溶剂精制系统先进控制和优化

介绍带有前馈的模型预测控制算法，并对精馏塔的灵敏板温度进行控制。仿真实验和实际运行效果表明，该算法具有快速的跟踪性能和良好的抗干扰能力。     

MeanShift目标跟踪算法在小区安保中的应用

针对小区人员流动大、安保人员少等存在的安全问题,提出了一种MeanShift目标跟踪算法。首先对视频监控中的行人建立目标模型,然后搜索目标获得候选模型,通过相似函数评估目标模型和候选模型的相似程度,最后利用Mean Shift算法迭代计算获得目标的新位置,从而实现对目标行人的跟踪。实验结果表明,该算法对目标行人具有较好的跟踪效果,对于加强小区安保具有潜在的应用价值。     

减速带形状对汽车振动的影响分析

视轮胎为刚体建立车辆与减速带碰撞数学模型,对车辆通过减速带产生的振动进行分析.利用MATLAB软件对所建立的模型进行仿真,从而提出最佳减速带形状模型--相切抛物线数学模型.本研究所提出的减速带形状分析方法可以为减速带设计提供理论基础.     

改进k-means聚类算法多模型建模的一种新的评价函数

pH中和过程的建模与控制一直是过程控制领域的难题。针对pH过程,提出了一种基于新性能评价函数的k-means聚类算法的多模型建模方法。针对k-means聚类算法中普遍存在的k值已知以及对初始点依赖严重的问题,在k-means聚类算法的基础进行改进,并且引入一个自定义的聚类效果评价函数确定聚类个数,然后采用偏最小二乘PLS算法建立相应的局部线性化模型。通过仿真研究,利用本文算法建立的多模型,获得到了良好的跟踪效果,验证了该改进算法的可行性和有效性。     

钢铁企业高炉煤气发生量异常数据检测

从高炉煤气生产的实际工况出发,对异常数据产生的原因和特点进行分析。针对现有异常检测方法运算效率低下的问题,提出一种改进的局部异常因子检测算法。该算法首先利用五数总括法剔除掉大量的正常数据,然后再用一种相对k距离的比值表示剩余离群点的异常程度,进而判断异常数据。仿真实验表明:改进方法检测所需的时间比传统的局部异常因子方法检测所需的时间更少,且检测效果更加准确、直观。     

基于聚类多模型建模的多模态预测控制

多模型预测控制(MMPC)是解决非线性控制问题的重要手段,本文针对多模态控制器设计中模态匹配准则的选取问题,利用当前样本状态与各聚类建模子空间距离差异,提出了一种基于距离匹配的多模型控制器加权算法。然后,基于模态融合思想,提出了模态加权构建实时预测模型的控制策略。通过对pH中和过程进行仿真,结果表明：两种方法都提高了非线性系统的暂态响应,跟踪特性优良,体现了它们对非线性系统大范围控制的有效性。     

基于局部建模的预测控制及其在芳烃异构化过程的应用

针对一类非线性系统提出了基于局部建模的预测控制算法,对于局部模型的训练数据选取,同时考虑了样本数据之间的欧氏距离与向量的夹角,使得训练数据的选取更合理,并对芳烃异构化过程进行了实验仿真。首先通过最小二乘支持向量机进行局部建模,并将局部模型作为算法的预测模型。然后利用粒子群优化算法进行滚动优化,寻找到最优控制量。最终仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于改进型GPC算法的液位优化控制

以双容水箱为被控对象,利用MATLAB/Simulink程序开发工具,对广义预测控制(GPC)进行仿真和实验研究。首先建立一个控制系统的数学模型,然后对GPC算法进行选择,最后对应用广义预测控制算法的模型进行了仿真验证。实验结果表明:所提出的算法具有良好的动态响应性能,可快速跟踪设定值,得到了较好的控制效果。     

旋转式环形立体车库的电控系统设计

为了解决生活中汽车数量多、停车难的问题,在综合对比分析各类机械立体车库的优缺点等因素后,采用旋转式环形立体车库来解决此类问题。首先对立体车库模型总体结构方案进行了分析设计,选择采用STC89C52单片机为系统控制芯片,着重对电控系统中的升降设备、横移设备、旋转台设备进行了研究。在系统模型硬件具体设计中,选用限位开关、TCRT5000传感器等模块作为检测部件,选用28BYJ-48步进电机、SG90舵机等电机对该系统中的机械设备进行驱动。本设计还对车库系统平层存取车路径优化算法进行了研究,实现了平层最短路径存取车辆。通过最后的模拟仿真及模型实物运行结果可以看出本方案对提高立体车库运营的智能化、稳定性,以及对有效缓解城市停车难问题具有借鉴意义。     

