PEEK与纳米SiO_2填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

通过机械共混、冷压成型、烧结的方法制备聚醚醚酮(PEEK)与纳米Si O2颗粒共同填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料试样。利用MRH-3型环-块摩擦磨损实验机对不同配方比例的复合材料在不同实验条件下进行摩擦学性能实验。利用扫描电镜对试样磨损后的摩擦表面形貌和钢环表面的转移膜进行观察和分析。结果表明,填充5%PEEK的PTFE复合材料的摩擦系数达到最低值;10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料中添加不同体积比的纳米Si O2填料可以显著地降低材料的体积磨损率,其中5%Nano-Si O2/10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料的体积磨损率最小;载荷和速度的变化对Nano-Si O2/PEEK/PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响显著,而环境温度的变化对该复合材料的摩擦系数与磨损率的影响不明显。     

纳米Al2O3填料增强PEEK-PTFE复合材料基于环-块摩擦结构的摩擦过程研究

本研究旨在探索纳米Al_2O_3填料增强PEEK-PTFE复合材料摩擦过程中摩擦学性能的演变规律。用不同体积比的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)和纳米Al_2O_3对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)进行填充改性,经专用模具冷压、烧结炉烧结成型制备得到复合材料样品。利用MRH-3型高速环-块摩擦试验机进行摩擦磨损性能测试,获取不同阶段摩擦学性能数据,计算出整个摩擦实验过程中样品的瞬时磨损率。利用扫描电镜(SEM)和仿真模拟软件(ABAQUS)分别对摩擦过程中对偶钢环表面形貌的演化和复合材料的接触应力变化进行分析。结果表明:PEEK和纳米Al_2O_3可以协同提高PTFE的抗磨损性能,其中10%PEEK/PTFE具有最佳的抗磨损性能(3.69×10~(-6)mm~3/(N·m))和最低的摩擦系数(0.19)。添加5%的纳米Al_2O_3后,复合材料的硬度和热扩散系数有了显著提高。材料的瞬时磨损率在摩擦过程中呈先增大再降低最后保持平稳的变化趋势。试样的接触压力在摩擦初期随磨损量的增大而急剧降低,后期则逐渐趋于稳定。     

纳米ZrO_2和聚醚醚酮填充聚四氟乙烯的摩擦学性能基于环-块摩擦模型的演变过程

用不同体积分数的纳米ZrO_2和聚醚醚酮(PEEK)颗粒填充改性聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料。使用环-块摩擦磨损试验机测试PTFE复合材料在滑动速度为2 m/s、载荷为200 N的试验条件下的摩擦学性能。获取不同阶段摩擦学性能的数据,计算出在整个试验过程中样品的瞬时磨损率。利用扫描电镜观察不同试验阶段对偶钢环表面形貌的变化图像并进行分析。利用仿真模拟软件(ABAQUS)对摩擦过程中PTFE复合材料的接触应力变化进行分析。结果表明,纳米ZrO_2和PEEK颗粒可以协同改善PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能。特别是添加8%的纳米ZrO_2和20%的PEEK能使PTFE复合材料同时获得最佳的耐磨性(1.29×10~(-6) mm~3/Nm)和较低的摩擦系数。在摩擦试验的后期PTFE复合材料的瞬时磨损率突然急剧上升。根据瞬时磨损率、磨损表面、转移膜形貌和磨屑形态特征的变化规律,将整个磨损过程分为3个阶段(低磨损阶段、过渡磨损阶段和严重磨损阶段)。     

烧结温度对石墨烯填充聚醚醚酮/聚四氟乙烯摩擦磨损性能的影响

为探究石墨烯填充聚醚醚酮/聚四氟乙烯（PEEK/PTFE）复合材料制备过程中烧结温度对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,基于分子动力学模拟研究方法,分别构建10%PEEK/PTFE和1%石墨烯/10%PEEK/PTFE体系模型,通过模拟复合材料制备过程中不同的烧结温度,得到复合材料对应的力学和摩擦学性能相关参数。在不同烧结温度制得10%PEEK/PTFE和1%石墨烯/10%PEEK/PTFE样品,进行了摩擦磨损试验及磨损形貌分析。结果表明,采用石墨烯填充PEEK/PTFE复合材料可以有效改善复合材料的摩擦磨损特性,不同烧结温度对复合材料分子间作用力、材料力学特性和摩擦特性表现出不同程度的影响,当烧结温度为360℃时,复合材料分子间作用力、材料力学特性和摩擦特性均达到峰值。     

