可再生能源发电的展望

21世纪能源结构将会发生根本的变化。寻找和开发利用清洁高效的可再生能源，将是世界能源发展的必然趋势。文章介绍了国内外新能源发电技术的现状与前景，针对中国所面临的挑战，提出了可再生能源发电问题的建议。     

Development modes analysis of renewable energy power generation in North Africa

North African countries generally have strategic demands for energy transformation and sustainable development. Renewable energy development is important to achieve this goal. Considering three typical types of renewable energies— wind, photovoltaic (PV), and concentrating solar power (CSP)—an optimal planning model is established to minimize construction costs and power curtailment losses. The levelized cost of electricity is used as an index for assessing economic feasibility. In this study, wind and PV, wind / PV / CSP, and transnational interconnection modes are designed for Morocco, Egypt, and Tunisia. The installed capacities of renewable energy power generation are planned through the time sequence production simulation method for each country. The results show that renewable energy combined with power generation, including the CSP mode, can improve reliability of the power supply and reduce the power curtailment rate. The transnational interconnection mode can help realize mutual benefits of renewable energy power, while the apportionment of electricity prices and trading mechanisms are very important and are related to economic feasibility; thus, this mode is important for the future development of renewable energy in North Africa.     

省际可再生能源发电项目开发水平评价研究

为评估不同省域可再生能源发电项目的综合开发水平,基于全产业链视角,文章从可再生能源资源开发水平、可再生能源电力生产水平和可再生能源电力消纳水平三个维度,建立了区域可再生能源发电项目开发评价指标体系。根据最小信息鉴别原理,综合不同类型定性和定量赋权方法的优点,提出组合权重赋权法,构建了基于理想点法的区域可再生能源发电项目开发水平评价模型。将模型有效应用于东南沿海5省和"三北"地区5省区的数据分析,测评得出不同省份可再生能源发电项目开发总体表现和各项指标差异,用以科学确定各区域发展水平和特征,帮助优化区域可再生能源电力可持续发展。     

Automation infrastructure and operation control strategy in a stand-alone power system based on renewable energy sources

The design of the automation system and the implemented operation control strategy in a stand-alone power system in Greece are fully analyzed in the present study. A photovoltaic array and three wind generators serve as the system main power sources and meet a predefined load demand. A lead-acid accumulator is used to compensate the inherent power fluctuations (excess or shortage) and to regulate the overall system operation, based on a developed power management strategy. Hydrogen is produced by using system excess power in a proton exchange membrane (PEM) electrolyzer and is further stored in pressurized cylinders for subsequent use in a PEM fuel cell in cases of power shortage. A diesel generator complements the integrated system and is employed only in emergency cases, such as subsystems failure. The performance of the automatic control system is evaluated through the real-time operation of the power system where data from the various subsystems are recorded and analyzed using a supervised data acquisition unit. Various network protocols were used to integrate the system devices into one central control system managing in this way to compensate for the differences between chemical and electrical subunits. One of the main advantages is the ability of process monitoring from distance where users can perform changes to system principal variables. Furthermore, the performance of the implemented power management strategy is evaluated through simulated scenarios by including a case study analysis on system abilities to meet higher than expected electrical load demands.     

北京农村可再生能源的发展战略

在分析北京市可再生能源的资源条件、利用历史及发展现状的基础上,提出了今后一段时间北京农村可再生能源的发展战略,即围绕把北京农村建设成为全国可再生能源利用的高水平示范区这一中心目标,抓好可再生能源开发与节能两个关键环节,聚焦太阳能热利用、生物质燃气和住房节能改造3个战略重点,实施可再生能源产品研发与技术升级、示范区工程、服务体系等6项重要建设内容。最后,从资金、市场、政策、技术与服务等方面提出了促进北京农村可再生能源发展的具体保障措施。     

Utilization of renewable energy sources for power generation in Iran

Utilization of non-renewable energy sources not only results in environmental deterioration but also confronts us with the dilemma of a rapid rate of depletion of such resources, while renewable energy sources can serve us indefinitely with minimal environmental impacts as compared with fossil and nuclear fuels.This article deals with the extent of harnessing renewable energy sources for power generation in Iran, a Middle Eastern Asian nation.     

