区域指导的自适应帧内错误隐藏算法

提出了一种适用于H.264的区域指导的自适应帧内错误隐藏(ADEC)算法.该算法首先对受损块邻域进行边缘检测,通过对边缘信息的进一步分析排除边缘点匹配的模糊性,然后采用Bezier曲线拟合生成受损块内部边缘,并以此为指导进行区域划分,对不同区域自适应进行插值来重建受损块.实验表明,该算法能很好地保护受损场内部边缘,并适应不同内容类型的图像,差错隐藏效果明显.     

Spatial error concealment with edge related perceptual considerations

Video transmission over error-prone networks can suffer from packet erasures which can greatly reduce the quality of the received video. Error concealment methods reduce the perceived quality degradation at the receiving end by masking the effects of such errors. They accomplish this by exploiting temporal and spatial correlations that exist in image sequences. Spatial error concealment approaches conceal errors by making use of spatial information only which is necessary in cases where motion information is not available or reliable. The performance of such methods can be greatly increased if perceptual considerations are taken into account as, e.g., the preservation of edge information. This paper proposes a spatial error concealment method that uses edge-related information in order not only to preserve existing edges but also to avoid introducing new strong ones by switching to a smooth approximation of missing information where necessary. A novel switching algorithm which uses the directional entropy of neighbouring edges chooses between two interpolation methods, a directional along detected edges or a bilinear using the nearest neighbouring pixels. Results show that the performance of the proposed method is better compared to both ‘single interpolation’ and to edge strength-based switching methods.     

SPATIAL ERROR CONCEALMENT BASED ON MOJETTE TRANSFORM

This letter presents a novel spatial error concealment algorithm for the H.264 video coding. The error concealment algorithm is based on directional interpolation. Mojette transform is used to estimate the orientation features of the damaged blocks,and the image is interpolated in the appro-priate directions. The proposed method is compared with bilinear interpolation algorithm in the ref-erence implementation of H.264 and all directional interpolation. Experimental results prove that the proposed algorithm has better subjective and objective image reconstruction quality.     

基于张量投票的空域错误隐藏算法

针对现有空域错误隐藏算法对复杂纹理恢复精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于张量投票的错误隐藏算法,利用张量投票提取的结构信息改善复杂纹理区域的恢复效果,并在此基础上结合传统算法提出了改进的空域错误隐藏算法,即首先对丢失宏块分类,然后根据丢失宏块的类型选取合适的隐藏算法。实验表明,该算法有效地提高了恢复精度,避免了边缘错乱现象,尤其在纹理较复杂的区域,能够使隐藏图像的主客观质量有较大提高。     

卫星视频帧内自适应误码掩盖新算法

在易发生错误的卫星信道的传输过程中,视频会产生误码和丢包.根据视频的边缘特征,将丢失块分成平坦块、边缘块和纹理块.然后,自适应地选择双线性内插、方向内插或者新方向加权内插作为内插方法,提高重构视频质量,加速误码掩盖过程.为了减少梯度计算量,将噪声像素从候选预测像素列表中剔除.为了准确地呈现图像的方向信息以及抑制噪声,选择Prewitt算子作为梯度滤波器.另外,使用分数像素内插来提高插值精度,适应高清视频应用.客观评价结果显示,在解码时间稍微增加的情况下,峰值信噪比大约提升了3 dB.主观比较结果显示,提出的算法能够获得更高的视觉质量.     

Selective recovery of video packet loss using error concealment

An efficient recovery method using error concealment is proposed for video packet loss in fast packet switching networks. In this method, the receiver detects the damaged picture area caused by packet loss from the structured picture data received, makes error concealments, notifies the transmitter, and continues decoding. The transmitter, having received the notice, calculates the affected picture area in the local decoded picture and continues encoding without using this affected area. In this selective recovery method, video signals are not stopped even if a long propagation delay exists, no additional information is transmitted to error recovery and conventional coding algorithms can be used. The proposed method is suitable for multipoint communication. Simulation results show the affected picture area is localized for a considerable time attesting to the method's effectiveness     

Spatial shape error concealment for object-based image and video coding

In this paper, an original spatial shape error-concealment technique, to be used in the context of object-based image and video coding schemes, is proposed. In this technique, it is assumed that the shape of the corrupted object at hand is in the form of a binary alpha plane, in which some of the shape data is missing due to channel errors. From this alpha plane, a contour corresponding to the border of the object can be extracted. However, due to errors, some parts of the contour will be missing and, therefore, the contour will be broken. The proposed technique relies on the interpolation of the missing contours with Bézier curves, which is done based on the available surrounding contours. After all the missing parts of the contour have been interpolated, the concealed alpha plane can be easily reconstructed from the fully recovered contour and used instead of the erroneous one improving the final subjective impact.     

