老采空区地表沉陷混沌特征及时变规律研究

基于老采空区上方地表实际监测沉降数据,提出了利用混沌理论相空间重构及预测技术研究老采空区地表沉陷特征及时变规律的新思路.研究了沉陷系统的相空间重构、关联维数的确定、Lyapunov指数的计算和预测模型的构建及应用等问题.采用最大Lyapunov指数法及混沌最小二乘支持向量机法对老采空区地表沉陷量进行了建模和预测.结果表明:该沉陷系统是一个混沌系统,沉陷影响因素有3～6个,变形理论最大预测期数为18期.构建的混沌预测模型预测结果相对误差均控制在10%以内,预测精度良好,可为老采空区废弃土地再利用决策提供支持.     

开采地面沉陷预测的神经网络方法研究

应用神经系统网络理论，建立了开采地面沉陷的BP神经网络模型，采用开采地面沉陷实测数据对网络进行了训练，以此训练好的BP神经网络模型来描述开采地面沉陷与其影响因素之间的非线性映射关系，并采用测试样本对模型进行了测试，结果表明，网络的预测性能是令人满意的。     

高密度电法在采空区勘查中的应用——以宁夏石嘴山矿区为例

宁夏石嘴山市作为国家重要的煤炭能源基地已发展了数十年,由于煤矿不断开采引发城区出现了较为严重的地面沉陷,为了避免地下采空区对地上设施产生危害,有必要开展采空区探测工作。根据采空区与围岩层之间存在的电性差异,利用高密度电法基本查明了采空区的位置、埋深及分布范围,为后续城市天然气管道敷设工作提供了合理化的建议,达到了预期目的。     

煤矿开采沉陷有效控制的新途径

开采沉陷是造成矿区环境地质灾害的直接根源，有效控制和减轻地面沉陷程度是减轻或避免开采沉陷环境灾害的根本之路，针对这一问题，分析了充填开采、条带开采和覆岩离层注浆岩层控制技术的优缺点，根据荷载置换原理，提出了“条带开采一注浆充填固结采空区—剩余条带开采”的三步法(二次条带式)开采沉陷控制的新思路，进行了三步法开采沉陷控制的可行性研究，初步分析表明，采用三步法开采可以实现对岩层移动和地表沉陷的有效控制，地表下沉系数可控制在0．25左右，煤炭采出率可达到80％～90％，可基本实现地面建筑物不搬迁和大幅度减轻土地塌陷灾害。     

某单层工业厂房地面沉陷原因分析研究

就某单层房屋地面发生多处沉陷的现象进行了分析研究.依据对该房屋地面的现场勘测结果,结合相关试验和理论分析,最终得出了该房屋地面沉陷的原因并给出了相应的处理意见.     

人工神经网络在煤矿开采沉陷预计中的应用研究

提出了利用人工神经网络技术进行开采沉陷定量预测的新方法 .研究了影响因素的选取、开采沉陷预计模型的建立以及模型的应用等问题 .采用 BP神经网络算法对开采沉陷量进行了建模和预测 .结果表明 ,用神经网络模型对复杂的开采沉陷系统进行模拟预测 ,具有理论上的可行性和现实意义 ,说明人工神经网络技术在开采沉陷预计领域中具有实用价值     

露天煤矿排土场边坡下采动沉陷规律研究

为研究露天煤矿排土场边坡下采动沉陷规律,结合平朔安家岭露天矿南排土场边坡的实例,采用FLAC^3D程序进行了数值模拟计算．采用该程序内嵌FISH语言生成了台阶状边坡地表的移动和变形等值线,并分析了边坡受力特点及其稳定性．结果表明：露天煤矿台阶状边坡体的采动沉陷规律表现出很明显的“台阶”分布特点;台阶状边坡地表的移动范围比平地地表要小,但变形却更剧烈,且在各台阶平面处形成变形集中;台阶状边坡地表的水平变形仍然呈现出采空区中间受压,两端受拉的特点;台阶状边坡在地下开采扰动下的稳定性应考虑采空区的时空效应．     

