Corrosion resistance of plasma sprayed NiCrAl+(ZrO2+Y2O3) thermal barrier coating on 18-8 steel surface

The corrosion resistance of NiCrAl+(ZrO₂+Y₂O₃) thermal barrier coating, formed with the plasma spraying technique, on the 18 - 8 steel surface was investigated. The phase structure and morphology of the coating were analyzed by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the coating in 1.0 mol/L H₂SO₄ solution was studied by using electrochemical measurement methods. The results show that the gradient plasma spraying coating is composed of the NiCrAlY coating and the (ZrO₂+Y₂O₃) top coating, and the coating thickness is 360 μm. The microhardness of coating reaches 1 100 HV. The corrosion resistance of the plasma sprayed coating of the 18 - 8 steel surface is about 5 times as great as that of the original pattern. The corrosion resistance of the coating is enhanced notably. Foundation item: Project (5040202140) supported by Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education     

Wing crack model subjected to high hydraulic pressure and far field stresses and its numerical simulation

By considering the effect of hydraulic pressure filled in wing crack and the connected part of main crack on the stress intensity factor at wing crack tip, a new wing crack model exerted by hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was proposed. By introducing the equivalent crack length l _eq of wing crack, two terms make up the stress intensity factor K _I at wing crack tip: one is the component K _I⁽¹⁾ for a single isolated straight wing crack of length 2l subjected to hydraulic pressure in wing crack and far field stresses, and the other is the component K _I⁽²⁾ due to the effective shear stress induced by the presence of the equivalent main crack. The FEM model of wing crack propagation subjected to hydraulic pressure and far field stresses was also established according to different side pressure coefficients and hydraulic pressures in crack. The result shows that a good agreement is found between theoretical model of wing crack proposed and finite element method (FEM). In theory, an unstable crack propagation is shown if there is high hydraulic pressure and lateral tension. The wing crack model proposed can provide references for studying on hydraulic fracturing in rock masses.     

20#钢在CO2/H2O气液两相塞状流中的腐蚀行为

采用自主设计动态腐蚀实验装置研究20#钢在CO_2/H_2O两相塞状流条件下的腐蚀行为,利用失重法、SEM、EDS和XRD等手段对腐蚀试样进行腐蚀速率分析、腐蚀形貌观察以及腐蚀产物成分与膜层结构特征分析.结果表明:随时间的延长腐蚀速率呈先小幅减小、后快速增大、再明显降低的趋势,4h和8h分别达实验条件下的最大值(2.074 6 mm/a)和最小值(1.898 8 mm/a);下管壁腐蚀形貌特征表明随时间延长腐蚀产物膜层由初始阶段疏松团絮状产物+细小针状产物组成含有微裂纹的单层腐蚀产物膜层逐渐转变为双层腐蚀产物膜,外层膜疏松其具有贯穿性裂纹,而内层膜相对致密并随时间延长致密度逐渐提高,EDS分析结果表明内层相对致密膜层的铁含量高于外层膜,属于富铁腐蚀产物,外层相对疏松膜层的碳氧元素含量之和相比内层膜较高;在同时间段上管壁腐蚀产物沿垂直流动方向呈条带状分布,由初始粗大疏松产物颗粒逐渐转变为具有规则排列特征的晶粒;腐蚀产物主要由Fe、C、O三种主要元素组成,主要组成相有Fe_3C、FeCO_3、Fe_3O_4、FeOOH.     

Coupling effects of influence factors on probability of corrosion initiation time of reinforced concrete

The coupling model of major influence factors such as environmental relative humidity, load-induced crack and stress state affecting the chloride diffusion process in concrete is discussed. The probability distributions of the critical chloride concentration C _C, the chloride diffusion coefficient D, and the surface chloride concentration C _s were determined based on the collected natural exposure data. And the estimation of probability of corrosion initiation considering the coupling effects of influence factors is presented. It is found that the relative humidity and curing time are the most effective factors affecting the probability of corrosion initiation before and after 10 years of exposure time. At the same exposure time, the influence of load-induced crack and stress state on the probability of corrosion initiation is obvious, in which the effect of crack is the most one.     

