有限元线法求解非线性模型问题——Ⅲ.薄膜的固有振动

本文是有限元线法(FEMOL)求解非线性模型问题的系列工作之三,对薄膜的固有振动这一特征值模型问题作了分析求解。文中,首先用FEMOL对特征值问题的泛函进行半离散,得到相应的常微分方程(ODE)特性值问题;然后,利用若干ODE变换技巧将问题转换成标准的非线性ODE问题;最后,采用一个新近研究出的有效算法,对各阶特征对进行了方便有效、精确可靠的求解。文中出示的算例展示了该法的功效。     

ODE求解器求解高层双肢剪力墙结构稳定特征值问题

本文在用连续介质法推导出高层双肢剪力墙结构稳定特征方程的基础上，用常微分方程（简称：ＯＤＥ──ＯｒｄｉｎａｒｙＤｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌＥｑｕａｔｉｏｎ）求解器研究该结构的稳定特征值问题。首先，将该特征值问题归结为标准的非线性ＯＤＥ边值问题；然后用ＯＤＥ求解器求解这一等价的非线性问题。得到的结果与加权余量法和有限差分法结果进行比较，吻合得很好，表明稳定特征值问题能够凭借ＯＤＥ求解器的功效得以精确、可靠、方便地求解。     

考虑频变阻尼的黏弹性阻尼层板结构模态分析方法

结构动力中的模态分析可归结为数学上矩阵特征值问题的求解。研究了一种求解有限元非线性特征值问题的数值方法,即RSRR,该方法通过对系统矩阵逆矩阵的采样,构造可靠的特征空间用于非线性特征值问题的求解,比现有基于围道积分的非线性特征值解法稳定性更好、精度更高。采用基于Layerwise离散层理论的Layerwise板单元建立黏弹性阻尼结构有限元模型比混合单元建模方法简单方便,结合Layerwise板单元建模方法,将RSRR拓展应用于黏弹性阻尼结构的模态分析,算例结果表明RSRR求解精度高、稳定性好,是黏弹性阻尼结构模态分析的有效数值方法。     

中厚圆柱壳自由振动的动力刚度法分析

该文阐述了将动力刚度法应用于中厚圆柱壳的自由振动分析。从考虑横向剪切变形和转动惯量的中厚壳理论出发,将圆柱壳的振动分解为一系列确定环向波数下的一维振动问题。用常微分方程求解器COLSYS求解该一维问题的动力刚度,通过Wittrick-Williams算法及导护型牛顿法求得该环向波数下结构的频率和振型。由于求解动力刚度时使用COLSYS对控制方程进行了精确求解,所以该文方法是精确方法。数值算例验证了中厚圆柱壳壳段固端频率计数J0计算方法的可靠性。综合表明：应用动力刚度法对中厚圆柱壳自由振动进行分析是可靠、精确的。     

基于投影的二阶段空间圆线拟合算法

对空间圆线精确拟合算法进行研究．线性和非线性最小二乘法是拟合规则曲线和曲面方程的常见方法．空间圆线作为规则的二次曲线,由于没有特定的曲线方程无法直接使用线性和非线性最小二乘法来进行求解．由于空间圆线可以被看作平面和球面相交形成,圆线特征值可以通过平面和球面特征值求解．提出了基于投影二阶段拟合算法完成空间圆线拟合的方法．对空间圆线拟合原理进行了介绍,通过数据验证了算法的正确性、可行性和精确程度．使用程序进行了算法实现．与贝塞尔和B样条曲线算法精度进行了比较,表明该算法在精度方面具有优势,可用于逆向工程中提高空间拟合算法的精确度．     

基于投影的二阶段空问圆线拟合算法

对空间圆线精确拟合算法进行研究.线性和非线性最小二乘法是拟合规则曲线和曲面方程的常见方法.空间圆线作为规则的二次曲线,由于没有特定的曲线方程无法直接使用线性和非线性最小二乘法来进行求解.由于空间圆线可以被看作平面和球面相交形成,圆线特征值可以通过平面和球面特征值求解.提出了基于投影二阶段拟合算法完成空间圆线拟合的方法.对空间圆线拟合原理进行了介绍,通过数据验证了算法的正确性、可行性和精确程度.使用程序进行了算法实现.与贝塞尔和B样条曲线算法精度进行了比较,表明该算法在精度方面具有优势,可用于逆向工程中提高空间拟合算法的精确度.     