含水松散层固结对地表沉陷影响的数值分析

为了研究含水松散层固结对地表沉陷的影响,基于固结沉降量对预计参数确定的重要性,分析了影响含水层固结的因素,包括渗透系数、松散层厚度、采动程度和采煤方法.在分析现场实测资料的基础上,采用FLAC3D流-固耦合计算的方法,对覆岩内部位移场和渗流场进行了分析,研究了含水层固结压缩对地表沉降的影响.结果表明不考虑冲积层含水时,地面最大沉陷值为1220mm,考虑冲积层含水时,最大沉陷值为1306mm,下沉量增加86mm.地面沉陷盆地的外缘,沉陷量显著增加,增加量为160mm,最大沉降增加量为7%;走向方向和倾向方向松散层含水条件下均比不含水条件下水平移动量大,走向方向最大相差122 mm,倾向最大相差105 mm.     

采空区地基处理相关问题研究

根据采空区现状,对采空区进行勘察、变形稳定性分析和沉陷分析,提出对采空区的处理方法,结果表明:注浆法优势明显,未来一段时间内为主要处理手段。     

基于遗传规划的费用预测

简要回顾了遗传规划的发展，对其基本原理进行了阐述，提出了基于遗传规划的飞机维修保障费用预测模型，并依据样本数据对所建模型的有效性进行了验证。实例表明，与线性回归方法和偏最小二乘回归方法相比，遗传规划在飞机维修保障费用预测中精度更高，具有较好的应用前景和推广价值。     

Time function of surface subsidence based on Harris model in mined-out area

The surface subsidence is a common environmental hazard in mined-out area. Based on careful analysis of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area, we proposed a new time function based on Harris curve model in consideration of the shortage of current surface subsidence time functions. By analyzing the characteristics of the new time function, we found that it could meet the dynamic process, the velocity change process and the acceleration change process during surface subsidence. Then its rationality had been verified through project cases. The results show that the proposed time function model can give a good reflection of the regularity of surface subsidence in mined-out area and can accurately predict surface subsidence. And the prediction data of the model are a little greater than measured data on condition of proper measured data quantity, which is safety in the engineering. This model provides a new method for the analysis of surface subsidence in mined-out area and reference for future prediction, and it is valuable to engineering application.     

Field Investigation and FEM Analysis of Ground Subsidence in a Chinese Underground Gold Mine

Ground subsidence in a Chinese underground gold mine is remarkable. To find out reasons and regularities of the subsidence, following research work was carried out: (1) systemetical investigations of engineering geological conditions, including in situ stress sta- te, locstion and size of old river beds, ponds and unfilled mined-out areas, (2) in situ monitoring of strata movement by multi-point ex tensometers in 3 vertical boreholes; (3) FEM (Finite Element Method) analysis to study the relationship between the ground subsidence and mining excavation, especially to inspect the influence of unfilled mined-out areas at shallow depth on the subsidence. Based on the research results, measures to control the ground subsidence and to prevent buildings from damage are provided.     

Upward surface movement above deep coal mines after closure and flooding of underground workings

After the mass closures of entire coal mine districts in Europe at the end of the last century, a new phenomenon of surface movement was observed—an upward movement.Although most surface movement(i.e., subsidence) occurs in the months and years after mining by the longwall method, surface movement still occurs many decades after mining is terminated.After the closure and flooding of underground excavations and surrounding rock, this movement was reversed.This paper focuses on quantifying the upward movement in two neighboring coal mines(Winterslag and Zwartberg, Belgium).The study is based on data from a remote sensing technique: interferometry with synthetic aperture radar(INSAR).The results of the study show that the rate of upward movement in the decade after closure is about 10 mm/year on average.The upward movements are not linked directly to the past exploitation directly underneath a location.The amounts of subsidence at specific locations are linked mainly to their positions relative to an inverse trough shape situated over the entire mined-out areas and their immediate surroundings.Local features, such as geological faults, can have a secondary effect on the local variation of the uplift.The processes of subsidence and uplift are based on completely different mechanisms.Subsidence is initiated by a caving process, while the process of uplift is clearly linked to flooding.     

