Na^＋和Ti^4＋对CaO—Al2O3—SiO2系玻璃结构和晶化的影响

使用ＲＡＭＡＮ光谱和ＤＴＡ方法研究了含少量Ｎａ＋和Ｔｉ４＋的ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系玻璃，发现在纯ＣＡＳ系玻璃（Ｃａ／Ａｌ≥１／２，Ａｌ／Ｓｉ≤１）中，Ａｌ３＋仅有一部分进入玻璃网络，少量Ｎａ＋的引入，有助于Ａｌ３＋进一步进入玻璃网络中，Ｎａ＋起了间接补强玻璃网络的作用，Ｎａ＋和Ｃａ２＋离子对Ａｌ３＋进入玻璃网络结构程度的影响可认为是Ｎａ＋和Ｃａ２＋离子分别以［ＡｌＯ４］Ｎａ和［ＡｌＯ４］Ｃａ［ＡｌＯ４］基团的形式进入玻璃网络中，由于结合几率和体积效应，使［ＡｌＯ４］Ｎａ较［ＡｌＯ４］Ｃａ［ＡｌＯ４］更易进入玻璃网络中。Ｔｉ４＋以［ＴｉＯ４］的形式进入玻璃网络，它对Ａｌ３＋是否能进入玻璃网络无明显影响。Ｎａ＋和Ｔｉ４＋的单独引入，均能使玻璃网络的聚合程度增强，析晶活化能提高；而当Ｎａ＋和Ｔｉ４＋同时引入时，玻璃网络聚合程度和纯ＣＡＳ系玻璃相差不大，析晶活化能有所降低。少量Ｎａ＋的引入，不会影响析出主晶相的种类和数量，而Ｔｉ４＋的引入，则会影响到所析出主晶相的种类和数量。     

4Al＋3TiO_2＋3C化学反应的差热分析研究

通过差热分析曲线和物相分析等研究了４Ａｌ＋３ＴＯ_２＋３Ｃ普通化学反应和自燃烧化学反应的特点。研究结果表明，在一定的升温速率下Ａｌ、ＴｉＯ_２、Ｃ相互之间均能发生相互化学反应；随着升温速率的提高，Ａｌ、ＴｉＯ_２、Ｃ任意两组元之间的相互化学反应受到抑制。运用４Ａｌ＋３ＴｉＯ_２＋３Ｃ自蔓延高温合成反应制备了Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３－ＴｉＣ陶瓷复合材料。     

高效液膜分离富集镍基合金镀层中稀土总量

用ＴＢＰ－ＴＴＡ（协同流动载体）、ＳＰＡＮ８０和煤油高效液膜体系，研究∑ＲＥ＾３＋迁移行为。在适宜条件下，１０ｍｉｎ内，∑ＲＥ＾３＋的迁移率达９９．５％以上。在同样条件下，常见共存金属离子如Ｆｅ＾３＋、Ａｌ＾３＋、Ｎｉ＾２＋、Ｃｒ＾３＋、Ｍｏ＾６＋、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｏ＾２＋、Ｚｎ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋等均不被迁移；大量碱金属、碱土金属、Ｃｌ、ＮＯ３、ＣｌＯ４、Ｆ、ＳｉＯ３＾２－、ＳＯ４＾２－等离子也不影     

含碳耐火材料中的抗氧化剂性状

本文研究了抗氧化剂Ａｌ８Ｂ４Ｃ７和Ａｌ４ＳｉＣ４添加到含碳耐火材料中的性状和效果，讨论了其抗氧化的机量。Ａｌ８Ｂ４Ｃ７及Ａｌ４ＳｉＣ４的抗水化性能良好，故可实际应用，Ａｌ８Ｂ４Ｃ７和Ａｌ２４ＳｉＣ４在耐火材料表面和ＣＯ（气）反应，分别生成Ａｌ２Ｏ３－Ｂ２Ｏ３和Ａ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２保护层，抑制了耐火材料的氧化。     

