Laser ablation and micromachining with ultrashort laser pulses

The mechanisms of ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of materials are discussed, and the differences to that of long laser pulses are emphasized. Ultrashort laser pulses offer both high laser intensity and precise laser-induced breakdown threshold with reduced laser fluence. The ablation of materials with ultrashort pulses has a very limited heat-affected volume. The advantages of ultrashort laser pulses are applied in precision micromachining of various materials. Some femtosecond laser pulse micromachining results, including comparison with long pulses, are presented. Ultrashort-pulse laser micromachining may have a wide range of applications where micrometer and submicrometer feature sizes are required     

激光等离子体诊断用微微秒紫外高功率激光脉冲的产生

氙灯泵浦的可调谐染料激光器锁模脉冲用XeCl准分子激光器泵浦的三级染料激光放大器放大后,经倍频再用XeCl准分子激光器放大,在308毫微米处获得了微微秒高功率激光脉冲输出,其峰值功率可达500兆瓦,功率净增益为200。     

Picosecond pulse measurements using the active laser medium

A simple method for measuring the pulse lengths of synchronously pumped dye lasers which does not require the use of an external nonlinear medium, such as a doubling crystal or two-photon fluorescence cell, to autocorrelate the pulses is discussed. The technique involves feeding the laser pulses back into the dye jet, thus correlating the output pulses with the intracavity pulses to obtain pulse length signatures in the resulting time-averaged laser power. Experimental measurements were performed using a rhodamine 6G dye laser pumped by a mode-locked frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The results agree well with numerical computations, and the method proves effective in determining lengths of picosecond laser pulses     

利用飞秒激光和纳秒激光脉冲加工金刚石

分别利用脉宽在40 fs 和5 ns 的飞秒及纳秒激光脉冲加工了钎焊在不锈钢底板上的金刚石阵列.通过测量加工区域面积和入射激光功率的关系推断出了飞秒和纳秒激光脉冲加工金刚石材料的阈值.实验结果表明,相比于纳秒激光加工,利用飞秒激光加工金刚石的阈值更低.也利用显微镜比较了利用不同种类光源加工金刚石后加工区域的形貌.研究结果证明了利用飞秒激光加工金刚石相比于纳秒激光更为有效.     

Three-dimensional optical storage in fused silica using modulated femtosecond pulses

Three-dimensional bitwise optical recording with a density of 500 Gb/cm3 in fused silica using a Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser modulated by binary digits is demonstrated. Laser pulses modulation is realized by modulating two circuits of trigger pulses signal which are used to control laser pulses trapping and switching out from cavity, respectively. Bits are optically readout in both a parallel reading (phase-contrast) and a serial reading (confocal-type) methods. The method for modulating laser pulses can also be used in all of pulsed laser systems which operate in cavity-dumping configuration.     

Simultaneous determination of the spectral and temporal properties of tunable, single, picosecond pulses from a short cavity dye laser

We report simultaneous quantitative spectral and temporal measurements of the output pulses from a single-axial mode rhodamine 6G short cavity (1-8 mum) dye laser. The dye laser was pumped at 10 Hz with single second harmonic (532 nm) pulses from a mode-locked Nd⁺³:YAG laser. Spectral measurements made with a high resolution spectrograph and temporal measurements made with an ultrafast streak camera indicate the production of Fourier transform limited pulses for near threshold operation. Output pulses of 7-14 ps (FWHM) are observed from the short cavity dye laser when pumped with 15-30 ps duration 532 nm pulses. The output pulse delay and jitter are also investigated. A theoretical model for the temporal evolution of the pulses is presented and compared with the experimental results.     

Infrared pulses of 1 picosecond duration tunable between 4 μmand 18 μm

The generation of infrared pulses via difference frequency mixing of Nd:glass laser pulses and infrared dye laser pulses is discussed. Tuning between 4 and 18 μm is achieved by various combinations of laser dyes (dye No. 5 and A 9860) and nonlinear crystals (AgGaS₂ and GaSe). The energy of the mid-infrared pulses is in the order of a microjoule; and the photon conversion efficiency is ≲2%. The duration of the nearly bandwidth limited pulses is measured to be 1 ps. The system operates with a repetition rate of 1 Hz     