Corrosion behavior about tubing steel in environment with high H2S and CO2 content

The corrosion behavior of C100 steel in simulated environments with high H₂S and CO₂ content was studied through high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave, and the H2S stress corrosion cracking (SSC) resistance of C100 steel was evaluated by SSC tests. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique were employed to characterize the corrosion products and the metal matrix. The results indicate that all of the corrosion products in this investigation are mainly composed of different types of iron sulfide such as Fe_0.95S, FeS_0.9, Fe_0.985S, Fe₇S₈ and FeS, and the absence of iron carbonate in the corrosion scales suggests that the corrosion process is governed by H₂S corrosion. The corrosion rate decreases in the initial stage and then increases with the enhancement of the temperature. There exists a minimum corrosion rate at about 110 °C. Under the partial pressure of H₂S lower than 9 MPa, the corrosion rate decreases with the increase of $P_{H_2 S} $ While over 9 MPa, a higher $P_{H_2 S} $ will result in a faster corrosion process. When the applied stress is 72%, 80% and 85% of actual yield strength (AYS), all tested specimens show no crack, which reveals a superior SSC resistance.     

Mechanism of action of cracks water on rock landslide in rainfall

In worldwide, the most common triggering factor of rock landslides is extended and intense rainfall. However, different from the soil slope failure caused by softening action of infiltration rainwater, the mechanism of rock landslide in rainfall is not clear. From the view of fracture mechanics, the propagation of cracks on rock slope and the development of sliding surface were researched. Then based on hydraulics formulas and using Sweden arc method, the influence of crack water on stability of rock slope was quantitatively studied. Finally, an example was given to check the theoretical approach. The result shows that the development of sliding surface of rock slope is mainly caused by crack propagation under hydrostatic pressure when the stress intensity factor K _I at crack tip is bigger than the toughness index of rock fractures K _IC, and the failure of slope is the result of hydraulic action of crack water and the softening of materials on sliding surface when the depth of crack water is bigger than a minimum value h _min.     

Effect of salt spray corrosion on tribological properties of HVOF sprayed NiCr-Cr<Subscript>3</Subscript>C<Subscript>2</Subscript> coating with intermediate layer

The objective of the present work was to determine the influence of the neutral salt spray corrosion on the wear resistance of HVOF sprayed NiCr-Cr₃C₂ coating with intermediate layer. Ni-Zn-Al₂O₃ coatings as interlayers were prepared by low pressure cold spray (LPCS) between NiCr-Cr₃C₂ cermet coatings to form a sandwich structure to enhance the corrosion resistance properties. The tribological properties were examined using the UMT-3 fricition and wear tester by line-contact reciprocating sliding under dry and salt spray one week corrosion. The morphology, element distribution, and phase compositions of the coating and worn sufaces were analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray diffraction respectively. The corrosion behavior of the coating was studied by the open-circuit potential, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, potentiodynamic polarization, and salt spray corrosion methods. It is found that the sandwich structured coating has better corrosion resistance than the single layer coating. The results show that under dry wear conditions, the wear mechanism is abrasive and adhesive wear, whereas under salt spray corrosion conditions it becomes corrosion wear. The friction coefficient of the sandwich structured coating after salt spray corrosion is slightly lower than the dry friction coefficient, but the weight of the wear loss is lower than that under dry condition.     

C-ZIF-8基PtNi催化剂制备及其甲醇电催化氧化性能

制备具有高活性和稳定性的铂基催化剂材料对于直接甲醇燃料电池(direct methanol fuel cells,DMFCs)的商业化进程具有显著的意义。以沸石咪唑骨架(zeolite imidazole framework,ZIF-8)为前驱体,通过高温碳化制备出一种优异的金属有机框架(metal organic frameworks,MOFs)衍生的碳材料作为载体,同时引入过渡金属Ni得到一种新型双金属催化剂Pt_xNi_10-x/C-ZIF-8。采用XRD、BET、FT-IR、Raman、SEM和TEM等方法表征Pt_x Ni_10-x/C-ZIF-8复合材料的形貌、组成和表面结构等,并通过循环伏安法,计时电流法(i-t)等电化学方法对Pt_x Ni_10-x/C-ZIF-8复合材料的电催化性能进行测试。研究结果表明,在1 mol/L KOH+1 mol/L CH₃OH溶液中,Pt₈Ni₂/C-Z...     

