光纤金属腐蚀传感器研究及应用进展

光纤传感技术具有诸多传统的检测方法不具备的优点,如防电磁干扰、传感器体积小、重量轻,可以进行远距离探测等,近年来越来越多的应用于金属腐蚀监测领域。本文综述了探测透射光强型、光纤光栅型、荧光光谱型等类型的光纤金属腐蚀传感器的工作原理、研究应用现状及发展趋势。     

混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀智能监测技术

对混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀监测技术的研究成果进行了综述,同时指出传统监测手段的不足之处,并提出了智能监测技术的要求;着重分析了钢筋腐蚀监测光纤传感器和无线传感器的研究进展,并展望了混凝土结构中钢筋腐蚀智能监测技术的发展方向.     

Experimental methods designed for measuring corrosion in highly resistive and inhomogeneous media

Corrosion measurement in highly resistive and inhomogeneous media can be very challenging due to practical difficulties in setting up and maintaining testing cells and sensors, problems associated with IR potential drops and nonuniform polarisation current distribution, and limitations associated with localised corrosion monitoring and detection. Many technological innovations have been made over the past decade to address these issues with reports scattered throughout the literature. This paper provides an overview of innovative experimental methods designed for corrosion testing and monitoring in highly-resistive and inhomogeneous media, with particular focus on localised corrosion measurement using electrode array and electrochemical noise techniques.     

Sophisticated Electrochemical methods for MIC investigation and monitoring

Due to the electrochemical nature of MIC electrochemical methods are useful tools to study reactions at the metal/biofilm interface, investigate MIC mechanisms and monitor the onset of MIC and its propagation. The paper discusses various electrochemical methods—measurement of corrosion potential, redox potential, polarization resistance, galvanic currents, large signal polarization techniques, random potential pulse method, electrochemical impedance spectrometry, electrochemical relaxation methods (programmed pulse relaxation, sinusoidal ac relaxation), electrochemical noise analysis, scanning vibrating electrode techniques (Kelvin probe, vibrating microreference electrode, electrochemical sensors)–;with respect to their applicability and merits for MIC investigations and monitoring.     

多孔薄板式气体腐蚀性探测电池

研制了一种多孔薄板结构的电化学探测电池,能按气体环境腐蚀性的强弱转换成电池电流输出。根据输出的电流及其积分电量可计算金属在气体中的瞬间及平均腐蚀速度。本文介绍这种探测电池的性能和使用范围,着重讨论碳钢电解电池的电流和真实腐蚀失重之间的关系,并列举了它们在大气,工业废气,高压管道天然气介质中在线腐蚀监测以及耐蚀材料筛选研究等方面的应用。     

选区激光熔化成形过程监测技术研究进展EI北大核心CSCD

选区激光熔化(SLM)作为现代工业构件制造的一种主流技术,广泛应用于汽车、航空航天及医学等领域,对SLM工艺的监测及闭环控制方式进行系统梳理变得极为重要。针对SLM技术原理及熔池变化,从SLM成形过程中的熔池温度和形貌特征综述选区激光熔化监测技术发展进程及不足,分析闭环反馈技术的研究现状。研究表明:SLM加工过程中熔池的变化状态是影响成形件质量的重要因素,通过光信号、声信号或多信号传感器可对熔池状态进行有效监测,而闭环控制需要算法分析、机器学习及传感器的协同配合才能实现实时反馈及控制。根据当前监测技术的实时性较差及系统反馈控制不够完善等问题,提出未来智能监测技术与实时闭环控制等发展方向,可为未来SLM成形高质量零件提供参考借鉴。     

Elektrochemische Rauschmessungen – Innovation in der Korrosionsprüfung

Electrochemical noise measurements – Innovation in corrosion testing There are a lot of approved and standardized methods available for corrosion testing which have found wide application. Salt-spray testing, electrochemical polarization techniques and exposure tests in specific test media belong to these. Nevertheless, some questions remain unanswered and requirements unsatisfied. In particular, both the start of corrosion and the way it proceeds with time can often be examined only to an insufficient extent. Furthermore, the requirements of practical test conditions, acceptable effort and expenditure and shorter test durations lead to continuous development of these test methods. Within corrosion research, the analysis of electrochemical noise offers a simple, sensitive and virtually non-destructive measuring technique for assessment of the corrosion susceptibility of metallic materials and for the investigation of corrosion processes. The present status of knowledge concerning noise diagnostics in corrosion processes permits the application of this method not only to experimental tasks in the laboratory, but also to special problems in the context of practical corrosion monitoring. Furthermore, specific advantages of the technique enable its use to an increasing extent in supporting or improving conventional corrosion testing. The advantages here include obtaining additional information and shortening testing times (together with associated savings in resources such as manpower, energy, chemical reagents, etc.), thus resulting in state-of-the art corrosion testing.     

