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1.
Although there has been tremendous progress in exploring new configurations of zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (Zn‐HSCs) recently, the much lower energy density, especially the much lower areal energy density compared with that of the rechargeable battery, is still the bottleneck, which is impeding their wide applications in wearable devices. Herein, the pre‐intercalation of Zn2+ which gives rise to a highly stable tunnel structure of ZnxMnO2 in nanowire form that are grown on flexible carbon cloth with a disruptively large mass loading of 12 mg cm?2 is reported. More interestingly, the ZnxMnO2 nanowires of tunnel structure enable an ultrahigh areal energy density and power density, when they are employed as the cathode in Zn‐HSCs. The achieved areal capacitance of up to 1745.8 mF cm?2 at 2 mA cm?2, and the remarkable areal energy density of 969.9 µWh cm?2 are comparable favorably with those of Zn‐ion batteries. When integrated into a quasi‐solid‐state device, they also endow outstanding mechanical flexibility. The truly battery‐level Zn‐HSCs are timely in filling up of the battery‐supercapacitor gap, and promise applications in the new generation flexible and wearable devices.  相似文献   

2.
A novel process to fabricate a carbon‐microelectromechanical‐system‐based alternating stacked MoS2@rGO–carbon‐nanotube (CNT) micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) is reported. The MSC is fabricated by successively repeated spin‐coating of MoS2@rGO/photoresist and CNT/photoresist composites twice, followed by photoetching, developing, and pyrolysis. MoS2@rGO and CNTs are embedded in the carbon microelectrodes, which cooperatively enhance the performance of the MSC. The fabricated MSC exhibits a high areal capacitance of 13.7 mF cm?2 and an energy density of 1.9 µWh cm?2 (5.6 mWh cm?3), which exceed many reported carbon‐ and MoS2‐based MSCs. The MSC also retains 68% of capacitance at a current density of 2 mA cm?2 (5.9 A cm?3) and an outstanding cycling performance (96.6% after 10 000 cycles, at a scan rate of 1 V s?1). Compared with other MSCs, the MSC in this study is fabricated by a low‐cost and facile process, and it achieves an excellent and stable electrochemical performance. This approach could be highly promising for applications in integration of micro/nanostructures into microdevices/systems.  相似文献   

3.
The development of manganese dioxide as the cathode for aqueous Zn‐ion battery (ZIB) is limited by the rapid capacity fading and material dissolution. Here, a highly reversible aqueous ZIB using graphene scroll‐coated α‐MnO2 as the cathode is proposed. The graphene scroll is uniformly coated on the MnO2 nanowire with an average width of 5 nm, which increases the electrical conductivity of the MnO2 nanowire and relieves the dissolution of the cathode material during cycling. An energy density of 406.6 Wh kg?1 (382.2 mA h g?1) at 0.3 A g?1 can be reached, which is the highest specific energy value among all the cathode materials for aqueous Zn‐ion battery so far, and good long‐term cycling stability with 94% capacity retention after 3000 cycles at 3 A g?1 are achieved. Meanwhile, a two‐step intercalation mechanism that Zn ions first insert into the layers and then the tunnels of MnO2 framework is proved by in situ X‐ray diffraction, galvanostatic intermittent titration technique, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations. The graphene scroll‐coated metallic oxide strategy can also bring intensive interests for other energy storage systems.  相似文献   

4.
Lithium ion capacitors are new energy storage devices combining the complementary features of both electric double‐layer capacitors and lithium ion batteries. A key limitation to this technology is the kinetic imbalance between the Faradaic insertion electrode and capacitive electrode. Here, we demonstrate that the Li3VO4 with low Li‐ion insertion voltage and fast kinetics can be favorably used for lithium ion capacitors. N‐doped carbon‐encapsulated Li3VO4 nanowires are synthesized through a morphology‐inheritance route, displaying a low insertion voltage between 0.2 and 1.0 V, a high reversible capacity of ≈400 mAh g?1 at 0.1 A g?1, excellent rate capability, and long‐term cycling stability. Benefiting from the small nanoparticles, low energy diffusion barrier and highly localized charge‐transfer, the Li3VO4/N‐doped carbon nanowires exhibit a high‐rate pseudocapacitive behavior. A lithium ion capacitor device based on these Li3VO4/N‐doped carbon nanowires delivers a high energy density of 136.4 Wh kg?1 at a power density of 532 W kg?1, revealing the potential for application in high‐performance and long life energy storage devices.  相似文献   

