Effects of Cr2O3 on Properties of Alumina—spinel Castable

The effects Cr2O3 on properties of alumina-spinel castable has been discussed in this paper,The results show that modulus of rupture(MOR) and cold crushing strength(CCS) of the alumina-spinel castable can be improved when Cr2O is added to this material.At higher temperature,Cr2O3 moves into the melt and raises its viscosity,forming high creep resistance bonding phase,so the thermal shock resistance and slag corrosion resistance are improved.     

esearch and Application of Burned Microporous High Alumian—Graphite（Al／C） Brick in Blast Furnace

This paper inroduces the research background,technology,product property and application of burned microporous high alumina-graphite brick (Al2O3-C brick) used in blast furnace,The difference of property between Al2O3-C brick and other blast furnace refractories is discussed .The results of simulative tests show that ,Al2O3-C brick has good alkali resistance,slag resistance,thermal shock resistance,oxidation resistance,high thermal conductivity,low permeability and low solubility in molten iron,The brick with micropores of average radius less than 1μm has been successively applied to fourteen blast furnaces, the lining life of the brick is almost as long as that of Si3N4 bonded SiC brick Al2O3-C brick will be widely used in lower stack ,belly,bosh and hearth in the future.     

Corrosion Resistance of AI2O3-C Materials to Oolitic-hematite Reduction Melt

Al2O3- C specimens were prepared using fused corundum and flake graphite as starting materials,SiC as antioxidant,and phenolic resin as binder to research their corrosion resistance to oolitic-hematite reduction melt. The tests of slag penetration and corrosion were carried out by static crucible method. The corrosion resistance was presented by the corrosion area and penetration depth. The corroded specimens were investigated by XRD,SEM and EDS. The results show that:(1) the corrosion resistance of Al2O3- C materials to oolitic-hematite reduction melt is improved obviously by the addition of SiC;(2) with the rising of reduction temperature and the prolonging of reduction duration,the corrosion area and penetration depth both increase rapidly;(3) the corrosion mechanism of the oolitic-hematite reduction melt can be described as that the melt reacts with Al2O3- C materials forming some low melting compounds such as CaO·Al2O3·2SiO2,CaO·2Al2O3and Fe2SiO4.     

Corrosion Resistance of Ceramic Coating on Steel Substrate

Fe/Al2O3 ceramic coating was made by spraying and sol-gel. The corrosion resistance between Fe/Al2O3 ceramic coating and steel 45# was studied. By microscope and X-ray diffraction, the binding and the composition of the interface were also analyzed. The results showed that Fe/Al2O3 ceramic coating had dense struc- ture, less porosity and better binding with the substrate which was effective to prevent erosive liquor immersing into the inside of ceramic coating. Some substances that distributed homogeneously in Fe/Al2O3 ceramic coating, such as α-Al2O3, FeAlO3 and Fe3Al, could improve the corrosion resistance of this material.     

Thermodynamic Evaluation of Cr2O3-Al2O3 Refractory Corrosion by Smelting Reduction Ironmaking Slag

The interfacial reactions of Cr2O3- Al2O3 refractory materials with smelting reduction ironmaking slag were investigated by thermodynamic modeling. The calculation results indicated that different spinel phases were produced after the interactions between the slag and three types of refractory materials( 10Cr2O3- 90Al2O3,50Cr2O3- 50Al2O3 and 90Cr2O3- 10Al2O3) at 1 500℃. Increased contents of Al2O3 and Cr2O3in the remained liquid slag after interaction implied the dissolution of refractory. Thermodynamic modeling predicted that the process of dissolution might lead to much deeper penetration into the refractory materials by the present compositional slag. Accordingly,corrosion testing was also conducted to validate the thermodynamic prediction.     