动力刚度法求解平面曲梁面外自由振动问题

该文将动力刚度法应用于平面曲梁面外自由振动的分析。通过建立单元动力刚度所满足的常微分方程边值问题,用具有自适应求解功能的常微分方程求解器COLSYS 进行求解,获得单元动力刚度的数值精确解。以COLSYS 求解单元动力刚度的网格作为单元上固端频率计数求解的子网格,由单元动力刚度的边值问题解答线性组合出该子网格下各子单元的动力刚度,由Wittrick-Williams 算法获得单元固端频率的计数。从而实现整体结构的Wittrick-Williams频率计数。通过建立单元动力刚度对频率的导数所满足的常微分方程边值问题,调用COLSYS求其数值精确解,并将其引入导护型牛顿法,可迅速求得结构精确的频率和振型。数值算例表明,该文方法准确、可靠、有效。     

基于形函数方法快速识别结构动态荷载的试验验证

在动态荷载识别中常常由于矩阵的病态性影响识别的精度,利用有限元理论中的形函数逼近荷载曲线,将识别离散的荷载历程转化为计算有限的形函数权重,从而显著改善反卷积法识别荷载中存在的采样时间长或采样频率高时数值求解困难的问题;并能改善反问题的病态性,提高对噪音的鲁棒性。一个连续梁的数值算例比较验证了该方法在5%的高斯噪声影响下能精确地识别未知荷载。悬臂梁试验中,通过实测的结构动态响应,在移动时间窗内利用荷载形函数方法可以实现激励的在线识别。     

离散振系的特征灵敏度分析（连载）

4.1 无阻尼陀螺特征值问题的解法及解的性质 陀螺特征值问题是位形空间中的一个二次特征值问题,它广泛出现在航空航天、旋转机械等许多具有旋转结构的动力学问题中。无阻尼陀螺特征值问题的解法可分两大类:一类是直接求解位形空间中的二次特征值问题的方法;另一类是把位形空间中N阶矩阵的二次特征值问题化为状态空间中2N阶矩阵的一次特征值问题后再求解的方法。后一类方法又可分为三种:一种是把所得一次特征值问题化为更易求解的矩阵特征值问题后再求解的方法;第二种是把一次特征值问题化为反对称阵的特征值问题后,对反对称阵进行一系列的二维或三维旋转相似变换,使之趋于对角块为二阶反对称阵的拟Jacobi方法;第三种是求解反对称阵的Lanzos方法。     

一种适用于求解大规模结构的分步接触算法及其工程应用

大规模结构接触非线性问题的求解是当前工程界研究的热点和难点。该文基于传统的Lagrange乘子法提出了一种新的分步接触算法。该算法的基本原理是将接触问题分两步求解,第一步求解由整体系统力系平衡方程构成的控制方程,第二步求解接触局部区域的约束方程。该算法利用Lagrange乘子来精确模拟接触约束条件,同时对传统的Lagrange乘子法进行了解耦降维处理,所需存储量小、易于实现并行化,且通过引入缩放因子进一步提高了其求解效率,故非常适合高效求解大规模结构的接触问题。经典Hertz接触算例和平面双缝坝算例的结果验证了该算法的正确性,考虑内外衬接触非线性的穿黄隧洞整体模型工程应用算例说明了该算法的有效性。     

Recursive second order convergence method for natural frequencies and modes when using dynamic stiffness matrices

When exact dynamic stiffness matrices are used to compute natural frequencies and vibration modes for skeletal and certain other structures, a challenging transcendental eigenvalue problem results. The present paper presents a newly developed, mathematically elegant and computationally efficient method for accurate and reliable computation of both natural frequencies and vibration modes. The method can also be applied to buckling problems. The transcendental eigenvalue problem is first reduced to a generalized linear eigenvalue problem by using Newton's method in the vicinity of an exact natural frequency identified by the Wittrick–Williams algorithm. Then the generalized linear eigenvalue problem is effectively solved by using a standard inverse iteration or subspace iteration method. The recursive use of the Newton method employing the Wittrick–Williams algorithm to guide and guard each Newton correction gives secure second order convergence on both natural frequencies and mode vectors. The second order mode accuracy is a major advantage over earlier transcendental eigenvalue solution methods, which typically give modes of much lower accuracy than that of the natural frequencies. The excellent performance of the method is demonstrated by numerical examples, including some demanding problems, e.g. with coincident natural frequencies, with rigid body motions and large‐scale structures. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中厚椭球壳自由振动动力刚度法分析

