Application characteristics of heat storage material system

电储热技术是当前适应煤改电环保需求和清洁供暖发展趋势的一项新技术,各种温度级别的储热材料均存在,根据需求选择并制备材料,进而设计电热储能的系统结构成为储热研究关键内容。本文针对蓄热材料的热性能进行了应用特性研究,分析并提出一种蓄热材料温度体系,并对高温蓄热材料应用特点进行了系统设计分析与比较,提出一种基于特制氧化镁的电阻式蓄热系统设计方法,并分析其特点。     

A simulation study on a solar heat pump heating system with seasonal latent heat storage

Solar heating systems with seasonal energy storage have attracted an increasing attention over the past decades. However, studies of such systems using a phase change material (PCM) as seasonal storage medium have not been found in the open literature. In this paper a solar heat pump heating system with seasonal latent heat thermal storage (SHPH–SLHTS) is firstly described. This is followed by reporting the development of a simplified mathematical model for a SHPH–SLHTS system. Using the model developed, the operational performances of a SHPH–SLHTS system which provided space heating to a villa building have been investigated by simulation, and simulation results are reported in this paper.     

铝/石蜡复合相变材料蓄热性能的数值模拟

相变储能材料由于其具有周期性储存和释放能量的特点,在电池热管理、太阳能发电等领域应用广泛,然而由于导热系数低的原因限制了其进一步的应用.高导热率泡沫材料的添加为解决这一不足提供了一种有效的方法.采用三周期性极小曲面(triply periodic minimal surface,TPMS)生成泡沫铝骨架,基于孔隙尺度数...     

Numerical and experimental study of spherical capsules packed bed latent heat storage system

A numerical model to simulate a storage system composed of spherical capsules filled with PCM placed inside a cylindrical tank fitted with a working fluid circulation system to charge and discharge the storage tank. The simplified transient one-dimensional model is based on dividing the tank into a number of axial layers whose thickness is always equal or larger than a capsule diameter. It is also assumed that the temperature of the working fluid is uniform and equal to the average temperature of the layer. The solidification process inside the spherical capsule is treated by using a conductive one-dimensional phase change model with convective boundary condition on the external surface. The convection present in the liquid phase of the PCM is treated by using an effective heat conduction coefficient in the liquid region of the PCM. The solution of the differential equations is realized by the finite difference approximation and a moving grid inside the spherical capsules. The geometrical and operational parameters of the system are investigated both numerically and experimentally and their influence on the charging and discharging times was investigated.     

Thermal conductivity and latent heat thermal energy storage characteristics of paraffin/expanded graphite composite as phase change material

This study aimed determination of proper amount of paraffin (n-docosane) absorbed into expanded graphite (EG) to obtain form-stable composite as phase change material (PCM), examination of the influence of EG addition on the thermal conductivity using transient hot-wire method and investigation of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) characteristics of paraffin such as melting time, melting temperature and latent heat capacity using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The paraffin/EG composites with the mass fraction of 2%, 4%, 7%, and 10% EG were prepared by absorbing liquid paraffin into the EG. The composite PCM with mass fraction of 10% EG was considered as form-stable allowing no leakage of melted paraffin during the solid–liquid phase change due to capillary and surface tension forces of EG. Thermal conductivity of the pure paraffin and the composite PCMs including 2, 4, 7 and 10 wt% EG were measured as 0.22, 0.40, 0.52, 0.68 and 0.82 W/m K, respectively. Melting time test showed that the increasing thermal conductivity of paraffin noticeably decreased its melting time. Furthermore, DSC analysis indicated that changes in the melting temperatures of the composite PCMs were not considerable, and their latent heat capacities were approximately equivalent to the values calculated based on the mass ratios of the paraffin in the composites. It was concluded that the composite PCM with the mass fraction of 10% EG was the most promising one for LHTES applications due to its form-stable property, direct usability without a need of extra storage container, high thermal conductivity, good melting temperature and satisfying latent heat storage capacity.     

Modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry as a latent storage material

This paper presents the modeling and optimization of a solar assisted heat pump using ice slurry. Solar collectors are used as the primary source of thermal energy, with two distinct loops allowing the collectors to operate in series with an ice tank, or a warm water tank. Thermal energy stored in the ice tank is transferred to a warm water distribution tank via a heat pump. First, a new mathematical model of an ice slurry storage tank is presented. Validation of the model with experimental data confirms its ability to predict the ice mass and tank fluid temperatures during the charging and discharging modes of operation. The developed ice tank model is combined with the TRNSYS energy simulation program to formulate a complete model of the proposed heat pump system. This computer model then serves as a base for a mathematical optimization with the objective to minimize the energy use for heating and DHW over a single heating season. Simulated results demonstrate the potential of the optimized system in reducing the heating operating energy use of a high performance home in Montreal, QC.     