Effect of Metal Additives on Performance of Low-Carbon Magnesia-Carbon Materials

In this paper,both oxidation and corrosion resistance of low-carbon magnesia-carbon materials containing 4.0wt% graphite with metallic Al and Mg-Al alloy powders as antioxidants were investigated.Meanwhile,the microstructures of samples corroded by slag were observed with optical microscope as well.The test results revealed the properties of oxidation and corrosion resistance of low-carbon magnesia-carbon materials could be improved obviously by adding metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder.The rule of improving oxidation resistance was illegibility when metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder were added together.It was harmful to corrosion resistance by mixed adding metal Al powder and Mg-Al alloy powder into the materials,at the same time,the corrosion resistance would decreased with the increasing of Mg-Al alloy content.The corrosion resistance of samples with 0.5wt% or 3.0wt% Mg-Al alloy was better. The oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of materials with metal Al or Mg-Al alloy respectively were better than that with mixed metal Al and Mg-Al alloy. As a result, Mg-Al alloy was more suitable for low-carbon composite materials than metal Al as additives.     

Influence of SiC Contents in Al_2O_3-SiO_2 Castables on Resistance to PbO-rich Slag

Low cement Al2O3-SiO2 castables was prepared using super grade bauxite(w(Al2O3)>85%) as aggregate,brown fused corundum,silicon carbide,Secar 71 CA cement,α-Al2O3 micropowder and microsilica as fine powders.The influence of SiC(0,5 wt%,10 wt%,and 15 wt%)on resistance to PbO-rich slag was investigated by static crucible slag test(1 300 ℃ for 5 h,in air).The slag corrosion mechanism of the castables was analyzed by means of SEM,EDS and XRD.The results show that the resistance of Al2O3-SiO2 castables to PbO-ric...     

Effect of Treated Graphite on Properties of Al_2O_3-SiC-C Castables

Al2O3-SiC-C castables with 2% pitch or 2%,4% and 6% treated graphite,respectively,were prepared based on the basic formulation of traditional Al2O3-SiC-C castables. The flowability of castables,and bulk density,volume stability,strength,oxidation resistance and slag resistance of specimens fired at 110 ℃,1 100 ℃ and 1 500 ℃ respectively were comparatively studied. The results showed that:(1) With carbon source changing from pitch to treated graphite and the increase of treated graphite addition,water additi...     

Effect of Pyrophyllite Particle Size on Properties of AI_2O_3-SiC-C Bricks for Iron Ladles

The Al2O3-SiC-C bricks for iron ladles were prepared using bauxite,fused corundum,pyrophyllite,SiC powder and flake graphite as main starting materials, and phenolic resin as binder. The effect of pyrophyllite particle size on permanent change in dimensions,cold crushing strength,oxidation resistance,and corrosion resistance of Al2O3-SiC-C bricks was investigated. The results show that with the decrease of the pyrophyl-lite particle size,the permanent change in dimensions of Al2O3-SiC-C bricks decreases, cold crushing strength increases,the oxidation resistance at 1 400 ℃ increases,and the corrosion resistance at 1 500 ℃ decreases.     

Effect of Al_2O_3-SiC Composite Powder on Properties of Al_2O_3-SiC一C Bricks

Al2O3- SiC- C specimens were prepared using white fused corundum( 3- 1,≤1 and ≤0. 044 mm),Al2O3- SiC composite powders( d50≤5 μm),α-Al2O3micropowder( d50= 1. 2 μm),SiC powder( ≤0. 044mm),flake graphite( ≤0. 088 mm),Si powder( d50= 42. 8 μm) and B4C powder( d50≤10 μm) as main starting materials,and thermosetting phenolic resin as binder. 4%,8%,12% and 16%( in mass,the same hereinafter) of Al2O3- SiC composite powders substituted the same quantity of α-Al2O3micropowder + SiC powder.Effects of composite powder additions on apparent porosity,bulk density,cold modulus of rupture,cold crushing strength,hot modulus of rupture( 1 400 ℃),therma shock resistance( 1 100 ℃,water quenching) and oxidation resistance( 1 000 and 1 500 ℃) of Al2O3- SiC- C specimens after 180 ℃ curing,1 000 ℃ 3 h carbon-embedded firing and 1 500 ℃ 3 h carbon-embedded firing,respectively,were researched. The results indicate that:( 1) with the increase of Al2O3- SiC composite powder,cold strengths of the cured specimens decline,those of the specimens fired at 1 000 ℃ change a little,and those of the specimens fired at 1 500 ℃ change a little except for an obvious improvement of cold crushing strength;( 2) with the increase of Al2O3- SiC composite powder,hot modulus of rupture at 1 400 ℃ decreasesand thermal shock resistance enhances significantly;( 3) when Al2O3- SiC composite powder addition is4%,the oxidation resistance at 1 500 ℃ is the best,and the reason may be the composite powder is finer and more active,which is beneficial to form dense mullite protective layer to retard the O2diffusion into the specimens.     