智能门式起重机路径跟踪运动控制研究

在建立分析门式起重机双向定位防摆动力学模型的基础上,采用取点分解算法将规划的路径向大车、小车运动方向进行分解,以适合门式起重机系统的运动控制特性.提出了将模糊自适应PID控制算法应用于门式起重机系统的路径跟踪与防摆控制并进行了仿真和实验研究.     

间歇过程点对点迭代学习控制的初始状态误差分析

针对间歇过程点对点跟踪控制问题,在轨迹更新的迭代学习控制算法框架下,针对非理想初始状态情况下3种不同的初始误差,通过2D Roesser模型对其进行描述并分析其收敛性。给出了不同的情况下系统相对参考轨迹的零误差跟踪或者收敛到特定邻域的条件,在零误差跟踪不能实现的情况下给出了邻域的范围。通过数值模型仿真验证了给出的收敛条件和收敛边界,并分析了不同因素对收敛边界的影响。     

基于PTLD的长时间视频跟踪算法

对于化工厂、电厂等重要场所,火灾、爆炸和有毒物质泄漏等安全生产举足轻重。因此对工业现场的监控至关重要。作为一种有效实时的视频目标跟踪算法,TLD算法(tracking-learning-detection)吸引了全世界的广泛关注。提出了一种PTLD的改进算法(prediction-tracking-learning-detection)。它是通过将卡尔曼预测器用于估计目标的位置以降低探测器的扫描区域,提高检测速度;增加基于目标运动方向的预测用于跟踪目标与背景相似的情况。通过增加位置和速度的预测并使用时空分析有效提高视频跟踪精度和速度。实验结果表明,PTLD算法为鲁棒实时的视频跟踪提供了一种方向。     

基于SVPWM控制的永磁同步伺服电机调速研究

通过电压空间矢量控制方法对永磁同步伺服电机进行了研究.在传统SVPWM算法的基础上,对扇区判断环节、电压矢量作用时间求解环节进行改进,化简了传统计算方法中的繁琐过程.应用MATLAB/Simulink软件搭建了永磁同步电机的伺服控制系统,最终实现电压空间矢量脉宽调制的控制算法.通过仿真结果验证了所研究的永磁同步伺服电机控制系统跟随性和抗扰动性的效果,以及系统具有良好的转速伺服性能.     

Modernized method of controlling the lapping and winding of nonwovens

A modernized method is proposed for controlling the lapping and winding of nonwovens. A functional diagram is created for a modernized control system along with an algorithm for operation of the system’s control microcomputer, the algorithm providing for special and startup regimes. Another algorithm is proposed for starting the electric drive of the conveyor of the heating chamber based on tracking of the linear density of the laps. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is demonstrated on a laboratory stand that was developed to model equipment used to control lapping and winding.     

Application of adaptive control with rule-bases to cell recycled continuous bioreactor for ethanol production

An adaptive control algorithm with rule-bases was developed for cell recycled continuous bioreactor. Ethanol fermentation bySaccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model system. Since the developed algorithm employed the fermentation model, it was possible to estimate the physical state of the system. Five rule-bases were obtained from the experiments and used to adjust the control input. Good control performance was observed using a rule-based STR (self-tuning regulator) compared to the result using conventional STR. When disturbances were given, rule-based adaptive control scheme showed faster recovery of setpoint. The rule-based STR developed in this study was stable, robust and showed good tracking performance.     