介绍精确动力刚度法分析中厚椭球壳自由振动具体实施方法,据环向波数不同将中厚椭球壳自由振动分解为一系列确定环向波数的一维振动;利用控制方程Hamilton形式建立动力刚度关系,用常微分方程求解器COLSYS求解控制方程获得单元动力刚度,用Wittrick-Williams算法求得该环向波数下椭球壳自振频率。数值算例给出中厚圆球壳及椭球壳不同边界条件的自振频率,验证动力刚度法高效、可靠、精确。     

基于预实验分析的箱梁模型模态测试

以箱梁模型为实验对象,使用一种基于预实验分析的方法对箱梁模型进行模态识别。首先,在有限元模型模态分析结果的基础上,利用预实验分析确定合理的布点方案及最优激励点;再由预实验分析结果,采用激振器法对自由支撑的箱梁模型进行模态识别;最后,将实验模态与有限元模态进行相关性分析,以验证实验模态数据的可信性。实验结果表明,识别的四阶模态频率值与有限元分析结果在10%以内,前三阶在5%以内;与有限元模态相关性分析表明,实验测得的模态数据与有限元结果相似度高,尤其是对应前两阶模态振型相关性高达90%以上。     

常微分方程特征值问题求解器解法的改进

对于工程中的常微分方程(ODE)特征值问题,已有一套完整的算法,并据此算法开发出ODE特征值求解程序COLEGN。该程序需要用户输入直接求解(非线性)和逆幂迭代(线性)两套ODE体系,输入繁琐,不便于使用。针对这一问题,研究了这两套ODE体系间的内部联系,建立了从非线性ODE体系获取线性ODE体系的具体途径,并据此改写了COLEGN程序,简化了用户的输入,使之更易于使用,另外,还对边界条件含特征值的情况作了相应处理,拓宽了算法的适用范围。     

APPLICATION OF k-STEP LANCZOS METHOD TO EXTRACT THE INTERIOR EIGENVALUES OF SKELETAL SYSTEMS

Unlike analyses performed to determine structural response to environmental loadings (i.e., wind or earthquake), where only a few of the lowest natural modes are assumed to participate in the overall response, mechanically induced loadings can excite higher-order modes and require solution of the interior eigenvalue problem. In such applications, care must be taken to ensure that the finite element model of the vibrating structure effectively models the higher-order modal response and that the eigensolver used to extract the natural frequencies does not encounter convergence problems due to the close spacing of the interior eigenvalues. This paper formulates and applies an implicitly restarted Lanczos-based eigensolver for computing the natural frequencies of skeletal systems from the interior of the eigenvalue spectrum. This interior eigenvalue problem is formulated using a finite element method which utilizes both the polynomial- and frequency-dependent shape functions in representing beam deformation; thus, the resulting eigenvalue problem is nonlinear, or eigenvalue dependent. Planar frame examples are given which illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed modelling technique and eigensolver.     

A successive bounding method to find the exact eigenvalues of transcendental stiffness matrix formulations

An alternative algorithm for finding exact natural frequencies or buckling loads from the transcendental, e.g. dynamic, stiffness matrix method is presented in this paper and evaluated by using the plate assembly testbed program VICONOPT. The method is based on the bounding properties of the eigenvalues provided by either linear or quadratic matrix pencils on the exact solutions of the transcendental eigenvalue problem. The procedure presented has five stages, including two accuracy checking stages which prevent unnecessary calculations. Numerical tests on buckling of general anisotropic plate assemblies show that significant time savings can be achieved compared with an earlier multiple determinant parabolic interpolation method.     

Free vibration of cantilevered cylinders: effects of cross-sections and cavities

Summary This study investigates the influence of a cavity on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a homogeneous, isotropic, elastic solid cylinder. Cavities of different shapes and sizes are often found in engineering applications to provide access, reduce weight and to cut cost in production. As a result, detailed quantitative solutions to this class of problem will be of great interest to engineering practitioners. In this study, a highly efficient and accurate numerical algorithm is proposed to examine the vibrations of elastic solid cylinders with a deep cavity. The technique uses the exact theory of three-dimensional elasticity in conjunction with the Ritz form of minimum energy principle to derive the governing eigenvalue equation. Within the context of three-dimensional elasticity, displacement functions composed of a set of twodimensional lateral surface functions and one-dimensional longitudinal functions are defined for each displacement component. The orthogonality inherent in these functions has resulted in well form eigen value matrices which can be manipulated and solved with ease. The technique yields upper-bound natural frequencies and three-dimensional deformed mode shapes for a wide range of elastic hollow cylinders with an arbitrary cross section. Most of the results presented herein are believed to be new to the existing literature.