PET切片打包机计数装置的优化

针对航空航天部一院十二所1 000 kg PET切片自动打包机计数装置数据跳变问题,进行了程序优化和线路改造,最终解决了打包机计数装置数据跳变的问题。     

玻璃生产冷端线控系统中拉引段速度获取方式

传统获取退火窑主传动速度的方式,是通过末辊安装旋转编码器,连接至线控系统主PLC,通过高速计数通道读取编码器的脉冲数量,从而转换为实际的线速度。而数字化的总线通讯方式,可以直接从设备上读取数据,信息量更加丰富准确,适用于控制系统的数字化和智能化。     

FX2N PLC和编码器在速度跟踪中的应用

在一种橡胶机械设备的改造中,为检测到原设备电机的实际转速以控制新增电机,使新增电机转速与之同步,采用了在原电机输出轴尾部增加增量编码器的方案。将编码器的高速计数脉冲输入到三菱FX2N系列PLC高速计数器的输入端,通过脉冲采样和计算,将采样计算得出的数字量转换为模拟量即可控制变频器,使新增电机跟随原电机的速度。本文对控制方法作简单介绍。     

基于FPGA的增量式编码器信号采集系统设计

针对电磁测量和伺服控制系统中使用增量式编码器实现位移和速度测量的应用场景,设计基于FPGA的增量式编码器信号采集系统,实现增量式编码器信号倍频鉴向、脉冲计数、UART串口数据传输功能,使用Quartus Ⅱ和ModelSim软件进行联合仿真,验证了基于FPGA的增量式编码器信号采集系统的功能。     

高速和低速设备测速方案的实际应用

结合现场设备,对高速运转设备采用接近开关结合齿盘的方式获取脉冲输入源,对低速旋转设备采用高脉冲数编码器获取脉冲输入源,同时通过设计编码器和旋转设备的连接轴,实现了可靠的测速以及不停机在线维护。     

国产46″外胎硫化机微机化改造中使用光电脉冲发生器代替主令开关

本文所述光电编码器取代主令开关与PC机连机,构思新颖,硬件简单,为用低档PC机改造46″外胎硫化机解决了关键难题。软件设计解决了惯性计数、区间漂移等问题。1987年试验成功,投入生产,为国内首创。     

MMA泄漏溢出原因分析及预防处理措施总结

四川天华富邦有限责任公司丁内酯车间拥有一套NMP生产装置。MMA（甲胺）在生产中作为原料，在装卸、储存、生产中具有很大的泄漏溢出风险，极易发生安全环保事故。下面从其危险特性人手，详细介绍可能发生泄漏溢出的原因，并针对这些原因从管理和技术改造方面，提出预防处理措施，将MMA发生泄漏溢出造成的经济环境损失降到最低。     

关于压力容器壳体材料以厚代薄的探讨

在压力容器制造过程中,经常会遇到板材以厚代薄的情况。虽然此种情况不会发生材料性能降低的问题,但在处理此类材料代用时同样要慎重,因为它也可能给设备制造带来很多意想不到的问题。代用者应根据实际情况进行综合考虑,厚度的变化是否对原设计有影响,本文就这一情况进行探讨。     

天然气商业计量系统信号干扰问题的分析与改造

针对天然气商业计量系统出现温度和压力值频繁跳变的现象,逐项排查仪表信号干扰因素,提出两项有效消除干扰的改造措施,测试、验证并落实改造措施后彻底解决了信号干扰问题.     