基于光谱分类模型的保险杠物证无损研究

采用中红外光谱结合化学计量学的方法对车用保险杠碎片进行鉴别,分别对52个车用保险杠碎片样本的全波段光谱数据、指纹区光谱数据和主成分分析降维后的光谱数据建立Fisher判别分析和K近邻算法2种分类模型,并对分类结果进行比较。结果表明,主成分分析提取特征变量后构建的分类模型,分类的准确率更高,对聚丙烯（PP）、PP/滑石粉、PP/滑石粉/碳酸钙（CaCO₃）3种类型的样本分类准确率达到92.3 %,对PP/滑石粉类型中的10种品牌样本分类准确率达到88.9 %,分类结果理想;在构建的2种分类模型中,Fisher判别分析模型的分类率远高于K近邻算法模型,分析认为K近邻算法模型受到样本不均衡的影响;中红外光谱结合化学计量学可以实现对车用保险杠碎片的准确区分,且满足快速、无损的检验要求。     

基于约束强跟踪滤波器的动态数据协调

引言 在实际工业过程中,由于过程测量数据的不平衡性和不完备性,给过程分析和研究工作带来了很多困难,甚至失败.因此必须对过程数据进行校正,然而目前的数据校正方法大部分是面对稳态过程的,但实际情况中过程的条件更多地是处在变化之中,此时稳态数据校正方法已不能满足要求.     

支持向量回归在乙烯裂解产物收率软测量中的应用

乙烯裂解产物收率的实时预报对于裂解炉的生产具有重要意义。针对有效的样本数据较少的问题,采用支持向量回归方法建立裂解产物收率的软测量模型。对于支持向量机中模型参数的选取,采用了微粒群优化算法进行参数寻优,提高了建模效率和模型精度。基于现场数据的建模实验结果表明,基于支持向量回归方法的乙烯裂解产物收率软测量模型预报精度较高,趋势跟踪性能良好。     

Computational study of bubble coalescence/break-up behaviors and bubble size distribution in a 3-D pressurized bubbling gas-solid fluidized bed of Geldart A particles

A computational study was carried out on bubble dynamic behaviors and bubble size distributions in a pressurized lab-scale gas-solid fluidized bed of Geldart A particles. High-resolution 3-D numerical simulations were performed using the two-fluid model based on the kinetic theory of granular flow. A fine-grid, which is in the range of 3–4 particle diameters, was utilized in order to capture bubble structures explicitly without breaking down the continuum assumption for the solid phase. A novel bubble tracking scheme was developed in combination with a 3-D detection and tracking algorithm (MS3DATA) and applied to detect the bubble statistics, such as bubble size, location in each time frame and relative position between two adjacent time frames, from numerical simulations. The spatial coordinates and corresponding void fraction data were sampled at 100 Hz for data analyzing. The bubble coalescence/break-up frequencies and the daughter bubble size distribution were evaluated by using the new bubble tracking algorithm. The results showed that the bubble size distributed non-uniformly over cross-sections in the bed. The equilibrium bubble diameter due to bubble break-up and coalescence dynamics can be obtained, and the bubble rise velocity follows Davidson’s correlation closely. Good agreements were obtained between the computed results and that predicted by using the bubble break-up model proposed in our previous work. The computational bubble tracking method showed the potential of analyzing bubble motions and the coalescence and break-up characteristics based on time series data sets of void fraction maps obtained numerically and experimentally.     

AN EFFICIENT META-HEURISTIC ALGORITHM FOR ROUTING PRODUCT COLLECTING VEHICLES OF DEHYDRATION PLANTS. II. ALGORITHM PERFORMANCE AND CASE STUDIES

Routing of vehicle fleet for collecting newly cropped raw materials for multi-product dehydration plants is a component of plant production schedule of utmost significance. A meta-heuristic algorithm for efficiently solving the collecting vehicle routing problem was developed and analyzed in detail in Tarantilis and Kiranoudis (2000). Meta-heuristic algorithms are broadly characterized by a stochastic nature in producing tender solution configurations in linear search terms, which sweep the huge solution space in a guided and rational way. Algorithm performance is examined through an analysis of the impact of model parameters on solution procedure during the execution of typical routing problems. The most important model parameter examined was found to be the value of the initial threshold as well as the way that the value of this actual parameter is appropriately adjusted during the optimization process. The main characteristic of the algorithm is the way that threshold is not only lowered but also raised, or backtracked, depending on the success of the inner loop iterations to provide for an acceptable new solution that would replace an older one. An important feature of the algorithm is the fact that appearance of better configurations within a process run is distributed according to the Poisson probability distribution. The suggested algorithm is tested against typical literature benchmarks as well against real-world problem encountered in the production planning procedures of dehydration plants in Greece.