利用辅助数据的荒漠区高分辨率遥感分类研究

使用美国NAIP高分辨率航空遥感影像,在多尺度、多变量影像分割的基础上,采用决策树方法建立干旱区半干旱区的荒漠分类规则,并结合水系、道路等辅助地理数据进行干旱区半干旱区面向对象遥感分类.选择位于美国亚利桑那州菲尼克斯大都市区的周边典型荒漠地区为实验区,利用河流、道路等辅助数据进行面向对象遥感分类效果要优于单纯依靠遥感影像的分类,能够有效地提取季节性河流和简易道路.研究对美国亚利桑那州菲尼克斯都市区周边的同一荒漠地区进行了实验,利用决策规则有效提取植被和荒地,以及提取简易道路和土壤,分类总精度从常规面向对象分类方法的82.85％提高到92.45％.研究结果表明:本文提出的分类方法对荒漠地区的泥土路和灌木及其整体分类精度有较大提高.利用辅助数据进行遥感分类可以改善特定研究区的高分辨率遥感影像分类精度.     

WorldView卫星16波段影像光谱特征分类

传统的高分辨率遥感卫星光谱分辨率较低,WorldView卫星在8个可见光G近红外多光谱波段的基础上,新增加的８个短波红外(short wave infrared,SWIR)影像,有助于提高影像提取地物信息能力。分析了WorldView卫星的16波段影像上各种地物的光谱特征和分类性能,提出了新的植被指数、水体指数和建成区指数。实验表明,相比于8波段影像,使用16波段影像分类能够显著提高各类地物特别是裸地、建筑物和道路的分类精度,总体精度提高约5.5％。基于16波段设计的新地物特征指数能更好地避免干扰地物,通过简单阈值提取地物,取得较高的提取精度。     

结合纹理特征和边缘信息的遥感影像分类

针对基于光谱信息的遥感监督分类精度低以及分类结果中交界处错分和内部存在小面积图斑的问题,提出了一种结合图像纹理信息的监督分类方法和基于图像边缘信息的分类后处理方法。该方法首先利用彩色的灰度共生矩阵(color gray level co-occurrence matrix,CGLCM)提取图像的纹理信息,并将纹理图像结合原图像各个波段在ENVI 5.1平台下进行监督分类,然后采用Canny边缘检测算法提取原始影像的边缘图像,通过边缘信息对分类结果进行区域统计来改善分类结果。试验结果表明,辅以CGLCM纹理特征的监督分类方法可以有效地提高分类精度,相对于传统的监督分类方法,总Kappa系数提高了0.107 6,精度提高了8.53%。依据边缘信息对分类结果进行处理,有效保留原始影像边缘特征的同时,很好地滤除了分类结果中的小面积图斑。     

CBERS-02星CCD数据土地利用分类方法研究——以江苏省宜兴地区为例

以江苏省宜兴地区为试验区,首先进行了CBERS-02星CCD数据的图像预处理,然后利用ERDASI-MAGINE和Definiens7.0等软件,采用非监督分类、监督分类、混合监督分类、面向对象四种分类方法进行了土地利用分类,并将影像分类结果进行了精度评价分析。结果表明：在一级地类的提取中,面向对象的最邻近分类器的分类精度最低,混合监督分类的精度最高;在二级地类的提取中,面向对象的特征阈值法得到的分类结果较好,能够轻松提取传统分类方法难于提取的地类。     

WorldView卫星16波段影像光谱特征分类

传统的高分辨率遥感卫星光谱分辨率较低,WorldView卫星在8个可见光-近红外多光谱波段的基础上,新增加的8个短波红外(short wave infrared,SWIR)影像,有助于提高影像提取地物信息能力。分析了WorldView卫星的16波段影像上各种地物的光谱特征和分类性能,提出了新的植被指数、水体指数和建成区指数。实验表明,相比于8波段影像,使用16波段影像分类能够显著提高各类地物特别是裸地、建筑物和道路的分类精度,总体精度提高约5.5%。基于16波段设计的新地物特征指数能更好地避免干扰地物,通过简单阈值提取地物,取得较高的提取精度。     

最优尺度下的面向对象建筑物提取北大核心CSCD

针对基于面向对象方法提取建筑物准确度与精度不高的问题,提出了一种面积方差最优尺度分割法。该方法利用SPOT 5卫星遥感影像,根据建筑物特征对影像进行多尺度分割,以所有类别分割对象与实际目标匹配程度作为衡量的依据获得最优尺度。在不同尺度等级的对象层次上,根据对象的多特征组合,完成对建筑物分层分类提取。实验结果表明,该方法大大减少了分类的不确定性,获取了较高的精度,为建筑物准确提取提供了思路。     

多源信息复合的遥感影像水稻田信息提取方法研究

水稻是中国最主要的粮食作物之一。如何更精确更真实的获取水稻种植信息对于中国农业的可持续发展具有重要的意义。以江苏南京江宁区为试验区,融合遥感影像的光谱信息、纹理信息、空间分布特征等辅助性信息进行基于知识规则的水稻田信息提取,并将提取结果与传统的非监督分类和逻辑通道法的提取结果进行了比较。研究表明,基于知识规则的多源信息水稻田提取方法的精度最高。可见,融合多源信息的基于知识规则分类法是提高遥感水稻田提取精度的有效方法。     

基于植被似然建模与阴影的建筑物提取

提出了一种基于植被似然建模与阴影的彩色遥感影像建筑物提取方法.采用三原色(RGB)色彩空间中的高斯混合模型(GMM)对植被进行离线色彩特征建模,剔除植被信息的影响;采用Mean-Shift分割算法对图像进行过分割,在此基础上提取出建筑物阴影区域,然后对提取结果进行适当的后处理;通过计算阴影区域像素距离确定候选区域,并采用二次判别分析(QDA)分类器对图像进行分类,实现建筑物的提取.实验证明:方法能有效提高建筑物提取的精度.     

多层次编码—解码网络遥感图像建筑物分割

为提高高分辨率遥感影像建筑物边缘提取精度和高分辨率特征利用率,提出了一种基于残差分组卷积的高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取方法.利用多层次编码—解码结构提取影像中建筑物不同尺度特征,同层次特征之间引入密集连接保证高分辨率特征的有效性,相邻层次特征之间引入交换单元增加不同深度的上下文信息交互.使用武汉大学建筑物数据集对模型进行训练及评估,与现有的全卷积神经网络SegNet、UNet和UNet++相比,评价指标recall、IoU、F1等高出2％以上.实验结果表明该网络在对建筑物边缘精准提取方面具有很好的效果.     

半监督学习算法在农用地分等中的应用

为了提高了土地评价模型的简易性、可解释性和准确性,以及克服传统土地评价模型中认为因素多的影响,提出利用关联规则挖掘算法从已知类别的训练样本提取其中的分类关联规则作为监督信息,结合非监督学习方法中的K-mean聚类算法,对大量未标定样本进行分类的半监督学习方法.该方法实现过程简单,分类准确率高,可推广性较强.对广东省土地资源的评价实验表明,利用半监督学习算法可得到较高的土地评价准确率94.0622%.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.