蔬菜大棚利用太阳能地下蓄热实践分析

对蔬菜大棚利用太阳能增温进行试验测试、分析和研究.试验结果表明:12个测温点的温室内土壤温度的月平均温度比没有安装太阳集热模块的高2～3℃.土壤温度的升高有利于蔬菜的生长,提高了温室大棚的经济效益.     

太阳能单罐蓄热系统的数值模拟与性能分析研究

文章以太阳能单罐蓄热系统为研究模型,以新型三元熔融盐KNO3-Na NO3-Na NO2为传热、蓄热介质,利用Fluent软件对熔融盐在斜温层蓄热单罐中的流动规律和传热特性进行数值模拟研究。研究结果表明:随着熔融盐入口流速的增大,斜温层厚度逐渐增加,蓄热效率逐渐降低,但过低的入口流速会延长蓄热周期;冬季、夏季工况下,应对罐体进行保温,并减少蓄热进程的中断,以降低热损失,提高蓄热单罐的蓄热效率。研究结果为单罐蓄热系统蓄热效率的提高指明了一条新思路,并为更加复杂的单罐传热以及蓄热模型的改进与研究奠定基础。     

Numerical simulation of solar assisted ground-source heat pump heating system with latent heat energy storage in severely cold area

Solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) heating system with latent heat energy storage tank (LHEST) is investigated. The mathematical model of the system is developed, and the transient numerical simulation is carried out in terms of this model. The operation characteristic of the heating system is analyzed during the heating period in Harbin (N45.75°, E126.77°). From the results of the simulation, the average coefficient of performance (COP) of the heating system is 3.28 in heating period. In the initial and latter heating period, the COP of the heating system is higher, and the highest value is 5.95, because the system can be operated without heat pump. During the middle heating period the COP of the heating system and the operation stability of the system are improved due to solar energy and soil alternately or together as the heat source of heat pump. LHEST is a very important role in operation of the system. The system can be operated more flexibly, effectively, and stably by the charge and discharge heat of LHEST, and the effect becomes especially obvious in the initial and latter heating period.     

Heat storage for wood drying using solar heat

储热技术有利于提高太阳能的利用率,降低传统木材干燥的能耗,对木材工业的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文系统地阐述了储热技术的基本原理,简要介绍了其应用概况;结合国内外研究现状,分析了储热技术在木材太阳能干燥中的应用,并指出了储热技术在木材太阳能干燥中的发展趋势。     

Energy and exergy analysis of a latent heat storage system with phase change material for a solar collector

Analysis of energy and exergy has been performed for a latent heat storage system with phase change material (PCM) for a flat-plate solar collector. CaCl₂·6H₂O was used as PCM in thermal energy storage (TES) system. The designed collector combines in single unit solar energy collection and storage. PCMs are stored in a storage tank, which is located under the collector. A special heat transfer fluid was used to transfer heat from collector to PCM. Exergy analysis, which is based on the second law of thermodynamics, and energy analysis, which is based on the first law, were applied for evaluation of the system efficiency for charging period. The analyses were performed on 3 days in October. It was observed that the average net energy and exergy efficiencies are 45% and 2.2%, respectively.     

Dynamic simulation of a solar pumping system

Dynamic simulation packages are powerful tools for the investigation of highly non-linear systems. In this paper the simulation program PSI is used to investigate the characteristics of a solar pumping system consisting of PV array, dc motor and pump. Analysis and results for the method are included the paper.     

Latent heat storage for solar energy systems: Transient simulation of refrigerant storage

This paper presents a brief review of the available latent heat storage systems for solar energy utilization. A new concept of latent heat storage of solar energy via the refrigerant-absorbent mass storage in absorption cycle heat pump systems used for solar space heating/cooling has been proposed and assessed thermodynamically. A computer modelling and numerical simulation study shows that the concept of refrigerant storage is fundamentally sound, technically feasible and yields the following advantages over other storage methods: (i) the storage capacity per unit volume is high as the latent heat of vaporization of the refrigerant is high; (ii) the heat loss from the storage to the surroundings is minimum as the storage temperature is near the ambient; (iii) prolonged energy storage is possible with no degradation in system performance and hence suitable for combined solar heating and airconditioning. The effects of operating parameters on the energy storage concentration and storage efficiency have been studied in detail.     