控制铁相组成生产用于道路的普通硅酸盐水泥

硅酸盐水泥熟料的铁相，是Ｃ２Ｆ－Ｃ６ＡＦ２－Ｃ４ＡＦ－Ｃ６Ａ２Ｆ连续固溶体。一般煅烧条件下，其铁相主要为Ｃ４ＡＦ。引入一定量的含矿化离子的工业废渣配料，可以增加Ａｌ２Ｏ３在铁相中的固溶量，从而可得到以Ｃ４ＡＦ－Ｃ６Ａ２Ｆ为主的铁相，其摩尔比大体ａＯ：Ａｌ２Ｏ３：Ｆｅ２ｏ３＝５：１．５：１。这种熟料及其磨制的普通硅酸盐水泥，具有良好的耐磨性及很小的干缩率。     

钾长石热分解热力学分析和ΔG°_T计算

利用热力学数据及ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２、Ｋ２Ｏ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２体系相图，对钾长石分别添加ＣａＯ、ＣａＳＯ４、ＣａＣｌ２、ＣａＯ＋ＣａＣｌ２和ＣａＯ＋ＣａＳＯ４下的热分解进行了热力学分析，并拟定了５２０个可能反应，在８００～１６００Ｋ范围内计算了各反应的ΔＧＴ，确定了添加ＣａＯ＋ＣａＳＯ４制取Ｋ２ＳＯ４的物料配比范围，并以此指导工艺实验。     

Pr^3＋掺杂的Cd3M2Ge3O12（M=Al,Ga）石榴石的阴极射线发光特性

首次报道Ｐｒ＾３＋分别激活的Ｃｄ３Ａｌ２Ｇｅ３Ｏ１２（ＣＡＧＧ）和Ｃｄ３Ｇａ２Ｇｅ３Ｏ１２（ＣＧＧＧ）锗酸盐石榴石的阴极射线发光光谱，Ｐｒ＾３＋的４ｆ能级发射强度与Ｐｒ＾３＋浓度关系以及粉红色较长余辉特性。与ＣＡＧＧ相比，发现在ＣＧＧＧ中Ｐｒ＾３＋的所有４ｆ－４ｆ跃迁发射峰位置向短波移动，并分析造成这种光谱“蓝移”的原因。     

胺对镍系催化了二烯聚合规律的影响

以二乙胺为例研究了胺对Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２－Ａｌ（－Ｂｕ）３－ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２＋ｎ—Ｃ８Ｈ１７ＯＨ（简称Ｎｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ＋ＲＯＨ）和Ｎｉ（ｎａｐｈ）２－Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３－ＢＦ３·ＯＥｔ２＋ＣＨ３ＣＯＯＣ４Ｈ９（简称Ｎｉ—Ａｌ—Ｂ＋ＢＡ）两体系聚合活性和聚合物分子量的影响，并与Ｎｉ—Ａｌ—Ｂ体系进行了对比．考察了通常条件下肢的允许含量，讨论了有胺存在时Ｎｉ／Ｂｄ、Ａｌ／Ｎｉ、Ａｌ／Ｂ摩尔比的变化对聚合规律的影响。结果表明：胺的含量高于２０ｐｐｍ时将使聚合活性和分子量降低，提高催化剂用量可以抑制胺的不利影响。     

酸性膦酸酯钕盐催化聚合丁二烯的研究

以酸性膦酸酯（Ｐ５０７）钕盐（Ｎｄ）、Ａｌ（ｉ－Ｂｕ）３（Ａｌ）和Ａｌ２Ｅｔ３Ｃｌ３（Ｃｌ）为催化体系，已烷为溶剂，进行丁二烯（Ｂｄ）溶液聚合。催化剂采用Ａｌ＋Ｎｄ＋Ｃｌ的加料方式，Ａｌ／Ｎｄ＝２０（摩尔比，下同），Ｃｌ／Ｎｄ＝３．０，室温下陈化２ｈ以上，于５０℃恒温水溶中聚合５ｈ，可得到顺式－１，４含量高于９７％，［η］大于９．０ｄＬ／ｇ的聚合物。同时证明，在相同的催化剂组分配比及聚合条件下，该     