基于可伸缩视频编码的自适应误码隐藏方案

文中提出一种基于SVC的动态自适应误码隐藏方案。针对SVC码流增强层部分条带丢失情况,该方案结合散乱型灵活宏块排序功能,在宏块级别采用二阶差分边界匹配准则动态选择基本层和相邻条带信息恢复图像。实验表明,相对SVC标准参考平台JSVM的误码隐藏方案,文中提出方案在不同序列及丢包条件下,重建视频峰值信噪比均得到了一定提升。     

一种改进的H.264自适应帧内错误隐藏算法

提出了一种改进的H.264自适应帧内错误隐藏算法,使重建图像具有较好的平滑性,同时有效恢复了边缘信息。通过区域选择、亮度信号插值、块位置检测等方式,有效降低了解码运算量并解决了工程应用中的难点。在MATLAB和H.264标准测试平台JM86上分别进行验证,结果表明,该算法简单实用,适于实时处理,峰值信噪比高出一般传统方法 3 dB,改善了重建图像的主、客观质量,具有较高的应用价值.     

基于场景转换检测的混合差错掩盖方法

提出了一种基于场景转换检测的混合差错掩盖法。该方法通过场景转换检测，充分利用时域信息重建图像，并将场景转换检测中收集的信息用于局部运动的判断，以便将时域掩盖法引入I帧，而在发生场景转换时，使用权值随距离自动调整的空域掩盖法。仿真实验表明，该方法在满足实时视频要求的条件下，可有效地恢复视频差错与抑制视频差错的扩散，取得较好的差错掩盖效果。     

Error concealment with error level tracking and backward frame update

Conventional error concealment (EC) algorithms suffer from the quality degradation as the frame number increases within a group of pictures (GOP). Presented is an EC framework to improve the quality of frames in the rear of a GOP. The framework is composed of two phases: forward decoding and backward frame update. Experimental results show better performance in peak signal-to-noise ratio and subjective quality is obtained using this EC framework.     

Packet video error concealment with Gaussian mixture models.

In this paper, Gaussian mixture modeling is applied to error concealment for block-based packet video. A Gaussian mixture model for video data is obtained offline and is thereafter utilized online in order to restore lost blocks from spatial and temporal surrounding information. We propose estimators on closed form for missing data in the case of varying available neighboring contexts. Our error concealment strategy increases peak signal-to-noise ratio compared to previously proposed schemes. Examples of improved subjective visual quality by means of the proposed method are also supplied.     

基于下抽样多描述视频编码及错误隐藏

采用基于空间下抽样方法实现多描述视频编码,避免了常用多描述视频编码过程的误匹配问题;系统实现了2种不同的多描述分解方案,适用于不同纹理特点的视频图像.为了提高多描述解码器的性能,解码过程中使用基于自适应的边缘保持插值方法进行后处理.仿真实验结果表明,本文提出的编码方法能有效地应用于视频在不同的网络环境下传输;经过解码的后处理过程后,视频图像的信噪比有了明显提高.     