宋家坡铜矿南区复杂矿体开采方案研究

宋家坡铜矿南部矿区因前期民采,1 300 m以上分布着形状较为复杂的采空区,地表上部有某乡镇公路穿过,地下矿石开采严重威胁到公路运输安全.在现场调查和实验基础上,研究提出了三个开采方案.采用三维有限元,对各回采方案的应力、安全率和塑性区分布进行分析和比较,研究提出了相应的控制措施,推荐了最优的回采方案.提出留矿石顶柱和嗣后充填等方法保持采空区和地表公路稳定性.结果表明：嗣后充填可有效减少上覆岩层应力集中和位移.方案已应用于矿山生产实践,并取得了较好的应用效果.     

开采沉陷预计与分析的空间模拟

生产和废弃矿井引起的地表沉陷将给矿区造成严重的环境灾害，为了减小这种影响，分析、评价沉陷的危险性，并采取预防措施是极其重要的；为此，应用具有空间分析功能的地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）软件开发了能预计和分析开采沉陷可能性的空间模型，本文简要介绍了它的开发原理、系统设计方法及其应用。     

Development of a new algorithm for implementing the edge effect offset for subsidence calculations

The surface deformation prediction system(SDPS) program has been developed as an engineering tool for the calculation of subsidence deformation indices through the implementation of various prediction methods.From basic user-defined input parameters, SDPS can determine subsidence indices, such as mining induced displacements, strains, tilt, etc., at any elevation between the seam and the horizontal or varying surface topography.A fundamental parameter in obtaining reliable ground deformation results is the determination of the edge effect offset.The value assigned to the edge effect offset corresponds to a virtual offsetting of boundary lines delineating the extracted panel to allow for roof cantilevering over the mined-out area.The objective of this paper is to describe the methods implemented in updating the edge effect offset algorithm within SDPS.Using proven geometric equations, the newly developed algorithm provides a more robust calculation of the offset boundary of the extracted panel for simplistic as well as more complex mining geometries.Given that an extracted panel is represented by a closed polyline, the new edge offset algorithm calculates a polyline offset into the extracted panel with respect to the user defined edge effect offset distance.Surface deformations are then calculated using this adjusted panel geometry.The Matlab program was utilized for development and testing of the new edge effect offset algorithm.After completing rigorous testing regimes, the new offset algorithm will be integrated into SDPS further increasing the speed and reliability of the program resulting in a retrospective increase in capability and flexibility.     

煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性与承载力研究现状分析

煤矿塌陷区在我国分布较广泛,为了保证国家建设的需要和节约耕地,就必须对塌陷区土地进行科学开发和利用,使其恢复为建设用地.在综合分析大量文献的基础上,从老采空区的活化机理、地表沉陷与变形规律等方面,分析了煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性和承载力的研究现状.分析研究表明,提高塌陷区土地利用率的关键是需要准确分析和计算出地基的承载力.煤矿塌陷区地基稳定性和承载力研究,对于提高土地的利用率、保护耕地,促进我国经济和社会的协调和可持续发展等,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义.     

河北宁晋草厂盐矿覆岩稳定性分析与评价

针对冀中平原宁晋一带采空区极易导致地表过度沉降、塌陷,土地盐碱化等地质灾害及环境安全问题,依据矩形板理论和弹性圆板理论对草厂盐矿上覆盖层稳定性进行了分析,得出溶腔覆岩在矩形板梁理论和无孔弹性圆板理论下的临界水平应力为4.90×10~8 kN和6.89×10~8 kN,并分析了两种模型下草厂盐矿上覆盖层的稳定可靠性。     

开采沉陷信息处理软件系统模块划分方法的探讨

对开采沉陷信息处理软件系统各个模块间的关系及设计原则进行了探讨．利用文中讨论的设计划分方法开发的“地表移动与三下采煤数据管理及处理”软件收到了良好的运行效果     

淮南潘集地区地表沉降初步研究

根据淮南潘集地区地表沉降和煤矿地表移动观测资料,对抽排水引起地面沉降的机理及其对煤矿开采沉陷的影响进行了探讨,并对进一步深入研究提出了有益的建议．