碱含量对粉煤灰抑制ASR效果的影响

采用粉煤友部分等量替代水泥,用砂浆棒快速法和混凝土棱柱体法分别进行了不同掺量的粉煤灰抑制集料ASR的试验研究。结果表明：随着混凝土砂浆中的总碱含量的增加,粉煤灰对集抖ASR膨胀的抑制效果减弱。在同等条件下,用粉煤灰部分取代高碱水泥比取代低碱水泥抑制集料的ASR膨胀更有效。     

焙烧锂辉石对碱硅酸反应的抑制效果

以试验室焙烧锂辉石(DS)为原材料,研究了在40℃和80℃养护条件下,单掺DS和双掺DS与粉煤灰(FA)取代部分水泥,对沸石化珍珠岩集料和某高活性集料M成型不同砂浆碱集料反应膨胀的影响.试验表明:碱含量为2.5%时,在40℃和80℃养护条件下,DS掺量10%对沸石化珍珠岩集料砂浆试件ASR有效抑制,90 d龄期时试件膨胀值仍小于0.1%.DS掺量10%对高活性集料M砂浆试件ASR抑制效果不大.养护温度不同膨胀值变化趋势不同.DS掺量固定,随着FA掺量的增加,对2种集料砂浆碱集料反应膨胀抑制效果越好.     

不同结构构造硅质集料的碱硅酸反应模型

正确认识不同结构构造特征集料的碱硅酸反应（ASR）特征，对判定集料碱活性和诊断工程ASR事例以及采取正确预防措施均有重要意义、早期的以单一组分的高活性集料为基础提出的ASR模型只强调集料中活性组分对ASR的作用，仅适用于特定类型的高活性集料，本工作用扫描电镜（SEM）和光学显微镜研究了石英玻璃、沸石化珍珠岩和硅质砾石反尖特征，并综合对慢膨胀型休料ASR研究的文献，提出了结构构造特征不同的硅质活活性集料的ASR基本模型：结构构造特征不同的活性休料其ASR过程及膨胀行为不同；对以无定型SiO2为活性组分的均质高活性集料，反应特征符合传统的ASR模型；对致密、多矿物慢膨胀型集料，除活性组分类型和数量外，活性组分在集料内的分布，即集料的构造特征对ASR的速度和膨胀行为也有重要影响，结构构造特征不同的活性集料其ASR过程及膨胀行为差别的关键在于膨胀的根源和限制条件不同。     

锂盐抑制ASR的长期有效性研究

较系统地研究了三种锂盐对沸石化珍珠岩集料砂浆ASR膨胀的影响,证实了锂盐抑制效果的长期有效性,确立了不同碱含量条件下锂盐有效抑制ASR膨胀的Li与Na的摩尔比,并从机理上加以探讨.     

煤矸石抑制水泥石碱硅酸反应研究

煤矸石目前已成为占用耕地、环境污染的源头之一.开发利用煤矸石具有重大的社会效益和经济效益.采用ASTMC1260试验方法.研究了不同掺量活化煤矸石在不同养护条件对不同活性集料的砂浆试件的ASR抑制效果.试验表明:活化煤矸石可以有效抑制混凝土的碱硅酸反应,其30%掺量的抑制效果明显优于20%掺量的,采用蒸气养护方法的测试结果更能反映煤矸石抑制ASR的真实效果.     

胶砂比和集料级配对ASR膨胀的影响

为建立快速鉴定硅质集料碱活性的方法 ,以沸石化珍珠岩和硅质砾石为集料研究了胶砂比和集料级配对砂浆试体ASR膨胀的影响。结果表明 :对检测集料ASR活性而言 ,快速砂浆棒法 (ASTMC12 6 0和CSAA2 3 2 - 2 5A)所建立的集料级配和胶砂比不是最敏感条件。采用单级配集料和多胶砂比砂浆试体可以更快速、可靠地鉴定集料ASR活性     

高温下锂化合物抑制碱硅酸反应的研究

系统研究了高温条件下锂化合物对碱硅酸反应(ASR)的抑制作用.含沸石化珍珠岩活性集料砂浆, 在150 ℃压蒸24 h后, 置于80 ℃养护至20 个月.研究发现:分别掺加n(Li)/ n(Na)为0.6的Li2CO3, LiOH·H2O, Li2SO4·H2O, LiCH3COO·2H2O, LiNO3, LiF能长期有效地抑制ASR膨胀, 且抑制效果依次增强.在碱含量为2.0%时, 掺加相同n(Li)/n(Na)的锂化合物, 其对膨胀的长期抑制效果与溶解度有关.随着锂化合物阴离子表面电荷密度的增加, 其对膨胀的抑制效果依次增强.此外 , 本工作还探讨了锂化合物抑制ASR的作用机理.     

几种超细矿粉抑制混凝土碱骨料反应的试验研究

利用ASTM C441方法检验了矿物质超细粉对混凝土碱硅酸反应ASR的抑制作用，并利用小混凝土柱法检测了其抑制碱碳酸盐反应ACR的效果。试验表明，矿渣、粉煤灰、沸石等混合材掺入混凝土中均可以抑制ASR的发生，且偏高岭土和沸石粉的效果优于粉煤灰，粉煤灰又优于矿渣。矿物质混合材对ACR膨胀也有抑制作用，但效果不明显，掺30％的粉煤灰和30％A型偏高岭土超细粉试件的28d膨胀率为0．0953％和,0.108％，掺加其它混合材的小混凝土柱膨胀率则在0．12％-0．16％之间。     

不同养护条件下含石英玻璃地质聚合物砂浆的变形行为

为阐明典型活性组分（无定型SiO2）在地质聚合物中的作用行为和效应,探索地质聚合物体系中碱-集料反应评价方法,研究常温（23℃）和38℃湿气养护（相对湿度〉95%）、80℃在1 mol/L NaOH溶液浸泡及150℃在10%（质量分数）的KOH溶液压蒸下,含石英玻璃集料地质聚合物砂浆的变形行为,采用扫描电镜、电子散射能谱研究产物的组成和微观结构。结果表明：4种养护条件下,特别是在传统普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）体系所规定的养护条件和龄期内,含石英玻璃集料地质聚合物砂浆没有发生有害膨胀;但是随养护条件不同,地质聚合物基体和石英玻璃可能经历不同的化学反应过程,进而导致不同的变形行为,特别是在高温且有外碱介入时,地质聚合物基体在后期会产生膨胀效应。不宜采用单一的适于OPC体系的高温、高碱快速检测混凝土碱-集料反应的检测方法来评价地质聚合物体系中的碱-集料反应行为。     

硅质集料碱活性快速砂浆棒试验方法 1.试验温度与水泥碱含量对砂浆膨胀的影响

研究了养护温度和水泥碱含量（质量分数，下同）与硅质集料砂浆试样膨胀的关系。温度对砂浆膨胀影响较大，采用８０℃碱溶液养护，试验更迅速，结果更敏感。水泥碱含量对砂浆膨胀的规律影响较小，但对膨胀值有明显影响。采用加碱方法调整水泥碱含量可以有效地控制试验条件，使试验更迅速、准确     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.