不同制备条件对硅纳米线的形貌和反射率影响

利用两步法-金属辅助化学刻蚀法(metal-assisted chemical etching, MACE)制备硅纳米线(silicon nanowires,SINWs)样品。研究了刻蚀温度、刻蚀时间、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)浓度对样品SINWs的形貌和反射率影响。研究发现,随着刻蚀时间增加, SINWs样品的长度随之增加,而反射率降低。H_2O_2浓度提高, SINWs样品的长度也增加,在浓度为0.1 mol/L时反射率降至最低。刻蚀温度升高, SINWs样品的长度先增加,然后随着SINWs生长速率变快的同时样品的形貌结构遭到破坏,反射率呈总体上升趋势。实验结果表明,改变制备过程中的反应条件,对SINWs的形貌会具有较大影响,同时SINWs阵列的反射率也会改变。SINWs的反射率强烈依赖于SINWs的长度、规整程度和空隙率大小等。     

Ethylene Polymerization by a Novel Dinuclear Heter-oligated Titanium Complex with the Ligand of （Salicylaldiminato） （β-enaminoketonato）

The condensation of acetylacetone （CH3COCH2COCH3） with benzdine （H2N-C6H4-C6H4-NH2） yielded diimine ligand 1 [HOC（Me）C（H）（Me）C=N（p-C6H4）（C6H4-p）N= C（Me）C（H）C（Me）OH）], which was converted into sodium salts. And then the sodium salts reacted with monosalicylaldiminato titanium complex 2{[3,5-di-But′2-（O）C6H2CHN（PH）]TiCl3（THF）} in dried dichloromethane to give a new benzdine-bridged binuclear complex 3{[3,5-di-Bu′-2-（O）C6H2CHN（PH）]2 [OC（Me）C（H）（Me）C=N（p-C6H4）-（C6H4-p）N=C（Me）C（H） C（Me）]Ti2Cl4}. The complex 3 was characterized by ^1HNMR and elemental analysis. In the presence of MAO（methylaluminoxane）, the complex 3 in toluene was effective to catalyze polymerization, affording moderately high catalytic activity 1.93 × 10^5 g PE/（mol.Ti.h）]and high molecular weight polyethylene [5.63× 10^5 g/moll. The high temperature gel permeation chromatography （GPC） curve of polyethylene obtained revealed a single peak, but the molecular weight distribution （MWD = 3.21） is obviously broader than that of the similar mononuclear titanium complex. The melting points of the obtained polyethylene reaches 138 ℃, indicating that the polyethylene is of high crystallinity.     

Synthesis of γ-Al2O3 nanoparticles by chemical precipitation method

Highly pure active γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were synthesized from aluminum nitrate and ammonium carbonate with a little surfactant by chemical precipitation method. The factors affecting the synthesis process were studied. The properties of γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles were characterized by DTA, XRD, BET, TEM, laser granularity analysis and impurity content analysis. The results show that the amorphous precursor Al(OH)₃ sols are produced by using 0.1 mol/L Al(NO₃)₃ · 9H₂O and 0.16 mol/L (NH₄)₂CO₃ · H₂O reaction solutions, according to the volume ratio 1.33, adding 0.024% (volume fraction) surfactant PEG600, and reacting at 40 °C, 1 000 r/min stirring rate for 15 min. Then, after stabilizing for 24 h, the precursors were extracted and filtrated by vacuum, washed thoroughly with deionized water and dehydrated ethanol, dried in vacuum at 80°C for 8 h, final calcined at 800 °C for 1 h in the air, and high purity active γ-Al₂O₃ nanoparticles can be prepared with cubic in crystal system, O _H ⁷ -FD3M in space group, about 9 nm in crystal grain size, about 20 nm in particle size and uniform size distribution, 131. 35 m²/g in BET specific surface area, 7 – 11 nm in pore diameter, and not lower than 99.93% in purity. Foundation item: Project(03JJY3015) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province     

