HDPE-g-MAH对HDPE/石墨导热复合材料性能的影响

针对高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/石墨复合材料中石墨与HDPE的相容性差,复合材料性能较差的缺点,采用3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷对石墨进行表面改性,然后以HDPE-g-MAH作为HDPE与石墨的相容剂,研究了其对HDPE/石墨导热复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当HDPE-g-MAH用量为3%(质量分数,下同)时,HDPE/石墨复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别从未加HDPE-g-MAH时的25.0 MPa和5.9 J/m2提高到27.1 MPa和6.9 J/m2。SEM结果显示,HDPE-g-MAH改善了HDPE与石墨的界面结合情况。接触角和表面能结果进一步证明,HDPE-g-MAH改善了石墨在HDPE基体中的分散性,石墨在HDPE中的团聚减少。     

光棒废料中提取的白炭黑的疏水化改性

为找出光纤预制棒废料中提取的白炭黑的改性效果好的硅烷偶联剂,用KH-560、KH-151、KH-171、KH-602和CG-551等10种硅烷偶联剂对该白炭黑进行改性。白炭黑在140℃下活化20 h,将活化的白炭黑3 g分别与10种不同的偶联剂0.3 m L在45 m L二甲苯溶剂中130℃加热搅拌13 h,离心分离后,固体样品加适量的无水乙醇洗涤烘干后即得到改性的白炭黑。改性后样品的沉降性、亲油化度、表面羟基数等实验结果表明,10种硅烷偶联剂都能对白炭黑进行改性,其中KH-560、CG-8030、KH-151、KH-171、KH-172、KH-570对白炭黑的改性效果优于含氨基或巯基的KH-602、KH-792、CG-551、KH-550等。     

聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的力学及吸水性能研究

采用聚乳酸（PLA）及偶联剂马来酸酐（MAPP）对木粉进行改性,研究采用熔融共混方法制备的聚乳酸/木粉复合材料的力学性能、吸水性能、微观特性,以及宏观与微观之间的联系。研究结果表明力学性能方面,随着木粉含量从10g增加到25g,最大拉力增加了4倍,抗拉强度增加了3倍;偶联剂使用后,最大拉力和抗拉强度较未使用前最大增加值都超过了1倍。吸水性能方面,随着木材成分的增加,复合材料的吸水率同时增加,2和24h增重最多分别为2.85%和8.12%;偶联剂的使用降低了复合材料的吸水率,2和24h增重最多分别为0.72%和3.58%。最后使用电子扫描显微镜（SEM）观察发现同样木粉含量,添加偶联剂后界面更加光滑,PLA与木粉之间的粘合更紧密。     

废纸浆增强HDPE复合材料的力学性能

将废旧瓦楞纸板粉碎制浆,与高密度聚乙烯通过注塑成型制备废纸浆/HDPE复合材料。研究了废纸浆含量,相容剂HDPE-g-MAH和LDPE-g-GMA,加工助剂S-105、TKM-M80和Deoflow A对废纸浆/HDPE复合材料力学性能的影响,通过扫描电镜SEM分析了复合材料的冲击断面,结果表明,HDPE-g-MAH和...     

聚乙烯/杨木粉基木塑复合材料的性能研究

目的 研究硅烷偶联剂(KH-550)处理木粉以及微胶囊红磷(HP)阻燃对木塑复合材料(WPC)的性能影响.方法 以杨木粉、低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)和HP为原料,采用二次共混造粒及注射模塑法,制备WPC,通过熔体流动速率(MFR)试验、拉伸试验、TGA谱图分析、Kissinger动力学分析和SEM显微观察研究WPC的性能.结果 采用KH-550处理木粉后,体系的MFR提高了0.01 g/min,拉伸时的最大位移提高了2.59 mm,HP的添加使WPC在分解5％和50％时的温度分别提高了18℃和54℃,KH-550和HP共改性的WPC在420～500℃(主要分解阶段)的表观活化能为153 kJ/mol.结论 采用KH-550处理杨木粉后,使体系的拉伸性能得到有效改善,在添加质量分数为10％的HP后,WPC的阻燃效果得到显著提高.     

聚乙二醇改性相变微胶囊制备MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料物理力学性能

以正十二烷醇（DA）为芯材,密胺树脂（MF）和聚乙二醇改性密胺（PMF）树脂为壁材制备了相变微胶囊（MicroPCMs）,并分别添加到木粉/高密度聚乙烯（WF/HDPE）复合材料中,获得了具有相变蓄热能力的MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料。采用SEM、FTIR和纳米压痕等方法对MicroPCMs的表面形态、力学性能进行了分析与表征,同时对MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的物理力学及热性能进行了测试。结果表明:经聚乙二醇改性后,改性微胶囊（PMF-MicroPCMs）的弹性模量和硬度较未改性微胶囊（MF-MicroPCMs）分别增加了13.9%和30.0%;MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的熔融温度区间（22.2~28.7℃）满足人体舒适温度范围,较纯WF/HDPE复合材料温度变化速率明显减缓;相比纯WF/HDPE复合材料,MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的吸湿性、冲击强度和表面硬度增加,弯曲和拉伸性能下降;PMF-MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料的性能均优于MF-MicroPCMs-WF/HDPE复合材料,且达到了木塑装饰板材的力学性能标准要求。      

