Effects of genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in sugarcane workers

Sugarcane workers in Brazil are exposed to various genotoxic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derived from an incomplete combustion process of burnt sugarcane fields. The effects of the occupational exposure to sugarcane fields burning were measured in urine samples of sugarcane workers from the northwest of the State of S?o Paulo when exposed (harvesting) and when non-exposed (non-harvesting). The urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and the influence of the genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 were evaluated. Our results showed that the 1-OHP levels were significantly higher (P<0.0000) in the exposed sugarcane workers (0.318 mumol mol(-1) creatinine) than in the non-exposed workers (0.035 mumol mol(-1) creatinine). In an unvaried analysis, no influence regarding the polymorphisms was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that the CYP1A1()4 polymorphism in the exposed group, and age and the GSTP1 polymorphism in the non-exposed group significantly influenced urinary 1-OHP excretion levels (P<0.10). The same group of sugarcane workers was significantly more exposed to PAHs during the harvesting period than during the non-harvesting period.     

Cytochrome P450 1B1 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells and exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Chinese coke oven workers

Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is induced through the Ah receptor and is involved in the activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To determine the validity of a quantitative analysis of CYP1B1 mRNA in peripheral human blood cells for the estimation of PAH exposure, a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction method was used to measure the relative levels of CYP1B1 mRNA in 37 Chinese coke oven workers and 13 control workers. A large inter-individual difference in the levels was observed. The average level of the CYP1B1 mRNA in workers at the top work site, where the PAH exposure level from the coke ovens was highest, was significantly higher than in workers at the middle site (P<0.01) or the controls (P=0.02). A non-significant positive correlation was found between the CYP1B1 mRNA levels and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (R=0.22, P=0.13), and a significant correlation between these mRNA levels and urinary cotinine (R=0.33, P=0.02). It was interesting that a significant positive correlation between CYP1B1 mRNA and 1-hydroxypyrene was observed in subjects with the Leu/Leu type of CYP1B1 Leu432Val polymorphism (R=0.33, P=0.02, n=38) and a non-significant correlation in subjects with the Leu/Val and Val/Val types (R=-0.36, P=0.25, n=12), although the number of subjects in this strata analysis was small. Our preliminary study suggests that PAH exposure in coke ovens and smoking maybe associated with CYP1B1 mRNA levels in peripheral blood cells although mRNA is generally unstable and could be expressed following exposure to other agents.     

焦炉煤气设备基础施工方法

结合某焦炉煤气设备基础施工实例,从测量放线、土方工程、钢筋工程、模板加固、混凝土施工等方面阐述了焦炉煤气设备基础施工方法,并总结了施工技术及质量控制要点,积累了一些宝贵经验。     

大容积焦炉砌筑过程的清洁控制

在总结以往焦炉清洁控制施工方法的同时,结合目前大容积焦炉的结构设计特点,提出一整套适用于大容积焦炉的清洁控制方法,将两种方法、施工效果加以优劣比较,以期推广该清洁控制方法的应用,同时也为类似工程提供了范例。     

Elevated concentrations of 1-hydroxypyrene in schoolchildren during winter in Christchurch, New Zealand

Particulate air pollution is significantly elevated during the winter in Christchurch, New Zealand, largely attributable to use of wood burners for domestic home heating, topography, and meteorological conditions. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a key component of airborne particulate matter (PM) and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) has previously been used to assess exposure of people to PAHs. We examined urinary 1-OHP in Christchurch male non-smoking schoolchildren (12-18 yr) on two occasions after high pollution events (48 and 72 microg PM(10)/m(3) 24-h average) and two occasions during periods of low pollution (19 and 12 microg PM(10)/m(3)). Concentrations of urinary 1-OHP were significantly elevated in the students during high pollution events (median (mean+/-SD) 0.043 (0.051+/-0.032) and 0.042 (0.060+/-0.092) micromol OHP/mol creatinine respectively) compared with low pollution periods (median (mean+/-SD) 0.019 (0.026+/-0.032) and 0.025 (0.028+/-0.018) micromol/mol creatinine respectively). The observed 1-OHP concentrations are at the lower end of those determined in children and non-occupationally exposed adults in international studies and suggest a generally low exposure to PAHs. The increased urinary 1-OHP concentrations following nights of elevated particulate concentrations in ambient air suggest increased exposure to ambient air pollution during winter time, and could potentially be used as a biomarker of exposure in this population.     