Application of Semi—rebonded Magnesite—Chrome Bricks of LRF at RH Lower Vessl of NKK Keihin Wroks

The application results of semi-rebonded magnesite-chrome bricks at RH lowe vessel of NKK Corporation Keihin Works have been analysed,The results indicate that the main reasons that cause the damage of the refactory brcks include:chemical attack of slage to the semi-rebonded magnesite-chrome bricks;pene-tration of molten stel,slag into the bricks;and therma spalling due to temperature fluctua-tion during steel making operation.The results of multiple effection of these factors lead to alternative action of erosion(chemical attack and penetration)and spalling(thermal spalling and structure peeling) resulting in the damage of the brik ,In order to improve the performance of the bricks ,it is necessary to promote the resistance to erosion and thermal shock resistance as well as to keep the accurate dimensions of the brick,The measures of improvement of resistance to erosion of magne-site-chrome bricks taken by the researches mainly include:lowering the contents of impu-rities in the bricks(mainly including SiO2,CaO,and next Fe2O3 and Al2O3);promoting the extent of direct bond of the brick;forming a large amount of magnesia-chrome composite spinel well-distributed in the bricks through adding a large amount of synthesized materi-als;enhancing the resistance to erosion by adding a little amount of high-effective additives,Improvement of thermal shock resistance of the bricks is mainly through introducing some additive to make a certain amount of mi-cro-cracks occur in the brick so as to obtain an effect of increasing toughnes or through for-mation of second high temperature solid phase in the brick by adopting additive,In addition,it is needed to improve the quality of the brick appearance and ensure accurate dimensions of the brick,The purpose of this paper is to further iprove the service life of the refractory bricks by making use of the improvement mea-sures taken on the basis of the analysis results of the used bricks.     

高Al_(13)含量聚合氯化铝制备γ-Al_2O_3及表征(英文)

In this paper a polyaluminum chloride solution with high Al13 content was prepared and used as raw material for preparation ofγ-Al2O3.The texture and crystalline phase of the prepared alumina samples were characterized by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX) ,X-ray diffraction,transmission electron microscope(TEM) and nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) analyses.The effects of alkaline solution and calcination temperature were investigated.The results showed that alkaline solution including NH3·H2O and NaOH had little effect on the alumina sample formation.The impurities of NH4Cl and NaCl in solution can be removed through repeated washing by EDX analysis.Calcination temperature had a significant effect on alumina crystal phase.The alumina sample can transform completely toγ-Al2O3 in the subsequent heating from 600°C to 800°C.It is very interesting that Al13 can be existed inγ-Al2O3 phase even after calcinations.The results indicate that polyaluminum chloride with high Al13 content is an effective material to prepareγ-Al2O3.     

Application of Semi—rebonded Magnesite—Chrome Bricks of LRCO at RH Lower Vessl of NKK Keihin Works