等离子喷涂Al2O3+TiO2复合陶瓷涂层的组织结构

利用ＳＥＭ,ＴＥＭ,ＥＤＡＸ及Ｘ射线等手段研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＴｉＯ２／ＮｉＣｒＡｌＹ复合陶瓷等离子喷涂层的组织结构,涂层呈片层状,Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＴｉＯ２陶瓷涂层由γ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＯ２及少量的α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３组成,由于喷涂层温度比较高,部分熔化的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和大部分熔化的ＴｉＯ２发生了一定程度的互熔,形成了Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＴｉＯ２共晶组织。片层内由Ｎｉ基固溶体及弥散分布其上的γ相（Ｎｉ３Ａｌ）组成,片间为     

Li4+xMxSi1-xO4(M＝Fe,Cr)离子导电材料的制备与电导性能研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Li4+xMxSi1-xO4(M=Fe,Cr)离子导体材料,并对样品的结构及其电导率用TG-DTA、XRD和交流阻抗仪进行了观察和测试。结果表明,采用该方法可大大降低材料的合成温度,且M(M=Fe,Cr)的掺入有利于提高材料的离子电导性。     

可见光下TiO2还原Cr(Ⅵ)光催化反应研究

Cr(Ⅵ)是一种对生态环境和人类健康有极大危害的重金属离子,为研究可见光下TiO2还原Cr(Ⅵ)的光催化反应,首先使用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2光催化剂,并对其结构进行表征;然后在可见光下研究其还原Cr(Ⅵ)光催化反应;最后分析光催化反应机理及反应动力学.结果表明,制备的TiO2为锐钛矿,直径约为400～500nm,禁带...     

电解阳极间接氧化法处理制药废水的研究

通过在废水中加入NaCl电解质，考察了电解阳极间接氧化法制药废水的处理效果。实验分析了废水中电解质NaCl对制药废水电解过程中CODCr、色度去除的影响，并对不同用量NaCl电解效果进行了对比。另外还用电解质Na2SO4、NaNO3作了对比实验来说明NaCl产生的电解阳极间接氧化的存在。最后对甲红霉素废水进行中试实验，结果表明，NaCl电解产生的NaClO具有极强的氧化性，促进了CODCr的去除，同时还发现，废水中氨氮的存在不利于废水CODCr的去除。     

Synthesis by pyrolysis of aerosols and ceramic application of Cr-doped CaYAlO4 red–orange pigments

The synthesis of red–orange Cr-doped YCaAlO₄ pigments has been improved (softer thermal conditions and lower environmental impact) and optimised by using the pyrolysis of aerosols method. We also study the crystallochemical features of the Cr chromophore with special emphasis on its oxidation state which has not been yet clarified, finding that Cr(III) and Cr(IV) species are present in the octahedral and interstitial tetrahedral sites of the YCaAlO₄ lattice, respectively. Finally, the applicability of this system as ceramic pigment was tested using conventional industrial glazes. A change from orange to pink shades was detected after glaze firing, which is mainly attributed to the Cr³⁺ to Cr⁴⁺ oxidation.     

Sintering additives regulated Cr ion charge state in Cr doped YAG transparent ceramics

Cr: YAG and Cr, Nd: YAG transparent ceramics have significant application prospects in solid state lasers, therefore a controllable charge state of Cr ion in Cr doped YAG transparent ceramics is necessary. In this study, a successful regulation of Cr charge state in both Cr, Nd: YAG and Cr: YAG transparent ceramics was achieved, by a simple optimizing the sintering additives. Both ceramics with the Cr doping concentration of 0.3?at% reached to the theoretical transmittance, after the vacuum sintering and the subsequent annealing process. It was found that by adopting silica additive, divalent charged Cr²⁺ ions could be detected from the vacuum sintered samples, and they were transferred into trivalent state after further annealing in air. Meanwhile, by vacuum sintering ceramics with divalent additives (CaO and MgO), a stable trivalent charged Cr ion could be obtained, and the subsequent air annealing process indicated a significant conversion from Cr³⁺ to Cr⁴⁺. Further increasing the Cr concentration was not benefit to the optical quality as well as the conversion of Cr³⁺ ion in Cr, Nd: YAG transparent ceramics.     

