石墨粉中添加含硼化合物合成金刚石的颜色与热稳定性

为了研究不同含硼添加剂对合成金刚石的颜色和耐热性能的影响,以石墨和触媒粉末作原料,分别用碳化硼、硼酸和硼酸氨作添加剂,在高温高压下合成出含硼金刚石。在相同的合成工艺条件下,当反应体系中的含硼量接近时,不同的添加剂合成的金刚石颜色差异较大。添加硼酸和硼酸氨的溶液时,易于合成出黄色透明的金刚石。采用动态空气流条件下的热重和差示扫描量热方法对金刚石进行了热稳定分析,结果表明：用三种添加含硼化合物合成金刚石的初始氧化温度超过：830℃,最高达到990℃;在1200℃时,金刚石的失重在38％～85％之间;氧化反应放热峰在1000℃左右。     

石墨粉中添加TiN合成金刚石的颜色与热稳定性研究

为了研究在石墨粉中添加不同含量TiN对合成金刚石的颜色与热稳定性的影响,以石墨和Fe70Ni30合金粉末作原料,用TiN作添加剂,在高温高压条件下合成出金刚石.在相同合成工艺条件下,当反应体系中TiN加入量不同时,合成出的金刚石无论在颜色还是在热稳定性方面都存在较大差异.当TiN加入量接近50×10-6时,容易合成出黄色透明的金刚石.在动态空气流条件下,利用热重和差示扫描量热法对金刚石的热稳定性进行分析,结果表明:石墨粉中添加四种含量不同的TiN所合成出的金刚石,其初始氧化温度在735 ℃～819 ℃之间;1200℃时,热失重率在60%～94%之间.     

非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金氧化和晶化过程研究

利用X射线衍射（XRD）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）研究了在连续加热条件下非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金在空气中的氧化和晶化过程。结果表明，在450℃以下，非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金表面的ZrO2晶粒长大过程服从抛物线规律；当温度超过450℃时，由于非晶基体内部发生晶化过程，阻碍了表面氧化过程的发展，此时ZrO2晶粒大小满足线性规律，并给出了ZrO2晶粒尺寸与温度的函数表达式。非晶态Zr65Cu17.5Ni10Al7.5合金的晶化过程是先形成二十面体相，然后转变为稳定的晶化相。     

爆轰法制备纳米金刚石表面化学与热性能研究

本文主要用热分析法、红外分析法对爆轰法合成的灰色和黑色纳米金刚石进行研究.热分析表明本实验研究的灰色和黑色纳米金刚石在空气和氮气下起始氧化温度不同.本实验研究的黑色纳米金刚石在478 ℃至515 ℃之间开始氧化;氮气中,黑色纳米金刚石在加热到700 ℃之前仅有少量失重.灰色纳米金刚石在570 ℃开始氧化,氮气中加热到950 ℃之前,失重极少,仅为2.3%.红外光谱分析揭示其表面含有-COOH,-OH,C-H,C=0,-NO2,C=C等基团.通过研究纳米金刚石表面化学性质与热性质,为纳米金刚石的应用提供理论基础.     

烧结方式对陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具性能影响的研究

本文采用低熔点的陶瓷结合剂制备金刚石磨具,研究不同烧结方式及烧成温度对磨具的弯曲强度、硬度及磨削性能等的影响,同时研究不同温度下不被包裹金刚石及被玻璃粉包裹金刚石的热失重率.通过研究发现:725℃时,不被包裹金刚石的热失重率为5.47%,玻璃粉包裹后金刚石的热失重率仅为1.27%;制备的陶瓷结合剂金刚石磨具在725℃下烧成时,埋砂烧成磨具试样的弯曲强度和洛氏硬度值比不埋砂烧成时分别提高了2.7%和1.5%;埋砂烧成比不埋砂烧成磨具的使用寿命延长10.4%～15.9%,但磨具加工一片刀具用时延长约20%,磨削过程需要砂轮修整.     