The application results of Semi-rebonded Magnesite-Chrome bricks at RH lower vessl of the NKK Corporation Keihin Works have been analysed.The results indicate that the main reasons that cause the damage of the refractory bricks include chemical at-tack of slag to the Semi-rebonded Magnesite-Chrome bricks;penetration of molten steel and slagn into the bricks;and thermal spalling due to teperature fluctuation during steel making operation. The re-sulits of multiple effection of these factors lead to alternative action of erosion(chemicl attack and penetration) and spalling (thermal spalling and structure peeling) resulting in the damage of the brick,In order to improve the performance of the bricks,it is necessary to promote the resistance to ero-sion and thermal shock resistance as well as to keep the aurate dimensions of the brick .The measures to improve the resistance to erosion of magnesite-chrome bricks taken by the researchers mainly in-clude:lowering the contents of impurities in the bricks (mainly including SiO2,CaO,and next Fe2O3 and Al2O3);promoting the extent of direct bond of the brick;forming a large amount of magnesia-chrome composite spinel well-distributed in the bricks through adding a large amount of synthe-sized materials ;enhancing the resistance to erosion by adding a little amount of high-effective addi-tives,Improvement of thermal shock resistance of the bricks is mainly through introducing some addi-tive to make a certain amount of micro-cracks occur-ing in the brick so as to obtain the effect of increase toughness or through formation of second high tem-perture solid phse in the brick by adopting addi-tive,In ddition,it is needed to improve the quality of the brick appearance and ensure accurate dimen-sions of the brick ,The purpose of this paper is to describe the further improvement of the service life of refactory brick by the measures taken on the basis of the nalysis results to the used bricks.     

Effect of Main Material Ratio on Properties of SiC-Al_2O_3 Porous Ceramics via Polymeric Replication Method

In order to fabricate porous ceramics with good properties and proper production cost,SiC-Al2 O3 porous ceramics were prepared at 1 450 ℃ for 2 h from the powders of commercial silicon carbide and white fused corundum via a polymeric replication method. Effects of the mass ratio of SiC powder to white fused corundum powder( 1 ∶ 3,1 ∶ 1 and 3 ∶ 1) on the appearance,phase composition,sintering properties and thermal shock resistance were investigated. The research results indicate that the as-prepared Si C-Al2 O3 porous ceramics have uniform pores,and their linear shrinkage ratio,apparent porosity and bulk density reach 4. 70%,67. 17%and 0. 83 g·cm-3,respectively. The thermal shock cycles from 1 400 ℃ to room temperature reach 23 including 15 cycles in air cooling condition and then 8 cycles in water cooling condition. Their main phases areα-Al2 O3 and Al6 Si2 O13 as well as a small amount of SiC and free SiO2. The as-prepared porous ceramic with the ratio of m( SiC) ∶ m( Al2 O3) = 1∶ 1 possesses prior comprehensive properties.     

Replacement of Flake Graphite in Aluminacarbon Refractories by Hexagonal Boron Nitride

Three kinds of composite alumina refractories were prepared with tabular alumina （3-1 and 1-0 mm） as aggregates,tabular alumina powder,α-Al2 O3 micropowder,and Si powder as matrix,adding 3 mass％ hexagonal boron nitride （h-BN）,3 mass％ flake graphite and 10 mass％ flake graphite,respectively.Cold physical properties,hot modulus of rupture,oxidation resistance,thermal shock resistance and slag corrosion resistance of the specimens were compared.The results show that：（1） physical properties and hot modulus of rupture of Al2 O3-h-BN refractories are slightly different from those of low carbon Al2 O3-C refractories,but better than those of traditional Al2 O3-C refractories with 10 mass％ graphite ; （2） Al2 O3-h-BN refractories have better thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance than the carbon containing refractories,while similar slag resistance with low carbon Al2 O3-C refractories ; （3） h-BN can replace flake graphite as a starting material for the preparation of composite alumina refractories,considering the overall properties of the material.     

Effect of Additives on Properties of MgO—ZrO2—C Material

The paper describes the effect of additives Al,Si,SiC and A4C on the expanson of MgO-ZrO2-C material after being coked.Theresults indicate that Al and Si were oxi-dized to form Al2O3 and SiO2 respectively,and then re-acted with CaZrO3 or stabilizer in c-ZrO2 to form calcium aluminate,spinel(MA),dicalcium silicate(C2S) and forsterite (M2S) ,Meznwhile,α-C2S ras transformed to γ-C2S and c-ZrO2 to m-ZrO2 when temperature changed.All the above reactions resulted in the decrease of the amount of Al4C3 and SiC and the increase in bulk volume,which caused the stucture of MgO-ZrO2-C material de-stroyed.Hence,contrary to the MgO-C material,when adding Al,and Si,the MgO-ZrO2-C material would be structurally deteriorated after heat-treatment and its strength and corrosion resistance decreased.     

