马铃薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸/腐植酸钠复合高吸水树脂的合成工艺

采用不除去丙烯酸中阻聚剂及无氮气保护的新工艺,通过接枝聚合反应合成了马铃薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸/腐植酸钠复合高吸水树脂。实验研究表明,该复合高吸水树脂最高吸水率为1280g/g。该研究采用的新工艺,简化了生产工艺,降低了生产条件要求,同时也节约了生产成本。     

聚丙烯酸钾/白灵菇菌糠复合高吸水树脂的制备与性能

采用氢氧化钾(KOH)中和丙烯酸(AA),通过微波辐射加热引发合成了聚丙烯酸钾(PAA-K)/白灵菇菌糠(WMCPN)复合高吸水树脂。系统地研究了菌糠、引发剂和交联剂相对AA的比率,微波辐射功率及丙烯酸中和度对高吸水树脂性能的影响。结果表明,菌糠用量为50 %(相对AA质量,下同)、引发剂用量为1.33 %、交联剂用量为1.0 %、微波功率为450 W及AA中和度为80 %时复合高吸水树脂吸液倍率最大,在蒸馏水中为974 g/g,在0.9 %氯化钠(NaCl)溶液中为59 g/g;WMCPN与PAA-K实现了共聚反应;在离心机转速为6000 r/min下,50 min复合高吸水树脂的失水率为6.2 %。     

淀粉基高吸水树脂对镍离子和锌离子的吸附研究

用羧甲基马铃薯淀粉接枝丙烯酸合成高吸水树脂,并对该高吸水树脂吸附重金属离子的性能进行了研究。结果表明:羧甲基马铃薯淀粉基高吸水树脂对Ni~(2+)、Zn~(2+)溶液的吸附量随丙烯酸中和度增大而增大,随着交联剂用量的增大而降低,随着溶液中离子浓度的增大而增大;当Zn2+溶液最开始的浓度为500mg/L时,高吸水设置的吸附容量可达169.4mg/g。     

反相悬浮法制备腐植酸高吸水性树脂

以N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂、过硫酸钾为引发剂、span-65为分散稳定剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法制得腐植酸-丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂.正交试验结果表明,优化合成条件为:N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺、腐植酸、司盘.-65、过硫酸钾的用量分别为丙烯酸质量的0.12％、5％、9％、1.4％;在此条件下聚合所得的吸水性树脂的吸蒸...     

反相悬浮法制备腐植酸高吸水性树脂

以N,N′-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,过硫酸钾为引发剂,span-65为分散稳定剂,采用反相悬浮聚合法制得腐植酸∕丙烯酸钠高吸水树脂,正交试验结果表明最佳合成条件为引发剂1.4%,交联剂0.12%,腐植酸5%,分散剂9%。合成的树脂在室温下吸蒸馏水和0.9%盐水的倍率分别为359.15g/g和59.65g/g。     

聚丙烯酸钠-腐植酸树脂的制备及其吸附Cr（Ⅵ）性能研究

以腐植酸接枝改性聚丙烯钠树脂,制备出具有吸附Cr（Ⅵ）性能的聚丙烯酸钠一腐植酸吸附树脂,研究了单体配比、交联剂用量、中和度及吸附时间对树脂吸附性能的影响。结果表明：随着单体配比、交联剂用量和中和度的增加,吸附树脂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率和吸附量先增加后降低,当n（腐植酸）：n（丙烯酸）为1：0．7时,吸附时间为2h,吸附树脂对Cr（Ⅵ）的吸附率最大,达到80．86％,其饱和吸附量为0．656mg／g。采用红外分光光度计和扫描电镜对吸水树脂表征,证明产物具有预期的结构。     

表面改性法制备抑菌型淀粉系高吸水树脂的研究

采用水溶液聚合法,以改性淀粉和丙烯酸为原料,过硫酸钾为引发剂,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为交联剂,接枝共聚制备改性淀粉系高吸水树脂,并对其进行表面改性制备了具有抑菌性能的高吸水树脂。通过单因素试验和正交试验探究了改性淀粉种类、丙烯酸溶液的中和度、反应温度、引发剂和交联剂用量等因素对树脂吸水性能的影响;探讨了表面改性过程中苦参总碱添加量与抑菌效果间的关系。结果表明,以交联B3淀粉为原料,当淀粉用量为丙烯酸质量的15%,糊化温度为75℃,糊化时间为20 min,丙烯酸溶液的中和度为75%,引发剂用量为丙烯酸质量的0.3%,交联剂用量为丙烯酸质量的0.02%,70℃条件下反应4 h时,可制备吸水性能较好的高吸水树脂;当苦参总碱用量达到25.7 mg/g时即可使树脂在自然环境下具有较好的抑菌效果。最终制备的抑菌型改性淀粉系高吸水树脂的吸水倍率为715 g/g,接枝率为90%,在60℃条件下8 h的保水率约为7%。     

微波辐射下耐盐性高吸水树脂的制备

对微波辐射下丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和凹凸棒的水溶液聚合反应进行研究,合成凹凸棒复合P(AAAM)高吸水树脂,探讨微波功率、辐射时间、单体配比、中和度、引发剂用量、交联剂用量等对高吸水性树脂吸液倍率的影响,并用红外光谱对产物的结构进行表征.合成的高吸水树脂吸水倍率迭1 580 g/g,在质量分数为0.9%的食盐水中的吸液倍率达170 g/g.     

耐盐型高吸水性树脂的合成及性能评价

以氧化还原引发剂(NH4)2S2O8和N aHSO3为引发剂,采用水溶液法合成了丙烯酸钠—丙烯酰胺—疏水单体共聚高吸水性树脂。研究了单体聚合浓度、单体含量及引发剂用量等对共聚高吸水树脂吸水率的影响。实验证明该高吸水聚合物耐盐性较好。     

P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂的制备及结构性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和高岭土(Kaolin)为原料,采用溶液聚合法分别制备出聚丙烯酸(PAA)高吸水树脂、聚(丙烯酸-co-2-丙烯酰胺基-2-甲基丙磺酸)(P(AA-co-AMPS))高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂,并通过傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电镜、X射线衍射等测试方法对其结构与性能进行表征。结果表明:Kaolin与P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂之间为物理共混;PAA高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂和P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂的吸水倍率分别为231,323,357 g/g,吸盐水倍率分别为35.6,64.1,66.4 g/g,保水率分别为51.3%,55.6%,57.9%,凝胶形变量分别为3.75,4.10,2.23 mm;树脂的吸水速率由小到大依次为PAA高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)高吸水树脂、P(AA-co-AMPS)/Kaolin复合高吸水树脂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。