除氧中性水中钨酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理研究华东理工大学防腐蚀中心

运用旋转圆盘电极测定碳钢的阳极极化曲线，研究了在含Cl-的中性腐蚀介质中钨酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理．结果表明钨酸钠对碳钢的缓蚀作用为钝化机理，但介质中Mg2+离子的存在对该钝化作用有显著影响．     

钼酸钠和三乙醇胺对铜的缓蚀作用

利用极化曲线法研究了钼酸钠以及钼酸钠和三乙醇胺以特定的配比形成的复合缓蚀剂对铜的缓蚀作用.结果发现：单独使用钼酸钠时，缓蚀效果不明显;钼酸钠与三乙醇胺的协同作用时，钝化区显著增宽，缓蚀效果提高，且所需剂量更少，表明钼酸钠和三乙醇胺共同作用在去离子水中及在含5×10-3 g/L Cl-的去离子中对铜具有明显的协同缓蚀作用.且当钼酸钠为300 mg/L，三乙醇胺也为300 mg/L时，协同缓蚀效率最高.      

水中阴离子对钨酸盐缓蚀机理的影响

采用极化曲线技术 ,研究了中性水中Na2 WO4 对碳钢的缓蚀机理及阴离子、溶解氧、pH的影响 .结果表明 :碳钢在一定浓度的Na2 WO4 溶液中可以钝化 ,WO4 2 -离子与Cl-、OH-离子在碳钢表面存在着竞争吸附 ;介质中溶解氧的增加有助于抑制点蚀 ;SO4 2 -离子浓度低时对碳钢的钝化没有显著影响 ,浓度高时碳钢不能钝化 .     

卤离子溶液中(NH2)2CS对Cu阳极溶解的缓蚀作用

运用恒电位稳态极化和暂态极化技术研究了(NH2) 2CS在中性NaF、NaCl、NaBr及KI溶液中对金属Cu阳极溶解的缓蚀作用.通过比较Cu在卤离 子溶液与含(NH2)2CS卤离子溶液中的电化学行为,解释了(NH2)2CS的缓蚀机制；并 研究了扫描速率对形成CuX膜的峰电位和峰电流的影响,探讨了Cu的阳极溶解机理.     

除氧中性水中钨酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理研究

运用旋转圆盘电极测定碳钢的阳极极化曲线,研究了在含Ｃｌ－的中性腐蚀介质中钨酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理．结果表明钨酸钠对碳钢的缓蚀作用为钝化机理,但介质中Ｍｇ２＋离子的存在对该钝化作用有显著影响．     

除氧中性水中酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理研究

运用旋转圆盘电极测定碳钢的阳极极化曲线，研究了在含Ｃｌ＾－的中性腐蚀介质中钨酸盐对碳钢的缓蚀机理，结果表明多情酸钠对碳钢的缓蚀作用为钝化机理，但介质中Ｍｇ＾２＋离子的存在对该钝化作用有显著影响。     

焦磷酸钠在混凝土模拟孔溶液中的缓蚀性能

采用动电位极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱研究了焦磷酸钠在模拟混凝土孔溶液中对钢筋的保护作用。焦磷酸钠的加入导致混凝土中钢筋的腐蚀电位正移,主要通过抑制钢筋的阳极电化学过程起缓蚀作用。其缓蚀效果随焦磷酸钠浓度的增加而增大,在含0．04mol／L Cl-的混凝土模拟液中,当焦磷酸钠浓度为0．03mol／L时,其缓蚀效率可达到97．...     

铝箔交流扩面腐蚀中SO2-4缓蚀机理的研究

测试了高纯电子铝箔(以下简称铝箔)在2 mol/L HCl和2 mol/L HCl+0.5 mol/L H2SO4溶液中三角波动电位激励时的电流响应曲线,用Daubechies2小波对所测得的电流响应曲线进行了时频分解,研究了SO2-4在铝箔交流扩面电蚀工程中的缓蚀机理.提出了铝箔在含Cl-溶液中点蚀时的氧空位侵蚀机理模型,该模型指出在一定的酸度条件下,在侵蚀膜表面形成的正电荷集中点是Cl-与SO2-4发生特性吸附的原因;Cl-在侵蚀膜内的主要传输途径是存在于侵蚀膜内微晶晶界上的氧空位链;进入侵蚀膜内的SO2-4在强场作用下发生离解,离解出的O2-与侵蚀膜内的氧空位作用,致使氧空位湮灭,切断了Cl-在侵蚀膜内的传输途径,同时由于这种作用调整了Cl-在侵蚀膜内传输的网络结构,增加了蚀孔内新生蚀孔的萌生机率,从而在铝箔电蚀扩面腐蚀工程中起到了独特的缓蚀作用.     

稀土离子和香兰素在H_2SO_4溶液中对冷轧钢的缓蚀协同效应

用失重法研究了四种稀土离子(La3+,Ce3+,Ce4+,Nd3+)和香兰素(4-羟基-3-甲氧基-苯甲醛)在1.0 mol/LH2SO4介质中对冷轧钢的缓蚀协同效应。结果表明,香兰素对冷轧钢有中等程度的缓蚀作用,缓蚀率随其浓度的增加而增大;四种稀土离子对冷轧钢的缓蚀作用均较差,最大缓蚀率仅为20%左右。香兰素和稀土Ce4+复配后对冷轧钢产生了明显的缓蚀协同效应,最大缓蚀率可达95%左右;而与La3+,Ce3+和Nd3+复配后均无缓蚀协同效应。     

铝箔交流扩面腐蚀中SO_4~(2-)缓蚀机理的研究

测试了高纯电子铝箔 (以下简称铝箔 )在 2mol/LHCl和 2mol/LHCl+0 5mol/LH2 SO4溶液中三角波动电位激励时的电流响应曲线 ,用Daubechies2小波对所测得的电流响应曲线进行了时频分解 ,研究了SO2 -4在铝箔交流扩面电蚀工程中的缓蚀机理 .提出了铝箔在含Cl-溶液中点蚀时的氧空位侵蚀机理模型 ,该模型指出在一定的酸度条件下 ,在侵蚀膜表面形成的正电荷集中点是Cl-与SO2 -4发生特性吸附的原因 ;Cl-在侵蚀膜内的主要传输途径是存在于侵蚀膜内微晶晶界上的氧空位链 ;进入侵蚀膜内的SO2 -4在强场作用下发生离解 ,离解出的O2 -与侵蚀膜内的氧空位作用 ,致使氧空位湮灭 ,切断了Cl-在侵蚀膜内的传输途径 ,同时由于这种作用调整了Cl-在侵蚀膜内传输的网络结构 ,增加了蚀孔内新生蚀孔的萌生机率 ,从而在铝箔电蚀扩面腐蚀工程中起到了独特的缓蚀作用     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.