Analysis of renewable energy development to power generation in the United States

Renewable energy resources have historically played a small role for electricity generation in the US. However, concerns such as security of energy supply, limitations and price fluctuations of fossil fuels, and threats of climate changes have encouraged US policy makers to think and debate about diversification strategy in the energy supply and promotion of renewables. The current paper discusses the role of renewable portfolio in the US energy action plan during 2010–2030. A system dynamics model is constructed to evaluate different costs of renewable energy utilization by 2030. Results show that while renewables will create a market with near 10 billion $ worth (in the costs level) in 2030, the total value of renewable energy promotion and utilization in the US will be more than 170 billion $(in the costs level) during 2010–2030.     

德国可再生能源发电的补偿标准

2000年4月，德国可再生能源法(EEG)代替了1991年生效的电力供应法(StrEG)。新颁布的可再生能源法，调整了各种可再生能源发电的补偿标准。其中对风力发电在装备投产使用后的不同时期规定了不同的补偿标准。即初期阶段较高的补偿标准，和后续期较低的补偿标准。因为风电的补偿与风机安装地点风力资源的多少，即与风机安装地点的质量有关，因此，为了使补偿值的确定更为合理，在可再生能源法中引入了。推荐     

大规模储能电站参与电力系统自动发电控制的协调控制策略优化研究

文章提出了一种双层结构的储能电站参与电网二次调频的优化控制策略。首先,综合对比分析了常规机组与储能电站参与电网二次调频的技术特性,并在调度层面对储能电站与常规机组的功率进行解耦;然后研究了储能电站辅助火电机组调频的协调控制框架,以实现不同调频资源的合理分配;在储能电站主控层面,建立了表征储能实时调频能力的评估模型,并采用改进遗传算法对模型进行求解,以对储能各单元出力进行精细化协调管理;最后,基于仿真模型验证了所提控制策略的有效性。     

中国可再生能源发展目标

在国际可再生能源会议上,国家发改委能源局代表中国政府在“中国可再生能源开发战略规划”中承诺:布署全国可再生能源战略,主要包括:确定国家发展目标;构建执行计划;制定适当的制度安排;制定融资计划。预期目标:到2010年,可再生能源的总装机容量达到60GW,占全国总电力装机容量的10%。其中小水电(50GW),风力发电(4GW),生物质发电(6GW),太阳能发电(450kW)。到2020年,新能源发电的总装机容量将达到约121GW,占全国总电力装机容量的12%。同时,加强可再生能源热利用及液化生物质油的技术应用。至2020年,依靠此类技术的可再生能源可以替代20万…     

我国可再生能源并网发电项目总览

国家发改委、国家电监会近日根据《可再生能源发电价格和费用分摊管理试行办法》,公布了可再生能源并网发电项目2006年度电价补贴金额,标志     

Investigation of distributed power generation based on renewable energy sources and hydrogen batteries

The paper deals with investigation of distributed renewable power sources use efficiency by the example of solar power plant, wind farm and biogas power plants. The paper uses statistical data collection on weather conditions and solar radiation in different regions of the Russian Federation to assess effectiveness. It has been found out that arrangement of solar power plants and wind farms in the Republic of Bashkortostan is more profitable than their arrangement in other regions (Astrakhan, Vladivostok, Gorno-Altaisk, Makhachkala, St. Petersburg), and the use of biogas power plant is profitable in the region, where the production of biofuels is possible, including the Republic of Bashkortostan. Moreover, the paper presents a high-speed magnetoelectric generator for microturbines. In order to save and generate electric energy in accordance with consumer load curve, hydrogen batteries have been examined.     

Frequency deviation control by coordination control of FC and double-layer capacitor in an autonomous hybrid renewable energy power generation system

In this paper, a novel control strategy for frequency control in stand-alone application based on coordination control of fuel cells (FCs) and double-layer capacitor (DLC) bank in an autonomous hybrid renewable energy power generation system is implemented. The proposed renewable energy power generation subsystems include wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic system (PV), FC system and DLC bank as energy storage system. The system performance under different condition has been verified by using real weather data. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of proposed studied hybrid power generation system feeding isolated loads in power frequency balance condition.     

An energy management approach for renewable energy integration with power generation and water desalination

The share of the renewable energy sources (RES) in the global electricity market is substantially increasing as a result of the commitment of many countries to increase the contribution of the RES to their energy mix. However, the integration of RES in the electricity grid increases the complexity of the grid management due to the variability and the intermittent nature of these energy sources. Energy storage solutions such as batteries offer either short-term storage that is not sufficient or longer period storage that is significantly expensive. This paper introduces an energy management approach which can be applied in the case of power and desalinated water generation. The approach is based on mathematical optimization model which accounts for random variations in demands and energy supply. The approach allows using desalination plants as a deferrable load to mitigate for the variability of the renewable energy supply and water and/or electricity demands. A mathematical linear programming model is developed to show the applicability of this idea and its effectiveness in reducing the impact of the uncertainty in the environment. The model is solved for the real world case of Saudi Arabia. The optimal solution accounts for random variations in the renewable energy supply and water and/or electricity demands while minimizing the total costs for generating water and power.     