电化学噪声技术检测核电环境材料的腐蚀损伤

探讨和解决了电化学噪声技术在核电环境材料腐蚀损伤检测应用的关键问题,建立了基于零阻电流（ZRA）检测的SCC电化学噪声测试体系。采用小面积的Pt或表面热喷涂陶瓷涂层的工作电极材料作为对电极,研制适用于核电现场检测的多种电化学传感器。运用Compact RIO模块化仪器和设计制作的基于ZRA电路的电化学噪声测试模块,实现电位一电流噪声的同步测量和采集。成功研制出便携式核电材料损伤检测系统。应用研制的测试系统和电化学传感器研究了高温高压和动态水环境304不锈钢的电化学噪声谱特征。并初步实现了在役核电站辅助车间不锈钢管道表面直接腐蚀检测和钢厂动力锅炉连续排污管的现场腐蚀检测,取得了比较满意的结果。     

声发射在线监测酸性环境下油气管材腐蚀研究综述

高含H2S或特高含H2S气藏越来越多投入开发利用,给油气管材带来的腐蚀问题受到极大关注。声发射(AE)是一种无损在线监测技术,具有在酸性环境下在线监测油气管材腐蚀的潜在应用。在前人研究的基础上,综述了声发射在线监测腐蚀的原理以及从声发射波形信号中能提取到的与酸性环境下油气管材腐蚀相关的计数、绝对能量(ABS)、累计能量、上升时间/幅度(RA)、平均频率(AVG frequency)以及振幅分布值b值等参数,并基于这些参数对气泡破裂、点蚀以及腐蚀裂纹产生等过程、腐蚀类型识别以及腐蚀源定位进行了综合分析。声发射在线监测技术在一定程度上能够有效识别酸性环境下油气管材腐蚀过程、类型以及定位腐蚀源,从而提高腐蚀检出能力。声发射在线监测技术对酸性环境下油气管道腐蚀防护与监测具有重要意义。     

管道内腐蚀实时监测系统研制

为了更好地掌握管道内腐蚀状态,应用传感器结合计算机技术开发了管道内腐蚀实时监测系统,通过监测管道内部流质流经管道的腐蚀能力的变化,根据法拉第定律计算管道内壁的平均失厚,评估管道内壁腐蚀状态.以DG-OF3型腐蚀监测仪、腐蚀传感器为核心硬件,以VB及SQL Serger 2000为开发工具,基于TCP/IP的客户机与SQL Server网络数据库技术,实现了在远程客户端实时获得现场采集数据并且以图形方式和数据表格方式显示管道内壁腐蚀状况的功能,从而为管道设备的安全运行监测和管理提供保障.实验室试验证明,系统能对管道内壁腐蚀状态进行高效、可靠的在线监测.     

腐蚀监测/检测技术

    主要从在线监测和离线检测两个方面介绍腐蚀监测/检测技术的方法和发展.除传统的腐蚀监测/检测手段以外,还介绍一些新兴的监测技术如：光纤传感技术、全息干涉法等.最后讨论腐蚀监测/检测技术的发展趋势.     

Investigations on the protection effect of filling materials for post‐tensioning systems under construction conditions

About the long‐term protection behaviour of corrosion protection materials (filling materials) for prestressed systems under critical environmental conditions is only little known. The corrosion protection effect is usually based on theoretical considerations and is proven by short‐term tests. The selection of the different products is mainly made according to economical or workability criteria. In a research project the barrier effect of different commercial corrosion protection materials (waxes as well as oil‐based greases) against water, their tendency for undercutting as well as their additional corrosion protection effect were investigated. The exposure tests were carried out with non‐stressed as well as stressed prestressing steel specimens which were subjected to critical conditions (condensed water, artificial soil solution, direct soil contact). Parallel to these long‐term exposure tests the applicability of different electrochemical techniques and their significance with respect to testing the corrosion protection ability and water absorption was evaluated. Within the project a suitable method for simple testing the performance of corrosion protection materials under real conditions was developed. By means of a small compact cell submicroscopical reactions of the used sensors could be measured. The high sensitivity of this measuring technique enables the detection of degradation processes at thin protection layers.     

Korrosionsmonitoring mit elektrochemischen Sensoren unter Einsatz von Evolutionsstrategien

Corrosion monitoring with electrochemical sensors by using evolution-inspired optimization techniques A complex array of sensors for measurements of corrosion influencing parameters was investigated at the example of pitting corrosion of the alloy X 5 CrNi 18 10. Potentiodynamic measurements of pitting potential were performed in a flow circuit by varying chloride ion concentration (10^?3 … 1 mol 1^?1), pH-value (2 … 8), content of dissolved oxygen (0 … 8 mg 1^?1), temperature (10 … 60°C) and flow velocity (0 … 2 m s^?1). The influence of these parameters on the pitting potential was evaluated by using evolution-inspired optimization technique with an equation derived from literature data. This technique is indicated by stable convergence in the present application and results in an empirical equation facilitating the forecast of pitting potential in the investigated parameter field.     