横向流除油器处理油田含油污水的研究

针对油田含油污水,研制开发出新型横向流除油器。该设备由聚结板区和分离板区构成。水流在设备内沿水平方向流动,油垂直向上移动,泥垂直向下滑动,处理后水质不会产生二次污染等问题。用该设备处理大庆油田含油汗水效果良好,完全可以代替现有工艺中的自然沉降罐和混凝沉降槽。     

Electrolytic conductivity—the hopping mechanism of the proton and beyond

The hopping mechanism of electrolytic conductivity is analyzed, employing mixtures of two solvents: one that sustains the hopping mechanism and the other that does not inhibit it directly, but interferes with it by diluting the solvent that sustains hopping.Measurement of the equivalent conductivity shows that the excess proton conductivities of H₃O⁺ and OH⁻ increases with increasing temperature, although the number of hydrogen bonds is known to decrease.In mixtures of acetonitrile with water, proton hopping does not start until a threshold concentration of about 20 vol.% water has been reached, while no such threshold concentration is observed upon addition of methanol to acetonitrile. It is concluded that in the former the proton is transferred to a cluster of water molecules, which can be formed only if there is enough water in the solvent mixture. This observation leads to the concept of mono-water, which is the state of water molecules when they constitute a small minority in the solvent mixtures, as opposed to bulk water, which consists of clusters of variable sizes.Systems in which a hopping mechanism of heavy ions has been observed include Br⁻/Br₂ and I⁻/I₂. In these cases the triple ions Br₃⁻ and I₃⁻, respectively are formed, and serve as the mediators for the transfer of the simple halogen ion. A very large increase of conductivity was observed upon solidification of the Br⁻/Br₃⁻ system, probably caused by favorable linear alignment of ions in the solid.The conductivity of acidified methanol decreases upon addition of water, because the affinity of the proton to water is higher than to methanol, thus water can act as a scavenger for protons. This behavior exemplifies a general observation, namely that conductivity by hopping can only occur when the Gibbs energy of the system does not change significantly following ion transfer; otherwise the ions would be trapped in the more stable state, hindering further propagation by hopping.The dependence of the Walden product on temperature can serve as an experimental criterion for hopping. A distinct decline of the product λ⁰ × η with increasing temperature is a clear indication of the occurrence of a hopping (non-Stokesian) mechanism of electrolytic conductivity.     

防止油井溢漏工艺技术研究

油水井在作业过程中常常遇到油管溢漏问题,即地层与井筒压力不平衡时,井底液体从油管、套管外溢或井筒内液体漏失。油井溢流使施工不能正常进行,严重影响作业周期,污染井场,致使油井不能按时施工;油井漏失会污染油层;在稠油、超稠油井中,压井液、洗井液进入地层,吸收井筒周围的热量,使井筒周围温度降低,转抽后开井困难。本文针对油田生产中存在的油井漏失问题,介绍了一种能够减少油井作业程序,防止压井液、洗井液进入地层以及地层内的液体进入井筒的作业管柱,实现了注汽、采油一体化,采用该工艺管柱后,可减少作业工序和作业时间,降低作业费用,防止环境污染。     

Energy storage density and efficiency of polyetherimide nanocomposites diminished by the temperature dependent charge hopping

The utilization of renewable energies requires extensive use of energy storage equipment such as dielectric capacitor. Polyetherimide nanocomposites (PEI PNCs) have high energy storage performance, and become the next generation advanced dielectric s However, the quantitative relation between the charge transport and energy storage of PEI PNCs is not very clear, restricting further improvement of their performance. Considering the charge injection from electrodes and the charge hopping transport inside the dielectric, the energy storage and release model of capacitors was established. Firstly, the conductivities of PEI PNCs were simulated, and the charge transport parameters were determined by comparing with the experiments. Then, the electric displacement-electric field (D-E) loops of PEI PNCs were simulated, and the discharged energy density and energy efficiency were calculated from them. The simulation results are consistent with the experiments, and the quantitative relationship between charge injection and transport parameters and energy storage performance is established. In addition, it is found that the energy storage density and efficiency are diminished by the increase of hopping distance at high temperatures. Increasing the hopping barrier, reducing the hopping distance and its temperature dependence through nano-doping can significantly improve the energy storage performance under high temperatures and high electric fields.     