气相氟化CCl_2F_2制备CF_4的催化剂研究

CCl2F2(CFC-12)曾广泛用作制冷剂和推进剂,是消耗臭氧层的罪魁祸首,选取何种温度将CCl2F2转化为高附加值的四氟甲烷(CF4)是本研究的目标。通过沉积沉淀法制备了一系列不同温度焙烧的CrAlF催化剂,并用于气相氟化CCl2F2反应合成CF4,600℃焙烧的催化剂活性最好,400℃反应温度下合成CF4的生成产率约为92%。XRD、Raman和UV-Vis分析结果表明随着焙烧温度升高,催化剂表面的晶相Cr2O3的含量增加。晶相Cr2O3很难被活化而形成活性物种,因而催化剂活性与CrAlF催化剂表面Cr2O3的含量有关。CrAlF-6催化剂活性最高归因于其表面相对最低的Cr2O3含量。研究发现载体Al2O3经氟化后生成AlF3,并且形成的小晶粒AlF3载体有利于获得较高的催化活性。催化剂失活的主要原因可能与催化剂表面CrO的含量增加以及晶粒增大有关。     

Effects of the temperature of hot isostatic pressing treatment on Cr–Si targets

Commercial as-hp (hot pressing) treated Cr–Si targets are used throughout this study, with three different compositions: Cr20–Si80, Cr35–Si65 and Cr50–Si50. To evaluate the effects of microstructure and properties of as-hp treated Cr–Si targets by hot isostatic pressing (HIP) SEM, XRD and porosity inspections were performed. The experimental results showed that the 1373 K, 1750 MPa, 4 h HIP treated with three different Cr–Si targets had suppressed porosities successfully. The most efficient was Cr50–Si50 target subjected to HIP treatment. Porosity decreased about 60% after HIP treatment, and both the nitrogen and oxygen concentrations of the targets were slightly increased after HIP treatment. This was especially true for the single silicon in Cr–Si targets such as Cr20–Si80 and Cr35–Si65. The aim of this paper is to discuss these methods and finding suitable temperatures for the HIP for Cr–Si targets.     

FTIR investigation of ethylene coordination and polymerization on reduced Cr/SiO2 catalyst

FTIR spectroscopy was applied to study the initial steps of ethylene polymerization on reduced chromia-silica (0.5 wt% Cr/SiO₂). To decrease the speed of the reaction small doses of gas were introduced to the catalyst in each run and C₂D₄ was used to confirm band assignments. At the initial steps of the reaction only ethylene molecules coordinated to probably Cr _A ²⁺ cations were observed. The concentration of such complexes was estimated to be about 50% of the total amount of Cr atoms in the sample. The FTIR spectrum of the polymer formed at the initial doses of C₂H₄ (when [C₂H₄] [Cr]) was found to be slightly different from that formed after excess ethylene was introduced onto the catalyst ([C₂H₄] > [Cr]).     

工厂废水中Cr（Ⅵ）/苯酚的光催化降解研究

机械加工厂的排放废水是一个Cr（Ⅵ）/苯酚共存的体系,一般处理工艺难以同时去除.文章采用商品氧化钛P25和TiO2晶须分别在高压汞灯和低压汞灯的条件下对Cr（Ⅵ）/苯酚共存体系进行了光催化降解研究.结果表明,Cr（Ⅵ）/苯酚共存体系中Cr（Ⅵ）的光催化还原和苯酚的光催化氧化可以产生协同效应,且协同效应的产生与催化剂和光源都相关.仅在低压汞灯/TiO2晶须体系中出现了协同效应,反应4min时Cr（Ⅵ）和苯酚的转化率分别比单独体系中的提高了15％和30％.该协同效应表明,光催化技术为机械加工厂的排放废水提供了一种可行的水处理方法.     

铁盐共沉淀泡沫浮选法去除废水中Cr(VI)的应用研究

采用铁盐共沉淀泡沫浮选法去除废水中Cr(VI),用FeSO4将六价铬还原成三价状态,考察了还原剂用量、捕捉剂品种及pH对总铬去除率的影响。结果表明,对浓度为10 mg/L的含Cr(VI)模拟废水,使用FeSO4作还原剂,LAS作捕捉剂,铁铬摩尔比为7∶1,pH=10,鼓泡10 min的条件下,Cr(VI)去除率可达99.1%。