感应无线技术在焦炉四大车定位中的应用

分析了四大车走行定位控制的原理,阐述了编码电缆的原理结构,介绍了地址检测的方法,探讨了梅山1,2号焦炉无线位置检测系统的特点,以推广感应无线技术在焦炉四大车定位中的应用。     

焦炉下喷管清扫管后安装施工工艺

以某焦化工程焦炉为例,介绍了焦炉下喷管和清扫管后安装的施工工艺,该方法在下喷管和清扫管的预留洞口位置、大小及垂直度上必须采取相应措施,确保符合规范的要求。     

大型焦炉本体设备安装技术研究与应用

对焦炉筑炉大棚布置技术、原则、方法进行了详细介绍,阐述了焦炉本体设备的安装工艺流程,并着重分析了焦炉本体设备安装过程中应注意的操作要点,对类似的焦炉设备安装有一定的借鉴作用。     

下调式焦炉蓄热室砌筑施工技术

介绍了下调式焦炉的特点,对下调式焦炉蓄热室砌筑的施工技术进行了探讨,论述了耐火砖的运输与保护、中心线与标高的控制、施工组织及材料管理等注意事项,为同类工程的施工积累了经验。     

多孔轻瓷规整填料在焦炉煤气脱萘净化中的应用

文章阐述了老式脱萘填料比较容易堵塞,新型多孔轻瓷填料有着木格栅填料所无法比拟的优点,能够在相同的重量下扩大四倍的吸附面积,提高了脱萘液的脱萘效果和洗萘塔的净化效率,确保了民用焦炉煤气的质量。     

焦炉基础大体积混凝土冬期施工

结合工程实例，阐述了大体积混凝土基础的冬期施工方法，针对混凝土连续浇灌不留施工缝的具体情况，经科学计算，应用新技术，合理组织施工，取得了较好的社会和经济效益。     

天然气混空气掺混焦炉煤气供城市燃气技术的应用

利用天然气混空气掺混焦炉煤气供城市燃气技术作为城市补充气源方案,生产工艺简单、设备少,运行安全、稳定,具有良好、灵活的调峰效果。本文介绍了该技术的工艺流程及其工艺技术。     

焦炉工程湿陷性黄土地区地基处理施工技术

结合工程实例,对地基处理方案的确定进行了分析,并对其地基处理施工技术进行了阐述,最后对垫层地基进行了检测,实践表明,施工工期得到缩短,节约了工程投资,收到了良好的实施效果。     

焦炉基础顶板下喷管和清扫管的安装和施工

以榆次神龙焦化焦炉基础顶板施工为例，介绍了采用Ф48脚手钢管和钢管卡扣来安装和固定焦炉基础顶板下喷管和清扫管的施工方法，指出采用这一施工方法在进度、质量方面都取得了很好的效果。     

Association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms with DNA damage in coal-tar workers

DNA damage was evaluated by alkaline comet assay in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 115 coal-tar workers occupationally exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 105 control subjects. The effect of polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase (GST) genotypes on the DNA damage was assessed. The mean tail moment (TM) value in the coal-tar workers was significantly higher as compared to the control subjects (12.06 ± 0.55 versus 0.44 ± 0.31; P < 0.05). No significant association (P > 0.05) between the GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes and the TM values was found, however highest mean rank TM value was reported in GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotypes in both control and exposed subjects. Our results suggest that there is increased DNA damage in coal-tar workers due to PAHs exposure. Polymorphisms in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes do not show significant effect (P > 0.05) on DNA damage.     