离子聚合物改性木粉/HDPE复合材料流变特性

为了提高木塑复合材料（WPC）的加工流动性能,利用离子聚合物改性WPC,通过HAAKE Minilab微量混合流变仪研究了离子聚合物改性木粉/高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的毛细管流变特征。结果表明：添加与未添加离子聚合物的木粉/HDPE均为非牛顿流体中的假塑性流体,均呈现出“剪切变稀”的效应;随着钠离子聚合物含量的增加,改性木粉/HDPE的剪切应力和表观黏度均随着剪切速率的增大呈现降低的趋势,表明钠离子聚合物的加入可以显著改善聚合物熔体的流动特性;添加4wt%的钠离子聚合物和4wt%的锌离子聚合物的木粉/HDPE剪切应力和表观黏度均要低于添加4wt%的偶联剂马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（MAH-g-PE）的WPC的值,表明与MAH-g-PE相比,离子聚合物更能够改善WPC的流动性能,减小熔体流动时HDPE与木粉之间的摩擦阻力;SEM分析表明,添加离子聚合物后HDPE塑料对木粉有很好的包覆效果,没有明显的界面缝隙,且在WPC断面上存在大量的毛刺纤维。     

复配偶联剂对SiO_2/聚四氟乙烯复合材料性能的影响

制备了不同组分配比的氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH550)-苯基三甲氧基硅烷(Z6124)复配偶联剂(KH550-Z6124)改性SiO2/聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料,系统地研究了KH550-Z6124组分配比对复合材料介电性能、吸水率和导热性能的影响。采用Lichtenecker模型计算了SiO2/PTFE复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗理论值,并与实验值进行对比。结果表明:当KH550、Z6124的含量(以SiO2的质量为基准)分别为0.3wt%和1.7wt%时,KH550-Z6124改性SiO2/PTFE复合材料的介电损耗由Z6124改性SiO2/PTFE复合材料的1.7×10-3降低至1.0×10-3,吸水率由0.082 6wt%降低至0.020 3wt%,导热率提高66%;SEM形貌分析发现KH550-Z6124改性SiO2颗粒在PTFE基体中均匀分散,界面连接更紧密;KH550-Z6124改性SiO2/PTFE复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗实验值更接近其理论值。     

硅烷偶联剂改性的木粉/P34HB复合包装材料的制备

目的研究硅烷偶联剂KH550含量对木粉/P34HB复合包装材料性能的影响。采用KH550改性木粉,提高与聚(3-羟基丁酸酯-4-羟基丁酸酯)(P34HB)的结合强度,改善复合材料的力学性能和界面相容性。方法以KH550为改性剂,木粉和P34HB为原料,利用共混热压工艺制备改性木粉/P34HB复合材料;通过对复合材料的形貌进行观察,以及傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重分析(TGA)和力学性能分析,研究KH550质量分数不同时对复合材料界面相容性、力学性能和热性能的影响。结果添加KH550后,复合材料的的界面相容性得到改善;FTIR分析表明,KH550已经成功接枝到木粉中;适量的KH550提高了复合材料的热稳定性;复合材料的储能模量增加;复合材料的力学性能也有所提高。此外还得到了最佳的KH550添加量,即质量分数为0.5%。结论 KH550不仅使得木粉与P34HB的相容性得到改善,同时也增强了复合包装材料的力学性能和热性能。     

机械共混法制备改性氧化石墨烯/天然橡胶复合材料及性能表征

采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),用硅烷偶联剂γ―氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)对氧化石墨烯进行改性,得到改性氧化石墨烯(MGO),并用红外光谱、X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对其进行表征分析。用机械共混的方法制备MGO/天然橡胶(NR)复合材料,研究了MGO/NR复合橡胶的力学性能、动态性能以及动态生热性能,并与GO/NR复合材料性能对比。结果表明,经KH-550改性后的氧化石墨烯能有效地去除部分亲水基团,改善其在天然橡胶中的分散性。随着MGO用量的增加,复合材料的力学性能有所提高,损耗因子和动态温升均有所提高,Payne效应增大。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.     

新闻(英文)

正China and Greece Sign the Standardization Cooperation Agreement Witnessed by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang and Greek Prime Minister Antonis Samaras,AQSIQ Minister Zhi Shuping and ELOT Chairman and Executive Director Angelos Tolkas signed the SAC-ELOT Standardization Cooperation Agreement.The Agreement is one of the critical cooperation documents signed during Li Keqiang’s visit in Greece,encouraging China and Greece to