进化策略在最佳邻域匹配差错补偿中的应用

文中改进了ＢＮＭ的搜索机制,提出结合进行化策略（ＥＳ）的ＥＳ－ＢＮＭ的差错补偿算法,比较实验证明,该算法在结果接近ＢＮＭ算法的同时,大大减少了计算时间,提高了计算效率。ＥＳ－ＢＮＭ算法也再一次证明了进化算法是一种高效的优化搜索方法。     

多视点立体视频传输系统与错误隐藏算法设计

针对多视点立体视频数据量大、网络带宽受限等问题,提出了一种分组传输多路复用的多视点立体视频实时传输系统。系统将多视点数据通过H.264/AVC压缩编码后,在两个IP链路中进行分组复用,实现了立体视频在带宽受限网络中的实时传输;同时,为了解决IP网络传输中的丢包问题,提出一种联合时域视点间预测的错误隐藏算法。最后通过实验表明,本文错误隐藏算法可以提高多视点立体视频的解码质量。     

Robust image transmission using resynchronizing variable-lengthcodes and error concealment

Resynchronizing variable-length codes (RVLCs) for large alphabets are designed by first creating resynchronizing Huffman codes and then adding an extended synchronizing codeword, and the RVLCs are applied to both JPEG and wavelet-based image compression. The RVLCs demonstrate the desired resynchronization properties, both at a symbol level and structurally so that decoded data can be correctly placed within an image following errors. The encoded images, when subject to both structural and statistical error detection and concealment, can tolerate BERs of up to 10^-4 and are very tolerant of burst errors. The RVLC-JPEG images have negligible overhead at visually lossless bit rates, while the RVLC-wavelet overhead can be adjusted based on the desired tolerance to burst errors and typically ranges from 7 to 18%. The tolerance to both bit and burst errors demonstrates that images coded with such RVLCs can be transmitted over imperfect channels suffering bit errors or packet losses without channel coding for the image data, or with less channel coding than would be required if the encoded image data could tolerate no bit errors. While the overhead is nontrivial for the RVLC-wavelet images and the lower-rate RVLC-JPEG images, the encoded bitstreams do not have the firm restrictions on numbers or spacings of bit errors that some error correcting codes have, and hence provide more graceful degradation     

New recovery error indicator for adaptive finite-element analysis on waveguiding structures

The adaptive finite-element method (FEM) is an iterative variant of the FEM where, in a first step, an initial mesh with few and low-order elements is generated, the corresponding algebraic problem is solved and the error in the solution is estimated in order to add degrees of freedom in those regions of the domain with the biggest error estimation. This process is repeated until an ending condition is reached. The two basic stages in this method are the error indication and the mesh enrichment. In this paper, within the analysis of waveguiding structures, a new error indicator based on the curl recovery is described. In addition, an overview on refinement techniques is presented, and the h-refinement employed in this study is briefly described. Results obtained with the curl-recovery indicator are discussed and compared with the classical nonadaptive FEM and two previously developed error indicators: the residual and flux continuity indicators.     

Spatiotemporal error concealment with optimized mode selection and application to H.264

In this paper we propose an error concealment algorithm for video transmission over lossy packet networks. The proposed technique is based on temporal and spatial interpolation. A sophisticated mode selection algorithm decides whether to employ the temporal or the spatial part, or a combination thereof, to estimate a missing macroblock; the selection does not rely on knowledge of the original coding modes. The resulting error concealment algorithm is designed so as to optimize both PSNR and visual quality of the restored video sequence, and employs directional interpolation and texture analysis/synthesis. The technique has been applied to H.264 coded video, providing satisfactory results on a number of test sequences.     

Combined error concealment and error correction in rate-distortion analysis for multiple substream transmissions.

We propose a new framework for multiple scalable bitstream video communications over lossy channels. The major feature of the framework is that the encoder estimates the effects of postprocessing concealment and includes those effects in the rate-distortion analysis. Based on the framework, we develop a rate-distortion optimization algorithm to generate multiple scalable bitstreams. The algorithm maximizes the expected peak signal-to-noise ratio by optimally assigning forward error control codes and transmission schemes in a constrained bandwidth. The framework is a general approach motivated by previous methods that perform concealment in the decoder, as in our special case. Simulations show that the proposed approach can be implemented efficiently and that it outperforms previous methods by more than 2 dB.     

基于H．263视频解码的错误检测和掩盖

本文提出了一种应用于H．263视频编码传输的纠错方法,即基于H．263视频解码的错误检测和掩盖算法。这种算法可应用于公共交换电话网（PSTN）,Internet或移动信道的视频通信。模拟结果表明,这种纠错方法在不降低编码效率的前提下,使在有噪声干扰的信道上传输图像的质量有显著的改善。