Thermal and heat transfer characteristics in a latent heat storage system using lauric acid

The thermal and heat transfer characteristics of lauric acid during the melting and solidification processes were determined experimentally in a vertical double pipe energy storage system. In this study, three important subjects were addressed. The first one is temperature distributions and temporal temperature variations in the radial and axial distances in the phase change material (PCM) during phase change processes. The second one is the thermal characteristics of the lauric acid, which include total melting and total solidification times, the nature of heat transfer in melted and solidified PCM and the effect of Reynolds and Stefan numbers as inlet heat transfer fluid (HTF) conditions on the phase transition parameters. The final one is to calculate the heat transfer coefficient and the heat flow rate and also discuss the role of Reynolds and Stefan numbers on the heat transfer parameters. The experimental results proved that the PCM melts and solidifies congruently, and the melting and solidification front moved from the outer wall of the HTF pipe (HTFP) to the inner wall of the PCM container in radial distances as the melting front moved from the top to the bottom of the PCM container in axial distances. However, it was difficult to establish the solidification proceeding at the axial distances in the PCM. Though natural convection in the liquid phase played a dominant role during the melting process due to buoyancy effects, the solidification process was controlled by conduction heat transfer, and it was slowed by the conduction thermal resistance through the solidified layer. The results also indicated that the average heat transfer coefficient and the heat flow rate were affected by varying the Reynolds and Stefan numbers more during the melting process than during the solidification process due to the natural convection effect during the melting process.     

太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统实验测试和数值模拟研究

太阳能的高效利用是解决能源短缺和环境污染问题的主要手段之一。文章基于太阳能相变蓄热系统,建立带有辅助热源的太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统实验台,并利用该实验台对相变材料(融点为48~50℃的石蜡)进行热能存储实验。实验结果表明:加热12 min后,顶层石蜡温度达到140℃以上,并且融化完全;加载完成后,中层石蜡的最高温度为63℃;静置2 h后,储能罐中的石蜡开始放载,最后均匀混合,顶层、中层和底层石蜡的温度均达到42℃。文章在实验结果的基础上,利用Fluent软件对太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统内相变材料(石蜡和熔融盐)的换热过程进行数值模拟,模拟结果表明,在相同时间内,当采用石蜡作为相变材料时,太阳能单罐相变蓄热系统的换热效率较高。     

蓄热型太阳能-地源热泵耦合系统设计

以所设计的新型蓄热太阳能-地源热泵耦合系统为研究对象进行了现场模拟实验,太阳能集热器具有季节性蓄热功能,蓄热水箱可在冬季高品质供暖,夏季实现高效制冷。通过实验研究和经济分析结果显示,系统中地埋管换热器和蓄热水箱间歇运行,有利于地下温度场的恢复,延长地埋管的使用寿命,提高地源热泵工作效率及使用年限,具有明显的经济效益。     

Investigation of heat transfer and friction characteristics of packed bed solar air heater using wire mesh as packing material

An experimental investigation has been carried out on a packed bed solar air heater using wire mesh as packing material. Data pertaining to heat transfer and friction characteristics were collected for air flow rates ranging from 0.0159 to 0.0347 kg/s-m² for eight sets of matrices with varying geometrical parameters. The thermal efficiency of a packed bed solar air heater was compared with that of a conventional solar air heater to determine the enhancement which was found to be strong function of system and operating parameters of the bed. It was found that an enhancement of the order of 76.9-89.5% can be obtained. Experimental data were utilised to develop correlations for Colburn J_h factor and friction factor as function of geometrical parameters of the bed and the flow Reynolds number. These correlations were found to predict the experimental results with reasonable accuracy. It has also been found that the present correlations show much better agreement as compared to the values predicted by earlier correlations for such systems.     

Integrated solar collector storage system based on a salt-hydrate phase-change material

A new integrated collector storage (ICS) concept for low-temperature solar heating of water is described. The solar energy is stored in a salt-hydrate phase-change material (PCM) held in the collector and is discharged to cold water flowing through a surface heat exchanger located in a layer of stationary heat transfer liquid (SHTL), floating over an immiscible layer of PCM. A theoretical model for the charging process of the proposed integrated collector is presented. The model assumes one-dimensional transient heat conduction in the PCM and SHTL layers and neglects the effect of convection heat transfer in these regions. The model was solved numerically by an enthalpy-based finite differences method and validated against experimental data. The results of parametric studies on the effect of the transition temperature and of the thickness layer of the salt-hydrate PCM on the thermal performance of the charging process are also presented.     

Performance evaluation of a solar thermal energy storage system using nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material

This paper presents a numerical investigation on the thermal performance of a solar latent heat storage unit composed of rectangular slabs combined with a flat-plate solar collector. The rectangular slabs of the storage unit are vertically arranged and filled with phase change material (PCM: RT50) dispersed with high conductive nanoparticles (Al₂O₃). A heat transfer fluid (HTF: water) goes flow in the solar collector and receives solar thermal energy form the absorber area, then circulates between the slabs to transfer heat by forced convection to nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material (NEPCM). A numerical model based on the finite volume method and the conservation equations was developed to model the heat transfer and flow processes in the storage unit. The developed model was validated by comparing the obtained results with the experimental, numerical and theoretical results published in the literature. The thermal performance of the investigated latent heat storage unit combined with the solar collector was evaluated under the meteorological data of a representative day of the month of July in Marrakesh city, Morocco. The effect of the dispersion of high conductive nanoparticles on the thermal behavior and storage performance was also evaluated and compared with the case of base PCM without additives.