聚苯醚金属离子注入改性层的硬度和磨擦学性能

为研究离子注入技术对聚苯醚（PPO）的表面硬度和耐磨性的提高效果,分别将3种剂量（2×1015 cm－2、1×1016 cm－2和1×1017 cm－2）的Al、Ti 、Fe离子注入PPO。纳米硬度测量显示,1×1016 cm－2 Ti离子注入PPO后其硬度由0.369 GPa增至1.433 GPa,离子注入使PPO表面形成一层交联层,导致其硬度提高。磨损实验表明,3种离子注入后均可使PPO的耐磨性提高,摩擦因数下降;其中1×1016 cm－2 Ti离子注入PPO的磨损体积降为原来的0.4%,摩擦因数下降了40％。红外光谱分析表明,离子注入后PPO表面形成羟基和羰基等新的基团,羟基的形成主要与表面微量吸水有关。电子自旋共振(ESR)分析显示离子注入可以形成自由基,离子注入诱发交联的方式主要为自由基交联。     

Radiation damage of 1Cr18Ni9Ti and Zr-Ti-Al alloys due to energetic particle irradiation

The radiation damage of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel and the Zr-Ti-Al alloy by 200 keV Xe+ ions bombardment at the fluence ranging from 1×1014 to 8×1015 ions/cm2 has been investigated by conventional transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XRDLPA) and nanoindentation. XRDLPA shows that the order of magnitude of dislocation density in both materials remains almost unchanged up to the highest irradiation dose. Selected-area electron diffraction combined with bright and dark field image indicates that 1Cr18Ni9Ti is more easily damaged than the Zr-Ti-Al alloy. With increasing the ions fluence, the radiation damage became more severe in 1Cr18Ni9Ti, accompanied with phase transition and partial amorphization. The nano-hardness was found to increase rapidly with increasing ion fluence till the dose of 1×1015 ions/cm2, and then gradually saturate with dose. The enhancement of hardness in irradiated materials is due to irradiation-induced defects acting as barriers to dislocation motion.     

Improvement of tribological behavior of a Ti-Al-V alloy by nitrogen ion implantation

The tribological properties especially wear and hardness of a Ti-Al-V alloy with nitrogen implantation (energy 60 keV) were investigated. The implantation was carried out at fluences range from 1×1016 to 4×1017 ions/cm2. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction (GAXRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses were performed to obtain surface characterization of the implanted sample. The unimplanted and implanted samples were also annealed at 600 ℃ in order to understand the influence of annealing on the tribological properties of Ti-Al-V. The hardness shows significant improvement at the higher fluence. After annealing at 600 ℃, the friction coefficient exhibits a relative decrease for the nitrogen-implanted samples. In addition, the wear rates of the implanted samples exhibits a great decrease after annealing at 600 ℃. Nature of the surface and reason for the variation and improvement in wear resistance were discussed in detail.     

Effect of nitrogen ion implantation dose on torsional fretting wear behavior of titanium and its alloy

Various doses of nitrogen ions were implanted into the surface of pure titanium, Ti6Al7Nb and Ti6Al4V, by plasma immersion ion implantation. Torsional fretting wear tests involving flat specimens of no-treated and treated titanium, as well as its alloys, against a ZrO₂ ball contact were performed on a torsional fretting wear test rig using a simulated physiological medium of serum solution. The treated surfaces were characterized, and the effect of implantation dose on torsional fretting behavior was discussed in detail. The results showed that the torsional fretting running and damage behavior of titanium and its alloys were strongly dependent on the dose of the implanted nitrogen ions and the angular displacement amplitude. The torsional fretting running boundary moved to smaller angular displacement amplitude, and the central light damage zone decreased, as the ion dose increased. The wear mechanisms of titanium and its alloys were oxidative wear, abrasive wear and delamination, with abrasive wear as the most common mechanism of the ion implantation layers.     

碳离子注入纯锆后在1 mol/L硫酸溶液中的腐蚀行为

为了研究碳离子注入对纯锆耐蚀性的影响,用MEVVA源对纯锆样品进行了1×1016ions/cm2至1×1017ions/cm2的碳离子注入,注入加速电压为40 kV.用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和俄歇电子谱(AES)分析了注入样品表层元素的价态和深度分布.透射电镜(TEM)用来观察碳离子注入样品的微观结构;碳离子注入样品后相结构的变化用掠角X射线衍射(GAXRD)来检测.纯锆注入样品随后浸入1 mol/L的硫酸溶液中,测其极化曲线以评价其耐蚀性.发现碳离子注入极大地提高了纯锆基体的耐蚀行为,剂量越高,耐蚀性越好.最后,对碳离子注入导致纯锆基体腐蚀行为发生改变的机理进行了讨论.     