重复激光脉冲作用下薄膜损伤演化规律研究

为了深入研究重复激光脉冲的能量效应对光学薄膜的烧蚀机理,采用实验观测与热力学分析相结合的方法进行了研究。通过观察光学薄膜烧蚀形貌随入射激光脉冲数量增加发生改变的典型形貌特征,分析了激光与等离子体相互作用的热力学过程,得到了在激光重复脉冲作用下光学薄膜的损伤特性及其演化规律。结果表明,薄膜在重复脉冲作用下,其表面会变得粗糙,这会大大增加对激光的吸收效应,从而加速了薄膜的破坏,最终被完全去除而露出基底;同时,烧蚀物会在热膨胀作用下向激光作用区域外扩散,在激光烧蚀中心区域外进行沉积,而形成更大范围的污染。由于激光光强为高斯分布,重复脉冲作用的效应主要是对在光束中心区域的薄膜进行集中烧蚀,会不断增加烧蚀的损伤程度,而对烧蚀面积的增加效应极为有限。这一研究结果为重复激光脉冲对薄膜烧蚀机理的建立提供了参考。     

飞秒-纳秒脉冲激光烧蚀金属热效应分析

为了描述不同脉冲激光烧蚀金属表面作用过程,从双温模型出发,用有限元差分法对飞秒、皮秒和纳秒脉冲烧蚀金属表面的温度场进行了数值求解,将结果与不同的激光脉冲宽度内约化双温方程得到的解析解和简化方程进行了比较,并讨论了这些简化方程的适用范围和简化的合理性,还讨论了电子热流表达式与辐照激光光强的关系。计算结果表明,在不同脉冲宽度内的约化方程所得结果与双温模型数值求解符合得很好,证明了在飞秒领域,晶格温度可认为是常数,双温模型被简化为自由电子的温度变化方程;在皮秒激光领域,要用完整的双温方程描述;纳秒脉冲期间认为电子晶格温度相等,双温模型被简化为热传导方程。     

Simultaneous Switching of the Q -Value and Operation Wavelength in an Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser

We report a pulsed erbium-doped fiber laser with simultaneous switching of the laser cavity Q-value and generation wavelength. The laser generates a train of short pulses with adjacent pulses alternately being on one of two fixed wavelengths. This regime is realized at periodical modulation of physical length of overwritten fiber Bragg gratings composing the laser cavity     

基于六波混频的双波长红外光信号研究

利用钛宝石激光脉冲在铷原子蒸汽中通过非线性光学混频产生两个不同波长的红外光脉冲信号。研究了铷原子数密度、泵浦激光强度以及光脉冲啁啾对两个红外光信号之间竞争特性的影响。结果表明,两个红外光信号主要产生于两个耦合的差频参量六波混频过程;信号的强度随铷原子数密度、泵浦激光强度和光脉冲啁啾发生变化;两个红外光信号间的竞争主要由两个参量六波混频过程的相位匹配决定,相位匹配与铷原子数密度相关度很强,而与泵浦激光强度和光脉冲啁啾相关度很弱。     

高重复频率的增益开关Nd3+:YVO4+KTP绿光激光器

为了设计一种可连续和脉冲双模式输出的绿光激光器,采用一只半导体激光器端面抽运Nd3+:YVO4+KTP胶合晶体,通过腔内倍频,获得光-光转换效率为19%的连续绿光激光输出.利用增益开关技术,改变注入激光器的电脉冲波形,可得到方波、正弦波或三角波的绿光激光脉冲输出;调节激光器驱动电流的幅度和占空比可改变输出激光脉冲的强度和脉宽;改变驱动电源的重复频率可以使输出绿光激光脉冲的重复频率连续可调,最大重复频率可达2MHz.在重复频率为560kHz时,获得了输出绿光激光脉冲宽度为74ns、峰值功率为285mW、振幅噪声小于%.研究表明,利用增益开关技术可以获得重复频率和窄脉冲宽度的绿光激光脉冲.     

Surface and bulk structuring of materials by ripples with long and short laser pulses: Recent advances

Ripples are formed on the surface of solid materials after interaction with laser pulses of high intensity/irradiance. When ultra-short sub-1 ps laser pulses are used, the observed morphology of ripples on surfaces becomes much more complex as compared with ripples formed by long laser pulses. Uniquely for the short laser pulses, ripples can be formed in the bulk. A better understanding of the fundamentals of light-matter interaction in ripples formation is strongly required. Experimentally observed ripples and dependence of their parameters on laser fabrication conditions and material properties are summarized first. Then, a critical review of relevant ripple formation mechanisms is presented, discussed, and formation conjectures are presented.     