我国电网设备大气腐蚀及控制

针对我国电网设备的金属腐蚀问题,分析了电网设备的大气腐蚀与大气污染物之间的关系及大气中主要的腐蚀性污染物(SO_2,氯化物,H_2S等)对电网设备的腐蚀机理,讨论了国内电网输变电架空导线和地线、变电站、铁塔和金具的腐蚀现状、腐蚀形态,总结了目前电网腐蚀控制的技术和方法,并提出了进一步防止电网设备大气腐蚀的措施建议.     

DZ125合金超高周疲劳微观裂纹萌生机制

DZ125合金具有优良的综合性能表现,已被广泛应用于燃气涡轮高温部件的铸造。关于DZ125合金的疲劳问题研究已有较多文献报道,但从微观断口分析的角度系统阐述该合金超高周疲劳裂纹萌生及失效机制的研究则相对较少。通过研究发现,随着疲劳强度的降低,疲劳数据离散性有增大的趋势;较小的疲劳应力（小于220 MPa）所对应的疲劳寿命并未有明显增加,上述特征与疲劳微观裂纹萌生机制的改变直接相关。在高应力作用下,疲劳裂纹倾向于从材料的表面或次表面萌生,巨型二次裂纹成为其断口形貌的主要特征;在低应力状态下,材料内部的孔洞缺陷是疲劳裂纹萌生的主要区域,并严重影响材料的疲劳寿命。驻留滑移带（PSB）可导致表面粗糙区的形成,成为裂纹尖端的主要特征。主裂纹与其他二次裂纹存在竞争关系,并最终引起疲劳断裂的发生。基于Murakami公式,DZ125合金在裂纹萌生阶段的平均应力强度因子为3.15 MPa·m^1/2,裂纹快速扩展阶段的平均应力强度因子和材料的断裂韧性（K_IC）分别为7.72和15.70 MPa·m^1/2。     

Multiparameter optimization and configuration comparison of supercritical CO2 Brayton cycles based on efficiency and cost tradeoff

Supercritical CO₂ Brayton cycle has high efficiency, compactness, and excellent power generation potential. In the design of the cycle, some parameters, such as recuperator pinch point temperature difference (ΔT_rec,pp), turbine inlet temperature (T_tur,in), and maximum cycle pressure (p_max), are often preset without optimization. Furthermore, different preferences on efficiency and cost tradeoff can significantly affect the optimal design of the cycle, and the influence of different parameters on the design condition and the optimum cycle configuration becomes unclear as the preference changes. In this study, different preferences on efficiency and cost tradeoff are considered, and the effects of cycle configuration and optimization parameter addition on the tradeoff are investigated. In addition, four configurations under different preferences on tradeoff are recommended. Results show that the design condition parameters ΔT_rec,pp decrease and T_tur,in and p_max increase as the preference of thermal efficiency (W_th) increases. Different optimized parameters affect the results of the design point and cycle performance. In addition, the simple recuperative cycle and reheating cycle are recommended when low cycle initial cost dominates (W_th<0.598), and the recompression cycle and intercooling cycle are recommended when high cycle thermal efficiency dominates (W_th>0.701). The decision maker can select appropriate configuration according to specific preferences.