Pd的氧化与表面状态

采用热重分析仪(TG)和差热分析仪(DSC)测定海绵Pd试样从室温直至1200℃升温过程中的相对热量和质量变化;采用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)测定不同处理条件下Pd片材试样的表面状态。在吸热-放热曲线上观测到了PdO形成(260℃)、分解(720℃)和蒸发(877℃)等热效应。750℃以下Pd氧化是一个增重过程,而在更高温度下PdO的分解和蒸发导致失重。当Pd在高于850℃以上加热或淬火时,Pd呈Pd0化学态而保持光亮的金属表面;但是在低于此温度加热或淬火时,Pd表面因被PdO膜覆盖而呈暗晦色。     

热处理温度对表面涂覆TiO2薄膜的金刚石成键及抗氧化性能影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在金刚石表面涂覆一层TiO2薄膜,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X-射线衍射、光电子能谱、综合热分析、破裂强度试验等测试方法,表征了热处理温度对金刚石表面TiO2薄膜的形貌、相组成、相变、与基体金刚石的成键和涂膜后金刚石抗氧化性能的影响。研究结果表明：热处理温度上升到600℃时,金刚石表面的TiO2薄膜会由无定型态转变为致密的锐钛矿相薄膜,TiO2与金刚石基体形成Ti-O-C化学键合;热处理温度为800℃时,TiO2薄膜依然为锐钛矿相,金刚石基体产生石墨化,石墨C也能与TiO2薄膜形成Ti-O-C化学键合,但薄膜开始出现裂纹。同时,TiO2薄膜的热处理温度对金刚石在空气中的抗氧化性能有较大影响,当热处理温度在600℃时,金刚石的起始氧化温度达到最大值754℃,在空气中800℃氧化0.5h金刚石的氧化失重率达到最小值6.7wt.%,抗压强度达到最大值15.7N。     

热处理温度对表面涂覆TiO_2薄膜的金刚石成键及抗氧化性能的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在金刚石表面涂覆一层Ti O_2薄膜,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、拉曼光谱、X射线衍射、光电子能谱、综合热分析、破裂强度试验等测试方法,表征了热处理温度对金刚石表面Ti O_2薄膜的形貌、相组成、相变、与基体金刚石的成键和涂膜后金刚石抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:热处理温度上升到600℃时,金刚石表面的Ti O_2薄膜会由无定型态转变为致密的锐钛矿相薄膜,Ti O_2与金刚石基体形成Ti-O-C化学键合;热处理温度为800℃时,Ti O_2薄膜依然为锐钛矿相,金刚石基体产生石墨化,石墨C也能与Ti O_2薄膜形成Ti-O-C化学键合,但薄膜开始出现裂纹。同时,Ti O_2薄膜的热处理温度对金刚石在空气中的抗氧化性能有较大影响,当热处理温度在600℃时,金刚石的起始氧化温度达到最大值754℃,在空气中800℃氧化0.5 h金刚石的氧化失重率达到最小值6.7%,抗压强度达到最大值15.7 N。     

熔盐法合成Ti和TiC镀覆层对金刚石热稳定性的影响

金刚石表面金属化处理是提高金刚石制品性能的重要技术手段之一，镀覆层质量对金刚石及其制品的热稳定性和耐磨性都具有重要影响。采用高温熔盐法在金刚石表面成功镀覆Ti和TiC层，利用XRD、SEM对镀覆层的组成和形貌进行表征，并对镀覆后金刚石颗粒的热稳定性进行研究。结果表明：镀覆后金刚石由黄色变为灰黑色，其光学透过率大大降低。在800～900℃镀覆时，金刚石表面会形成Ti和TiC复合镀层，但800℃时的镀层比较稀疏，甚至出现漏镀现象，而在900℃时得到的镀层比较均匀致密；在1 100℃镀覆时，镀覆层为TiC，镀覆层较厚而且出现分层、开裂现象。由于镀覆层的保护作用，金刚石的氧化温度增加，失重率大大降低。尤其是在900℃时镀覆后，金刚石的失重率由原料的91.3%降至镀覆后的9.3%，热稳定性显著提升。因此，熔盐法合成Ti镀覆层的最佳温度为900℃。     

爆轰合成纳米超微金刚石的热稳定性研究

用差热、热失重和Ｘ射线衍射分析对爆轰合成纳米超微金刚石的热稳定性进行了研究,分析了不同合成和提纯条件以及不同气氛对超微金刚石热稳定性的影响。研究结果表明,纳米超微金刚石在空气氛中的热稳定性较差,其起始氧化温度为５００～５３０℃;在惰性和还原性气氛中具有较好的热稳定性;包裹水条件下得到的金刚石及用Ｈ２ＳＯ４＋ＫＭｎＯ４提纯得到的超微金刚石的热稳定性较好。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。