Microstructure and corrosion resistance of tantalum after nitrogen ion implantation

This paper investigates the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on surface structure as well as resistance against tantalum corrosion. Bulk Ta surface was implanted with 30?keV nitrogen ions at a temperature of 100°C with doses between 1?×?10¹⁷ and 1?×?10¹⁸?ions/cm². The implanted samples were characterised by atomic force microscopy, X-ray diffraction analyses and the corrosion test to identify structural, compositional and electrochemical changes at various doses. The experimental results indicate the formation of hexagonal tantalum nitride (TaN_0.43), in addition to the fact that by increasing the ion dose, nitrogen atoms occupy more interstitial spaces in the target crystal, a case which can significantly improve corrosion resistance. The maximum extent in the improvement of the micro hardness was 75% and the reduction in the corrosion current was 83%. According to scanning electronic microscopy and corrosion results, in the dose of 1?×?10¹⁸?ions/cm² the highest corrosion resistance was received against the H₂SO₄ corroding media.     

Friction and wear properties of N+ ion implanted nylon 1010

The PA1010 was implanted with 450 keV N ions to three doses of 5× 1014 cm-2 , 2.5× 1015 cm-2 and 1.25 × 1016 cm-2. The friction and wear behaviors of the ion implanted PA1010 disks rubbing with two ceramic (ZrO2 and Si3N4) balls were studied using a pin-on-disk tribometer under dry friction. The results shows that the wear resistance of PA1010 is increased with the increasing implantation doses. The adhesion, plastic deformation and plow groove are wearing mechanisms for un-implanted PA1010, while abrasive wear for implanted PA1010.     

N / Ti / Al 离子注入 304 不锈钢的耐磨性

目的研究N,Ti,Al离子注入对304不锈钢耐磨性的影响规律,为304不锈钢材料的改良提供参考。方法采用等离子注入技术,在不同剂量下对304不锈钢分别进行N,Ti,Al离子注入,对离子注入后的试样进行表面微观形貌观测、表面硬度测试、摩擦磨损性能测试,并与304不锈钢基材进行对比。结果 304不锈钢经3种离子注入后,均能获得平整、致密,没有裂纹,具有一定光洁度的表面组织,但是注入剂量增大会引起表面起泡现象,形成多孔形貌,光洁度降低。此外,3种离子注入均能提高304不锈钢的表面硬度,且高剂量注入试样的硬度比低剂量注入试样更高,相较而言,N离子注入使表面硬度的提高更明显。相比未注入基材,注N与注Ti表面层的摩擦系数均变小,注Al表面层的摩擦系数反而变大,但磨损量都明显降低。高剂量注N、注Al试样的耐磨性均高于低剂量注入试样,而高剂量注Ti试样的耐磨性低于低剂量注入试样,但仍好于注N、注Al试样。结论在相同实验条件与注入工艺下,N离子注入对表面硬度提高最显著(剂量为5.0×1017ions/cm2),约提高41%;Ti离子注入对耐磨性提高最显著(剂量为3.0×1017ions/cm2),约提高6倍。     

钇和铈离子注入纯锆的腐蚀行为研究

为了研究铈,钇离子注入对纯锆耐蚀性的影响,纯锆样品用MEVVA源以40 kV注入1×1016 ions/cm2至1×1017 ions/cm2剂量的钇和铈,注入最高温度约为150℃.用X光电子谱仪(XPS)分析注入表层元素的价态;在1 mol/L硫酸溶液中3次极化测量来研究注入样品的耐蚀性.对于钇离子注入,当注入剂量大于5×1016 ions/cm2时,注入样品的耐蚀性显著提高.用掠角X射线衍射(GAXRD)研究氧化膜中由于铈离子注入发生的相转移.三次极化测量表明注铈样品与空白样品相比,耐蚀性下降许多.最后分别对注入钇和铈样品的腐蚀行为机理进行了探讨.     