Simultaneous mode selection and pulse compression of gain-switchedpulses from a Fabry-Perot laser using a 40-mm chirped optical fibergrating

Simultaneous pulse compression and mode selection of gain-switched pulses from a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser are demonstrated using a chirped optical fiber Bragg grating, which has transformed initially chirped 60-ps pulses from an inexpensive multimode laser into a train of 12-ps single-mode pulses with a side-mode suppression ratio of 15.2 dB     

激光去除光纤涂敷层的实验研究

采用波长为10. 6μm的TEA CO2 红外激光和波长为248nm的KrF准分子激光去除SMF28光纤涂敷层,研究了激光脉冲能量密度和脉冲数与涂敷层去除效果之间的关系。实验 证明,涂敷层去除厚度随激光脉冲能量密度的增加呈对数增长,随红外激光脉冲数的增加呈对数变化,随紫外激光脉冲数的增加呈线性变化,且去除效果在红外激光8.15J / cm2、20个脉冲和紫外激光452mJ / cm2、800个脉冲下达到最佳。     

高重复频率的增益开关Nd3+:YVO4+KTP绿光激光器

摘要：介绍了可连续和脉冲双模式输出的绿光激光器。用一只半导体激光器端面抽运Nd3+:YVO4+KTP胶合晶体,通过腔内倍频,获得光-光转换效率为19%的连续绿光激光输出。利用增益开关技术,改变注入激光器的电脉冲波形,可以得到方波、正弦波或三角波的绿光激光脉冲输出;调节激光器驱动电流的幅度和占空比可改变输出激光脉冲的强度和脉宽;改变驱动电源的重复频率可以使输出绿光激光脉冲的重复频率连续可调,最大重复频率可达2MHz。在重复频率为560kHz时,获得了输出绿光激光脉冲宽度为74ns、峰值功率为285mW、振幅噪声小于3%。     

带磁开关的冲击-自持脉冲放电技术及其应用

本文通过对带磁开关的冲击-自持脉冲放电电路放电过程的分析,指出了该电路在激发准分子激光时的优点,在考虑准分子激光形成过程特点的基础上,进一步指出了利用该电路有利于制成高效率、高功率、长脉冲准分子激光器件.     

Mode-locking of diode laser-pumped Nd:YAG laser at 1.3 mu m

Reports on the development of a mode-locked AlGaAs diode laser pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1.3 mu m. The laser produces pulses of 47 ps duration with a time-bandwidth product of 0.42, which is close to the limit for Gaussian pulses.<>     

脉冲激光器种子注入状态检测装置与实验研究

为了解决非注入状态激光脉冲对非相干多普勒激光雷达测风结果可靠性的影响,利用注入与非注入状态激光脉冲建立时间不同的原理,设计和实现了一种脉冲激光种子注入状态检测器,其时间测量精度为45ps,测量时间范围为3.5ns~2500ns,最高脉冲重复频率为1kHz。利用该检测器对某型号Nd:YAG脉冲激光器进行了种子注入状态检测实验,结果显示注入(非注入)状态脉冲建立平均时间为123.27ns(134.44ns),1.35h内非注入状态激光脉冲占总激光脉冲比例为8.54%。结果表明,该脉冲激光种子注入状态检测器能够有效地检测出非注入状态的激光脉冲,对于提高激光雷达测风可靠性具有潜在的价值。     

掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光空间光强分布特性的测量研究

为了更好地利用飞秒激光光源,采用自行设计的光束横截面空间光强分布测量装置研究了掺钛蓝宝石飞秒激光放大系统(美国光谱物理公司)输出的40 GW飞秒激光束的空间光强分布特性.通过对测量系统精确标定及对输出光束光强分布的研究表明:飞秒放大系统输出激光束在低泵浦电流下的光斑质量较好,在高泵浦电流下光斑质量变差,并且观察到了光束横截面中心区域的光强较低泵浦电流反而减小的情况,在多通放大过程中泵浦光的光斑质量对飞秒激光束空间分布有很大影响.