混合气(液化天然气+空气)掺混焦炉煤气作为过渡气源在株洲市应用的技术可行性

本文通过对液化天然气供气优越性的论证、混合气(液化天然气 空气)掺混焦炉煤气技术可行性的理论分析及有选择性的实验检验,证明采用混合气(液化天然气 空气)掺混焦炉煤气作为过渡气源来扩大株洲市的供气能力是一种投资省、见效快、远近结合的好途径。     

The influence of living habits and family relationships on element concentrations in human hair

The paper discusses the content of elements in hair of subjects studied over several years. The study was performed on 5 subjects (N=28) that lived together or were family related. The elemental composition of hair of the studied subjects was compared with the average content of the population living in the same urban area (Wroc?aw city, south-west Poland), with the population of a non-industrialized area in Poland (Silesian Beskid), as well as with the population of north-east Sweden and Rio de Janeiro. When comparing the composition of hair from the studied subjects with the people living in the same city, it was found that the differences resulted mainly from different living habits (Na, Si, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn) and local exposure (Pb, Cd, Al). When comparing with the reference material for unexposed population, it was found that the studied subjects were exposed to Al. Time profile of element contents in hair of a given person showed that the level changed significantly (even several fold) with changes of living habits or environmental exposure. Also, it was found that there were similar tendencies in the accumulation of the majority of elements by people that lived together. The effect of living habits on the level of a given element was found to be stronger than the influence of either sex or family relationship. The paper also discusses inter-element interactions within the studied group. Statistically significant (p<0.05) correlations were found between elements that occur together: Ca-Mg, Fe-Mn, Na-K, Co-K, Au-Pt, Cd-Pb. In order to determine the influence of various elements on the content of another element, linear multiple regression was performed that revealed the following relationships: Ca=f(Mn, Sr), Na=f(K, Mn), K=f(V, Ti).     

The influence of age and gender on triclosan concentrations in Australian human blood serum

The bactericide triclosan has found wide-spread use in e.g. soaps, deodorants and toothpastes. Recent in vitro and in vivo studies indicate that triclosan might exert adverse effects in humans. Triclosan has previously been shown to be present in human plasma and milk at concentrations that are well correlated to the use of personal care products containing triclosan. In this study we investigated the influence of age, gender, and the region of residence on triclosan concentrations in pooled samples of Australian human blood serum. The results showed no influence of region of residence on the concentrations of triclosan. There was a small but significant influence of age and gender on the serum triclosan concentrations, which were higher in males than in females, and highest in the group of 31-45 year old males and females. However, overall there was a lack of pronounced differences in the triclosan concentrations within the dataset, which suggests that the exposure to triclosan among different groups of the Australian population is relatively homogenous. A selection of the dataset was compared with previous measurements of triclosan concentrations in human plasma from Sweden, where the use of triclosan is expected to be low due to consumer advisories. The triclosan concentrations were a factor of 2 higher in Australian serum than in Swedish plasma.     

安钢110万t/年焦化厂7号焦炉污染地基土分析

通过对安钢110万t/年焦化厂7号焦炉的污染地基土进行勘察、取样,提出了相应的防治措施,并对地基土作了分析、评价,以期为同类工程勘察提供指导。     

Improved HPLC method for analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine specimens of cigarette smokers

A method for the rapid and sensitive analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in human urine was improved by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The limit of detection decreased approximately threefold when triethylamine was added to the extracts prior to the chromatographic determination. The sensitivity was increased mainly due to triethylamine blockage of the secondary-retention effects. The analysis time was approximately 20 min per run. This method was applied to the analysis of 1-hydroxypyrene in 125 urine specimens collected from cigarette smokers who had non-occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The average concentrations of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene were 0.04 micromol/mol creatinine in non-smokers, 0.20 micromol/mol creatinine in light smokers, 0.46 micromol/mol creatinine in medium smokers, and 1.16 micromol/mol creatinine in heavy cigarette smokers. The levels of urinary 1-hydroxypyrene correlated strongly with cigarette intake (r2 = 0.93, P < 0.001).