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 利用磁过滤阴极电弧镀分别在硬质合金和高速钢基体上沉积厚度约2～3μm的TiN薄膜,并用MEVVA源离子注入装置对TiN薄膜注入金属离子V+和Nb+。应用北京同步辐射装置（BSRF）的同步辐射光源,采用掠入射X射线衍射（GIXRD）的方法对TiN薄膜表面离子注入层的微观结构进行了分析研究。结果表明：未经过离子注入的TiN薄膜均存在特定方向的择优取向,而较小剂量(1×10ˇ17ions/cm2)的离子注入可以使晶粒细化、择优取向减弱或改变;当离子注入的剂量达到5×10ˇ17ions/cm2时,TiN薄膜表面离子注入层被非晶化。结合透射电镜的研究结果,观察到TiN薄膜表面非晶层的厚度约为50～100nm,并简要地讨论了离子注入过程对微观结构的影响机制。     

Structure and tribological properties of modified layer on 2024 aluminum alloy by plasma-based ion implantation with nitrogen/titanium/carbon

1　INTRODUCTIONGoodmachinability ,lowdensityandhighspecif icstrengthmakealuminumanditsalloysextensivelybeusedinmanyindustries ,especiallyinaviationandspaceflightindustry .Howeverlowsurfacehardnessandlowwearresistanceoftenlimittheirengineeringapplications .Nitrogenionimplantationintoalu minumanditsalloysoffersthepossibilityofapplica tionswherebothhighwearresistanceandlowdensityarerequired[15] .Moreover ,ourpreviousinvestiga tion[6 ,7] presentedthatwhenaluminumalloywasim plantedwithnitrogen…     

氮离子注入9Cr18Mo不锈钢的表面结构与力学性能

针对9Cr18Mo马氏体不锈钢,检测了氮离子注入前后表面纳米硬度和摩擦磨损性能,分析了注入后9Cr18Mo钢的表面组织结构和化学组成.结果显示,氮离子注入有效提高了材料的表面硬度,降低了摩擦系数和磨损的同时,没有改变材料表面形貌和粗糙度.表面氮注入层分为两层:表面20 nm深度内除金属氮化物及氮过饱和固溶体强化相外,还富集大量碳原子,其主要存在方式为CrxCy相;次表面层主要为金属氮化物.氮离子注入后9Cr18Mo不锈钢表面形成的新的组织结构是其具有良好力学性能的根本原因.     

EFFECT OF CERIUM ION IMPLANTATION ON THE AQUEOUS CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF ZIRCONIUM

1.IntroductionBecause of the low thermal neutron capture cross section, adequate mechanical properties and good corrosion resistance, zirconium and its alloys are often specified for engineering in the nuclear industry. For example, it can serve as fuel cladding and core structure material. However, with the concept of high burn-up developing, enhancement of performance of zirconium and its alloys increasingly required. It is well known that ion beam surface processing (IBP) techniques can s…     

Ti6Al4V合金表面离子注入N+C,Ti+N和Ti+C性能研究

采用等离子体基离子注入的方法在Ti6Al4V合金表面分别注入N+C、Ti+N和Ti+C元素,注入剂量均为2×1017 ions/cm2,N+C和Ti+N元素的注入负脉冲偏压为-50 kV,Ti+C元素的注入电压分别为-20 kV、-35 kV和-50 kV。通过X射线光电子能谱仪（XPS）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）对注入层进行了微观结构分析,结果表明：Ti+C注入层中存在TiC和Ti-O,Ti+N注入层中存在TiN和Ti-O键。采用纳米压痕仪和球盘磨损试验机对注入层的硬度和摩擦学性能进行了研究。结果表明：在相同注入电压下,Ti+C注入层的硬度最高,其次是Ti+N注入层,N+C注入层的硬度最低;Ti+C 注入层的硬度随着注入电压的增大而增大,最大硬度为11.2GPa。50kV注入层Ti+C具有最低的比磨损率,其值为6.7×10-5mm3/N.m,比磨损率较未处理Ti6Al4V基体下降了1 个数量级以上,表现出优异的耐磨损性能。     

45钢上几种表面涂层的微动损伤行为和机理研究

在ＳＲＶ微动试验机上研究了五种表面改性层：离子镀ＴｉＮ激光硬化,磁控溅射ＭｏＳ２离子渗流,电刷镀Ｎｉ－ＭｏＳ２的抗微动磨损性能,结果表明：以高硬度为特征的抗磨必性层,比低摩擦因数的减摩改性层,能更有效地改善基体４５钢的抗微动损伤性能,其微动损伤机制均为颗粒脱落,但由于各表面改性层性能的不同,共损伤过程亦有差别。     

