Fe₃O₄ except in a limited domain around neutral pH. Precipitation from solutions containing both Fe(II) and Fe(III) dissolved species seems to favour GRs formation with respect to stable systems involving iron (oxyhydr)oxides.     

Electrochemical etching of AA5083 aluminium alloy in trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ionic liquid

Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([P_6,6,6,14][NTf₂]) ionic liquid is shown to react with AA5083 aluminium alloy under a two-step anodic polarisation, leading to partial passivation of the surface. Surface characterisation established that an electrochemical etching process had occurred, comparable to acid etching of aluminium. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that magnesium de-alloyed from Mg₂Si intermetallic particles and metal fluorides were deposited onto the remaining Mg₂Si sites, leading to a decrease in the anodic corrosion kinetics (to one third of that of the control) as well as a 100 mV vs. SCE increase in the corrosion and pitting potentials.     

Galvanic corrosion of polyacrylnitrile (PAN) and pitch based short carbon fibres in polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites

When an electric current is conducted through a short fibre reinforced polyetheretherketone composite, being in contact with a stainless steel electrode, carbon fibre corrosion occurs. Surface analysis shows that structural defects range from debonding events and fibre cracking in the early stage of the corrosion process to the final disintegration of the fibre. The extent of fibre corrosion is quantified by atomic force microscopy, and the influence of fibre type, fibre volume content and the aqueous medium on the fibre corrosion is reported. Overall, polyacrylnitrile based fibres have a higher corrosion resistance than pitch based ones.     

Corrosion behavior of Cr electrodeposited from Cr(VI) and Cr(III)-baths using direct (DCD) and pulse electrodeposition (PED) techniques

A comparison was made between the electrochemical corrosion behaviors of chromium deposited from hexavalent [Cr(VI)] and trivalent [Cr(III)] chromium baths using direct current (DCD) and pulse electro deposited (PED) techniques. Chromium coatings were deposited on mild-steel (MS) substrate. The corrosion behavior of both DCD and PED chromium from Cr(VI) and Cr(III)-baths in 3.5%NaCl solution was studied using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results indicated that PED chromium from Cr(VI) and Cr(III)-baths have higher charge-transfer resistance R_ct and very low I_corr than that of DCD chromium on mild-steel substrate.     

Solution chemistry of Mo(III) and Mo(IV): Thermodynamic foundation for modeling localized corrosion

To investigate the behavior of molybdenum dissolution products in systems that approximate localized corrosion environments, solubility of Mo(III) in equilibrium with solid MoO₂ has been determined at 80 °C as a function of solution acidity, chloride concentration and partial pressure of hydrogen. The measurements indicate a strong increase in solubility with acidity and chloride concentration and a weak effect of hydrogen partial pressure. The obtained results have been combined with literature data for systems containing Mo(III), Mo(IV), and Mo(VI) in solutions to develop a comprehensive thermodynamic model of aqueous molybdenum chemistry. The model is based on a previously developed framework for simulating the properties of electrolyte systems ranging from infinite dilution to solid saturation or fused salt limit. To reproduce the measurements, the model assumes the presence of a chloride complex of Mo(III) (i.e., MoCl²⁺) and hydrolyzed species (MoOH²⁺, Mo(OH)₂⁺, and Mo(OH)₃⁰) in addition to the Mo³⁺ ion. The model generally reproduces the experimental data within experimental scattering and provides a tool for predicting the phase behavior and speciation in complex, concentrated aqueous solutions. Thus, it provides a foundation for simulating the behavior of molybdenum species in localized corrosion environments.     

Synthesis and properties of μ-cyano(phthalocyaninato)-rhodium(III)

This contribution reports on the synthesis of μ-cyano(phthalocyaninato)rhodium(III), [PcRhCN]_n (1), by splitting off potassium cyanide from potassium(dicyano)phthalocyaninatorhodium(III), K[PcRh(CN)₂] (2). Monomeric complexes, PcRh(L)CN (7), were formed when [PcRhCN]_n (1) was treated with base molecules L, such as n-butylamine and pyridine. All compounds were characterized by IR, far-IR spectroscopy, thermal and elemental analyses, and partly by UV, ¹H-NMR and FD (field desorption) mass spectroscopy. The undoped polymer [PcRhCN]_n (1) exhibits a d.c. dark conductivity of 4 × 10^?4 S/cm, which was diminished by eight orders of magnitude when the polymeric structure was decomposed by treatment with a competing ligand.     

Ion implantation studies of (SN)x and (CH)x

We report the results of the initial investigation of the application of ion implantation for the “doping” of the electroactive polymers, (SN)_x and (CH)_x. Increases in conductivity have been measured for some (CH)_x samples after being implanted. Evidence for the formation of a discrete chemical species has been observed in the case of (CH)_x implanted with Br⁺ ions. Advantages and drawbacks associated with this technique are discussed.