Comparative investigation on copper atmospheric corrosion by electrochemical impedance and electrical resistance sensors

Electrochemical impedance (EIS) and thin electrical resistance (ER) sensors were invented for atmospheric corrosion measurement of copper (Cu) during cyclic wetting–drying/high–low temperature tests and field exposure tests. Three-month field exposure results showed that average corrosion rate of Cu measured by ER sensor was well in accordance with that by weight loss method. During cyclic wetting–drying test, EIS was proven to reflect sensitively time of wetting and drying on the surface of sensor. Although corrosion rate obtained from EIS had a similar tendency to that obtained from ER sensors, the former was more dependent on environmental humidity than the latter. When relative humidity was low than 60%, corrosion rate of Cu measured by EIS was much lower than that by weight loss method, mainly attributing to the fact that impedance sensor failed to detect corrosion current of interlaced Cu electrodes due to the breakdown of conductive passage composed of absorbed thin liquid film under low humidity condition. Promisingly, ER sensor was proven to be more suitable for atmospheric corrosion monitoring than electrochemical techniques because it could sensitively monitor thickness loss of Cu foil according to the Ohmic law, no matter how dry or wet the sensor surface is.     

石英晶体微天平（QCM）在大气腐蚀研究中的应用

石英晶体微天平（QCM）作为一种高灵敏度的质量检测手段,已经用于金属材料大气腐蚀动力学及其环境因素和缓蚀剂存在的影响规律的研究,对QCM在大气腐蚀研究中的应用进行了综述。     

Development of corrosion sensors for monitoring steel‐corroding agents in reinforced concrete structures

Corrosion sensors were devised to develop a system whereby the depth of chloride permeation from concrete surfaces can be monitored non‐destructively on a real‐time basis using such sensors embedded in cover concrete of reinforced concrete structures. The proposed corrosion sensors were subjected to accelerated corrosion in NaCl solutions, mortar specimens intrinsically containing chlorides, and mortar specimens impregnated with chloride solutions, while recording the changes in the resistance readings. The resistance of sensors increased as the degree of corrosion increased. The time to the first change in the resistance decreased and the corrosion degree and resistance increased as the chloride concentration increased and as the distance from mortar surfaces decreased. It was therefore confirmed that the corrosion sensors are capable of monitoring the depth of chloride permeation with sufficient accuracy.     

Experimental and quantum chemical studies on two triazole derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in acid media

Two triazole derivatives [1‐phenyl‐2‐(5‐(1,2,4) triazol‐1‐ylmethyl‐(1,3,4) oxadizaol‐2‐ylsulphanyl)‐ethanone (PTOE) and 2‐(4‐tert‐butyl‐benzylsulphanyl)‐5‐(1,2,4) triazol‐1‐ylmethyl‐(1,3,4) oxadiazole (TBTO)] were synthesized as new corrosion inhibitors for the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M hydrochloric acid solutions. The inhibiting efficiency of the different inhibitors was evaluated by means of weight loss and electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curves. The electrochemical investigation results indicate that these compounds act as mixed‐type inhibitors retarding the anodic and cathodic corrosion reactions and do not change the mechanism of either hydrogen evolution reaction or mild steel dissolution. The studied compounds followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the thermodynamic parameters were determined and discussed. The effect of molecular structure on the inhibition efficiency has been investigated with ab initio calculations. The electronic properties such as highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level, lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, dipole moment (µ) and molecular orbital densities were calculated.     

一种基于腐蚀电位的涂层腐蚀监测系统

介绍了一种基于极化电位的涂层腐蚀监测系统的开发及工作原理,主要介绍了该系统的软、硬件选取与开发及主要技术指标。该系统具备实时监测涂层腐蚀电位状况、自动存储腐蚀信息,根据监测点的腐蚀程度自动报警等功能。     

The inhibition effect of the new Schiff base,namely 2,2′‐[bis‐N(4‐choloro benzaldimin)]‐1,1′‐dithio against mild steel corrosion

2,2′‐[bis‐N(4‐choloro benzaldimin)]‐1,1′‐dithio has been synthesized and its inhibiting action on the corrosion of mild steel in 0.5 M sulfuric acid was investigated by various corrosion monitoring techniques, such as weight loss and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The experimental results suggest that this compound is a good corrosion inhibitor for mild steel and the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in inhibitor concentration. This organic compound is a mixed type inhibitor in the acid solution, and its adsorption on the mild steel surface is also found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

The inhibitive action of some azoles towards the corrosion and dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass in ammonia solution

An attempt has been made to study the effect of some azoles on the corrosion and dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass in ammoniacal solution using weight loss, solution analysis and potentiostatic polarization techniques. The inhibition efficiency of azoles for the corrosion and the dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass has been found to decrease in the order benzimidazole > 2-mercaptobenzothiazole > benzotriazole. Benzimidazole has been found to give almost complete protection against corrosion as well as dezincification of 70Cu---30Zn brass in ammoniacal solution. Potentiostatic polarization studies have shown that all the compounds inhibit both cathodic as well as anodic reactions, indicating a mixed type of inhibition.