The Formation of γ—AlON Spinel in the Reaction of Al2O3—AlN—MgO System

The stabilization of γ-aluminium oxyni-tride spinel(γ-AlON) has been investigated by addition of MgO,MgAl2O4,etc.,in reaction process.The results indicated that there are wider solid solution areas near ,Al2O3-rich side in AlN-Al2O3-MgO ternary systems,The content of stabilized AlON phase in samples is related to heating temperatures,additives,etc.The lattice parameters of their AlON phases could be well describedby the equation: a0=0.7900 0.0375[MgO] 0.015[AlN](nm)     

Improvement of FeO Corrosion Resistance by Addition of β－Sialion in Matrix of Corundum Castable

Silicon aluminum oxynitride (β-Si4Al2O2N6) powder was added into corundum castable and its FeO corrosion resistance was tested in crucible method.It was found that FeO corrosion resistance of sialon containing corundum castables was better than that of no sialon powder added ,The optimum content of the sialon powder in castables was higher than mass of the sialon powder in castables was higher than mass 15%.Moreover,O‘-sialon phase,together with β-sialon phase occurred in corundum castables heated in coke bed at 1500℃,although β-sialon powder was initially admixed into the matrix of castables.The EPMA results showed these nitrogen-containing phases located in the matrix of castables were favorable to hinder the penetration of FeO melt at high temperature in comparison with pure corundum castable.However,the flowability of corundum castable became worse originated from the sialon powder added.     

WP/γ-Al2O3催化剂的制备、表征及加氢脱硫和加氢脱氮活性

Two series of WP/Al2O3 catalyst precursors with WP mass loading in the range 18.5%-37.1% were prepared using the impregnation method and mixing method, respectively, and the catalysts were then obtained by temperature-programmed reduction of supported tungsten phosphate (precursor of WP/Al2O3 catatlysts) in H2 at 650℃ for 4h. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, TG/DTA, XPS and 31p MAS-NMR. The activities of these catalysts were tested in the hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of pyridine and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene at 340℃ and 3.0MPa. The results showed that owing to the stronger interaction of the support with the active species, the precursor of WP/Al2O3 catalyst was more difficultly phosphided and a greater amount of W species was in a high valence state W6 on the surface of the catalyst prepared by the impregnation method than that by the mixing method. 31p MAS-NMR results indicated that 31p shift from 85% H3PO4 of 2.55 × 10-4 for WP and 2.57 × 10-4 for WP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts prepared by mixing method. Such WP/Al2O3 catalysts showed higher HDN activities and lower HDS activities than those prepared by the impregnation method under the same loading of WP.WP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with weak interaction between support and active species were favorable for HDN reaction while the WP/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with strong interaction were favorable for HDS reaction.     

T23,T24合金管材在模拟烟气中的高温腐蚀研究(英文)

Candidate materials for water wall of supercritical and ultra-supercritical utility boilers,T23 and T24,were chosen as the experimental samples and exposed to oxidizing atmosphere,reducing atmosphere and oxidizing/reducing alternating atmosphere separately.The corrosion temperature was 450-550?C.The effects of oxygen con-tent and temperature on the corrosion in reducing atmosphere and alternating atmosphere were investigated.The scanning electron microscope(SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) were used to examine the corroded samples.The results show that the corrosion kinetics of T23 and T24 can be described by the double logarithmic equation and parabolic equation respectively.To describe the corrosion of materials accurately it is not sufficient to analyze the macro-mass gain and the macro-thickness of the corroded layer only,but the EDS should be applied to examine the migration depth of corrosive elements O and S.It is revealed that the corrosion becomes more severe when H2S is present in the corrosive gas.S is more active than O,and Cr can reduce the migration of oxygen but not S.The combination corrosion of S and O and pure [S] has a stronger corrodibility than pure H2S.T24 suffers the most severe corrosion at oxygen content of 0.8%.Corrosion is aggravated when the corrosion temperature is above 450 ℃ in the alternating atmosphere.T23 has better corrosion resistance than T24 and W contributes a lot to the corrosion resistance of T23.