我国可再生能源发展现状和前景展望

近年来,可再生能源发展迅速并取得了显著成绩,发展可再生能源己经成为许多国家能源发展战略的重要组成部分。文章从我国可再生能源发展现状和世界可再生能源发展趋势入手,分析了目前我国可再生能源发展过程中存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策建议,在此基础上,对我国可再生能源的发展前景进行了展望。     

Coordinated voltage control of renewable energy power plants in weak sending-end power grid

The utilization of renewable energy in sending-end power grids is increasing rapidly, which brings difficulties to voltage control. This paper proposes a coordinated voltage control strategy based on model predictive control (MPC) for the renewable energy power plants of wind and solar power connected to a weak sending-end power grid (WSPG). Wind turbine generators (WTGs), photovoltaic arrays (PVAs), and a static synchronous compensator are coordinated to maintain voltage within a feasible range during operation. This results in the full use of the reactive power capability of WTGs and PVAs. In addition, the impact of the active power outputs of WTGs and PVAs on voltage control are considered because of the high R/X ratio of a collector system. An analytical method is used for calculating sensitivity coefficients to improve computation efficiency. A renewable energy power plant with 80 WTGs and 20 PVAs connected to a WSPG is used to verify the proposed voltage control strategy. Case studies show that the coordinated voltage control strategy can achieve good voltage control performance, which improves the voltage quality of the entire power plant.     

Review on grid-forming converter control methods in high-proportion renewable energy power systems

Grid-forming (GFM) converters can provide inertia support for power grids through control technology,stabilize voltage and frequency,and improve system stability,unlike traditional grid-following (GFL) converters.Therefore,in future “double high” power systems,research on the control technology of GFM converters will become an urgent demand.In this paper,we first introduce the basic principle of GFM control and then present five currently used control strategies for GFM converters:droop control,...     

A real options model for renewable energy investment with application to solar photovoltaic power generation in China

This paper proposes a real options model for evaluating renewable energy investment by considering uncertain factors such as CO₂ price, non-renewable energy cost, investment cost and market price of electricity. A phase-out mechanism is built into the model to reflect the long-term changes of subsidy policy. We apply the proposed model to empirically evaluate the investment value and optimal timing for solar photovoltaic power generation in China. Our empirical results show that the current investment environment in China may not be able to attract immediate investment, while the development of carbon market helps advance the optimal investment time. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to investigate the dynamics of investment value and optimal timing under the changes of unit generating capacity, subsidy level, market price of electricity, CO₂ price and investment cost. It is found that the high investment cost and the volatility of electricity and CO₂ prices, are not conducive to attract immediate investment. Instead, increasing the level of subsidy, promoting technological progress and maintaining the stability of market are useful to stimulate investment.     

Multilevel converters control for renewable energy integration to the power grid

The paper deals with the multilevel converters control strategy for renewable energy resources integration in distribution grids. The proposed control scheme ensures the injection of the generated power in the distribution grid with fast dynamic response, while providing an additional active power filtering capability providing the required harmonic and reactive currents to the considered non-linear loads. The proposed control scheme is applicable to a general multilevel converter and to any types of the renewable energy resources. The control scheme is validated by means of simulations with a three-level diode-clamped converter which interfaces a wind power generation system to a distribution grid supplying non-linear loads. From extensive simulation results, high performance of this control strategy in renewable energy application is demonstrated with reduced total harmonic distortion, increased power factor and compensated load’s reactive powers.     

我国2007年农村可再生能源发展现状与趋势

据农业部对全国农村可再生能源统计结果表明,目前农村居民生活用能呈稳步增长趋势,农村可再生能源发展迅速,能源消费结构以秸秆和薪柴为主,但存在着商品能源消费城乡差距较大,地域差异显著等问题.分析表明,商品能源无法满足中国农村能源发展需求.我国拥有丰富的可再生能源资源,可供农村地区开发利用的可再生能源主要包括太阳能、风能、小水电、地热能、生物质能.为促进在我国农村地区发展可再生能源产业,建议采取完善可再生能源开发利用的政策法规体系,消除可再生能源开发利用的市场障碍,加大资金投入力度,多能互补开发农村能源,加快服务体系建设等措施.