IMPROVEMENT IN FATIGUE LIFETIME OF Ti-6Al-4V ALLOY BY CARBON IMPLANTATION

Carbon ions with a dose of 3×10~(17) ions/cm~2 was implanted into Ti-6Al-4V alloy at anenergy of 80 keV.A 28% increase in edurance limit was found with implantation understress-controlled fatigue tests(R=O).The surface microstructure changes induced by ionimplantation were identified using transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The feature ofthe fracture surface were observed on scanning electron microscope(SEM).The distributionprofile of the implanted ions was measured by secondary ion mass spectroscopy(SIMS).Theimplanted surface layers contain a high density of irradiation defects and fine TiCprecipitates.Subsurface crack origins were found in specimens either with or withoutimplantation.The implanted species diffuse into matrix metal under the action of cyclic load-ing.A possible reason and mechanism for improving fatigue lifetime are also discussed.     

XPS INVESTIGATION OF NITROGEN IONS IMPLANTED INTO ALUMINUM ALLOY BY PLASMA BASED ION IMPLANTATION

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＡｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓａｒｅｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎａｖｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄｓｐａｃｅｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｆｏｒｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｐａｒｔｓ,ｂｕｔｔｈｅｅｎｇｉｎｅｅｒｉｎｇａｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｍａｒｅｌｉｍｉｔｂｙｉｔｓｌｏｗｈａｒｄｎｅｓｓ,ｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈａｎｄｃｏｒｒｅｓｐｏｎｄｉｎｇｌｏｗｗｅａｒｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅ．Ｔｈｅｓｕｒｆａｃｅｍｏｄｉｆｉｃａｔｉｏｎｏｆａｌｕｍｉｎｕｍａｌｌｏｙｓｂｙｉｏｎｉｍｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎｏｆｆｅｒｓ…     

Aluminum ion beam surface modification of elastic metallic-plastic pads for improving tribological properties

1INTRODUCTION Theelasticmetallic plasticpads(EMP)arewidelyusedinverticalelectricmachinesofhydro powerplants.ThesurfacematerialofEMPis PTFE.ThePTFEhaslowfrictioncoefficientand excellentinsulativity,butthestrength,hardnessandwear resistantpropertiesarenotsatisfacto ry[1].Inordertoimprovethestrength,hardness andwear resistantcharacterofPTFE,somephysi calcomminglingmethodsareused[24].Inrecentyears,therehasbeenever increasing interestinthesurfacemodificationofpolymerstoimprovetheirchemi…     

Ti6Al7Nb合金氮离子注入层在小牛血清溶液中的扭动微动摩擦磨损性能

利用高能离子注入及增强沉积系统对Ti6Al7Nb合金做了不同剂量的氮离子注入处理,采用球/平面接触模式,对Ti6Al7Nb合金及其离子注入层/ Zr2O球（直径为25.2 mm）接触副在小牛血清介质条件下进行了扭动微动磨损实验研究。结合动力学分析,借助X射线衍射仪（XRD）、三维形貌仪（3D-profiler）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析了测试材料成分及其扭动微动磨损磨痕形貌和微观组织结构, 探讨了Ti6Al7Nb合金及其离子注入层的扭动微动运行行为和损伤机制。结果表明：N+离子注入在钛合金表面形成了氮化钛层,使钛合金表面的微观硬度明显提高,随着注入剂量的增加,钛合金的硬度逐渐升高,磨痕逐渐变小,磨粒逐渐变细,其抗扭动微动磨损性能也提高     

Ti,Y离子注入65Nb钢的表面优化

利用ＭＥＶＶＡ强流金属防子注入机,对６５Ｎｂ钢进行离子注入,采用了Ａｕｇｅｒ电子能谱（ＡＥＳ）,Ｘ射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）等表面分析技术,研究了Ｔｉ及Ｔｉ＋Ｙ离子注入后的６５Ｎｂ钢表面的微结构变化。力学性能实验结果表明,Ｔｉ及Ｔｉ＋Ｙ离子注入能使材料表面硬度和耐磨性显著提高,且双元离子注入比单元注入效果好,着重分析和讨论了稀土元素Ｙ在离子注入层中的合金化作用。