     

A utility-optimal backoff algorithm for wireless sensor networks

A novel backoff algorithm in CSMA/CA-based medium access control (MAC) protocols for clustered sensor networks was proposed. The algorithm requires that all sensor nodes have the same value of contention window (C _W ) in a cluster, which is revealed by formulating resource allocation as a network utility maximization problem. Then, by maximizing the total network utility with constrains of minimizing collision probability, the optimal value of C _W (W _opt) can be computed according to the number of sensor nodes. The new backoff algorithm uses the common optimal value W _opt and leads to fewer collisions than binary exponential backoff algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms standard 802.11 DCF and S-MAC in average collision times, packet delay, total energy consumption, and system throughput. Foundation item: Project(60772088) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

Atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in [Hmim][HCOO]/THF mixtures

The atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) of methyl methacrylate (MMA) employing ethyl 2-bromoisobutyrate (EBiB)/CuBr as the initiating system was analyzed at 30, 40, 50 and 60 ℃ in N-methylimidazolium formate ([Hmim][HCOO])/THF mixtures. The polymerization was performed in a well-controlled manner as evidenced by kinetic study and the chain extension result. The apparent activation energy and the enthalpy of equilibrium for the preequilibrium were also investigated. Results show that Ea(app)=47.86 kJ/mol, △H0eq=25.67 kJ/mol.     

Corrosion fatigue behavior of fastening hole structure and virtual crack propagation tests

The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the LY12CZ aluminum alloy fastener involving a central hole in air or in 3.5wt% NaC1 solution was investigated. The experimental results indicated that the corrosion fatigue crack growth rate decreased with the increasing loading frequency, and in a corrosive environment, the crack growth rate was slightly larger than that in air.Based on the experimental results, the virtual corrosion fatigue crack propagation tests were investigated and the stochastic process method and the AFGROW simulation method were presented. The normal process and lognormal process were considered for the stochastic process method based on the numerically fitted Paris equation. The distribution of crack size and the corresponding prob-abilistic model of crack length distribution for a given number of cycles can be found by integrating the stochastic process over time.Using the AFGROW software, the virtual simulation was carried out to analyze the corrosion fatigue crack growth behavior and the predicted crack growth curve was in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanosized Hydroxyapatite Particles in AOT Inverse Microemulsion

1　IntroductionSynthetichydroxyapatite (HAP) ,whichisthemajorconstitutionofnaturalboneandteeth ,iswell knownasbiocompatibleandbioactivematerialthathasbeenwidelyusedinmanyclinicalapplications[1 3] .Forexample ,po roushydroxyapatitehasbeenusedinbone ingrow…     

橡胶混凝土断裂性能试验研究

开展了橡胶混凝土三点弯曲梁断裂试验,获得了不同试件尺寸和橡胶掺量下的裂缝断裂全过程曲线,对橡胶混凝土断裂能G_F及裂缝扩展K-R阻力曲线进行研究。基于数字图像相关方法,获得了橡胶混凝土试件垂直于裂缝扩展方向的全场位移和应变信息,对裂缝扩展的损伤断裂演化过程进行研究。结果表明：随试件尺寸增加和橡胶掺量提高,断裂能均呈现出上升趋势;K-R阻力曲线随试件尺寸变化表现出明显尺寸效应,橡胶掺量在0%~14%设计范围内时,K-R阻力曲线与橡胶掺量无关。     

The influence of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O on the inhibitive effect of Ca(NO2)2 in simulated concrete pore solution

The effects of cerium nitrite on corrosion behaviors of carbon steel in simulated concrete pore solutions were studied with the methods of linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and surface analysis. In pore solutions in the presence of Ce(NO3)3?6H2O, the corrosion potential, polarization resistance and impedance of carbon steel obviously increased in contrast to the situation in the absence of cerium salts. The pore solution with [NO2-] / [Cl-] = 0.3 and 0.1% Ce(NO3)3?6H2O, carbon steel shows better corrosion resistance than that in the pore solution with [NO2-] / [Cl-] = 0.6, which indicates that a small amount of Ce(NO3)3?6H2O in pore solutions can effectively promote passivation of the steel and reduce the threshold [NO2-] / [Cl-] ratio for corrosion control. The surface layer formed in cerium salt containing pore solutions is more compact and smooth and 1.36%Ce is examined on the sample surface. The addition of 0.1% Ce(NO3)3?6H2O in pore solutions can decrease the corrosion rate of steel in pore solutions and has little influence on pH change of the solutions. However, more cerium nitrate addition above 0.1% may result in pH decrease of the solution.