纳米TiO2填充聚醚砜酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用热压成型的方法制备了纳米TiO2填充聚醚砜酮(PPESK)复合材料，在MM—2000摩擦磨损试验机上考察了干摩擦条件下纳米TiO2含量以及试验载荷对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响，并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察分析PPESK及纳米TiO2／PPESK复合材料磨损表面形貌及磨损机理。结果表明，添加少量纳米TiO2即可以明显提高PPESK的耐磨性，当纳米TiO2含量超过2．5％(体积)时，其耐磨性随填料含量变化不明显，载荷对纳米TiO2填充PPESK复合材料磨损率的影响不大。在低含量时(＜2．5％)，纳米TiO2具有减摩效果，高含量时反而比未填充时大；随量载荷的增加，填充PPESK的摩擦系数显著降低。     

载荷、转速、温度对填充PTFE材料摩擦磨损性能影响的研究

研究聚酰亚胺、石墨填充PTFE复合材料,将复合材料和HT250材料配副,利用MMU-10G摩擦磨损试验机测量在不同载荷、不同转速的工况下,摩擦副摩擦系数、体积磨损率、温度的变化情况。然后用JSM-5600LV扫描电子显微镜对磨损后的试样表面和对偶件表面进行形貌分析。结果表明,填充PTFE摩擦学性能明显优于纯PTFE;用聚酰亚胺和石墨填充PTFE复合材料在试验过程中,载荷、转速均存在极限值,当载荷超过300 N,转速超过1 500 r/min时,摩擦系数和体积磨损率同时大幅度提高;同时当试样表面温度超过140℃时,复合材料形成的转移膜会出现烧灼。     

Ekonol和nano-TiO2改性聚四氟乙烯的摩擦磨损性能

采用纳米TiO2和Ekonol填充改性聚四氟乙烯,研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,并讨论了磨损机理.研究表明:Ekonol含量为20%时,磨损率最低,仅为0.98×10-6mm3/(N·m).纳米TiO2的存在能够很好地改善10%Ekonol/PTFE复合材料的耐磨性能,纳米TiO2含量为6%时,复合材料的磨损率大大降低...     

不同聚合物填充PTFE复合材料的摩擦学性能研究

利用机械共混,冷压成型,烧结等工艺制备了四种聚四氟乙烯复合材料,并利用MRH-3型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷200N,滑动速度2m/s下复合材料的摩擦磨损性能。采用JSM-6700扫描电子显微镜观察分析了转移膜形貌及磨损机理。实验结果表明,PEEK、AF、PI的加入都能有效地提高PTFE的压缩强度和压缩模量。10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料的平均摩擦系数最小,5%PI/10%PEEK/PTFE复合材料耐磨性最好,其耐磨性较纯PTFE提高了630倍。     

混杂填料增强PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

利用M-2000型摩擦磨损试验机考察了载荷以及纳米TiO2/SiO2与玻璃纤维的混合填料对PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜观察了复合材料磨损后的表面形貌.结果表明:纳米材料与玻璃纤维的协同作用显著改善了材料的摩擦磨损性能,其中纳米TiO2与玻纤填充复合材料的耐磨性较好,磨损量降低了2～3个数量级,其磨损机制是低载荷下为磨粒磨损.高载荷下为疲劳磨损;纳米SiO2与玻纤填充复合材料的摩擦系数与PTFE相近,磨损机制是低载荷下为磨粒磨损,高载荷下为粘着磨损和表面微犁削磨损.     

纳米金刚石与聚醚醚酮填充改性聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用模压-烧结方法制备了纳米金刚石(ND)与聚醚醚酮(PEEK)填充改性的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,并研究了复合材料的摩擦磨损性能及其微观结构。结果表明,随着PEEK含量增加到20%(质量分数),复合材料的耐磨性显著提高;而较低填充量的ND可以在降低复合材料摩擦系数的情况下提高其耐磨性能。1.0%ND/20%(质量分数)PEEK/PTFE复合材料的减摩耐磨性能优良,与纯PTFE相比,该复合材料的摩擦系数下降约20%,耐磨性能提高120倍,原子力显微分析表明该复合材料中ND分布均匀。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to