从蒸汽加热器爆炸事故分析有关标准的合理性

蒸汽加热器不属于压力容器监管范畴,但它也会发生爆炸事故。从一个蒸汽加热器事故案例分析《空气冷却器与空气加热器》标准的缺陷和不足,并提出修改标准和加强在役设备管理的建议,以避免蒸汽加热器安全事故的发生。     

磷矿细碎溢流式球磨机运行缺陷及改进

磷酸车间的溢流式珠磨机是磷矿细碎的主要设备,分析球磨机运行中的缺陷,阐述了相应的改进措施和效果。改进后设备运行和生产指标达到了较好状态。     

稳控装置在电网重载区域应用安全性研究

随着地区经济的快速发展,地区局部电网重载情况越来越突出,成为影响电网安全稳定运行的一大隐患,秦皇岛西南部电网的龙小双回线路,线径较小,供电压力沉重,武山站、龙家店站长期处于重载情况下运行。若龙小一回线发生故障,必须采取措施快速控制西南部地区负荷,确保运行线路不发生相继故障。据此,秦皇岛地区在西南部电网安装了过负荷联切装置。此稳控装置可以在线路发生N-1故障时快速切除负荷,有效缩短事故处理时间,提高了地区电网运行的安全性。     

洗煤生产中存在的问题及改进措施

对洗煤生产中存在的洗煤能力与浮选能力、压滤能力不配套的问题进行了分析,从工艺、设备及技术改造方面提出生产合格质量精煤的措施,改造后入洗原煤为105t/h,精煤水分≤15%,精煤的回收率对易选煤达到75%。     

The effect of absorbed moisture on dielectric behavior of silica (micro)-unsaturated polyester composites

It is well known that most of the dielectric failures occur in high voltage equipment due to absorption of moisture by the insulating material from the environment. Hence, the effect of absorbed moisture on electrical and mechanical properties of silica-unsaturated polyester resin (UPR) composites has been evaluated. The absorption of moisture in silica-UPR composites does not show any significant change in electrical and mechanical properties. The effect of acetone and water absorption on silica-UPR composites was determined and it was that found silica-UPR composite shows higher acetone absorption when compared with water. The differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis studies of silica-UPR composites show no significant change in glass transition temperature using prehumidified (0–95% RH) silica filler. As there is no significant change in thermal and mechanical properties after exposure to humid conditions, it can be concluded that water does not penetrate inside the polymer matrix. Hence, the silica particles are the best choice to use as filler in UPR matrix for UPR composite used in electrical equipment. The developed silica-UPR composite was successfully used in the preparation of medium voltage inductive transformers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

高压水清理施工应该注意的一些事情

高压水清理技术因其是在超高压条件下施工,由此带来的施工安全问题必须引起足够的重视。本文介绍了高压水清理设备的基本组成,高压水清理对施工人员可能造成的危害,可以采用的合适的安全防护器具,正常的工作压力等,以使施工人员熟悉高压水设备的正确使用方法。     

Catalytic and adsorptive desulphurization of gases

The present paper considers some very important problems: problems which are important in the area of environmental protection, as well as in the technical and technological desulphurization of gases. Here we have selected only those ‘dry’ technologies in which adsorption and catalytic processes occur. The paper presents the basics of methods for removing sulphur dioxide and hydrogen sulphide from what are called acid gases, as well as equipment for this purpose, together with a discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of particular processes. The introduction to the paper includes the sources of the emission of hydrogen sulphide and sulphur dioxide, their toxicity, and the methods by which atmospheric air can be environmentally protected. The writer realizes that the paper does not include all technologies but only the major directions, which make removal of contamination caused by sulphur compounds from tail gases possible. The typical catalytic dry processes of the conversion of sulphur compounds in tail gases represent a new direction, which is likely to undergo intensive development if we are able to solve the problem of the preparation of appropriate catalysts operating under very difficult and unstable conditions.