5.
High‐performance yet flexible micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) hold great promise as miniaturized power sources for increasing demand of integrated electronic devices. Herein, this study demonstrates a scalable fabrication of multilayered graphene‐based MSCs (MG‐MSCs), by direct laser writing (DLW) of stacked graphene films made from industry‐scale chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Combining the dry transfer of multilayered CVD graphene films, DLW allows a highly efficient fabrication of large‐areal MSCs with exceptional flexibility, diverse planar geometry, and capability of customer‐designed integration. The MG‐MSCs exhibit simultaneously ultrahigh energy density of 23 mWh cm?3 and power density of 1860 W cm?3 in an ionogel electrolyte. Notably, such MG‐MSCs demonstrate an outstanding flexible alternating current line‐filtering performance in poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte, indicated by a phase angle of ?76.2° at 120 Hz and a resistance–capacitance constant of 0.54 ms, due to the efficient ion transport coupled with the excellent electric conductance of the planar MG microelectrodes. MG–polyaniline (MG‐PANI) hybrid MSCs fabricated by DLW of MG‐PANI hybrid films show an optimized capacitance of 3.8 mF cm?2 in PVA/H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte; an integrated device comprising MG‐MSCs line filtering, MG‐PANI MSCs, and pressure/gas sensors is demonstrated.  相似文献   

6.
In this work, combining both advantages of potassium‐ion batteries and dual‐ion batteries, a novel potassium‐ion‐based dual‐ion battery (named as K‐DIB) system is developed based on a potassium‐ion electrolyte, using metal foil (Sn, Pb, K, or Na) as anode and expanded graphite as cathode. When using Sn foil as the anode, the K‐DIB presents a high reversible capacity of 66 mAh g?1 at a current density of 50 mA g?1 over the voltage window of 3.0–5.0 V, and exhibits excellent long‐term cycling performance with 93% capacity retention for 300 cycles. Moreover, as the Sn foil simultaneously acts as the anode material and the current collector, dead load and dead volume of the battery can be greatly reduced, thus the energy density of the K‐DIB is further improved. It delivers a high energy density of 155 Wh kg?1 at a power density of 116 W kg?1, which is comparable with commercial lithium‐ion batteries. Thus, with the advantages of environmentally friendly, cost effective, and high energy density, this K‐DIB shows attractive potential for future energy storage application.  相似文献   

7.
Currently, the main bottleneck for the widespread application of Ni–Zn batteries is their poor cycling stability as a result of the irreversibility of the Ni‐based cathode and dendrite formation of the Zn anode during the charging–discharging processes. Herein, a highly rechargeable, flexible, fiber‐shaped Ni–Zn battery with impressive electrochemical performance is rationally demonstrated by employing Ni–NiO heterostructured nanosheets as the cathode. Benefiting from the improved conductivity and enhanced electroactivity of the Ni–NiO heterojunction nanosheet cathode, the as‐fabricated fiber‐shaped Ni–NiO//Zn battery displays high capacity and admirable rate capability. More importantly, this Ni–NiO//Zn battery shows unprecedented cyclic durability both in aqueous (96.6% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles) and polymer (almost no capacity attenuation after 10 000 cycles at 22.2 A g?1) electrolytes. Moreover, a peak energy density of 6.6 µWh cm?2, together with a remarkable power density of 20.2 mW cm?2, is achieved by the flexible quasi‐solid‐state fiber‐shaped Ni–NiO//Zn battery, outperforming most reported fiber‐shaped energy‐storage devices. Such a novel concept of a fiber‐shaped Ni–Zn battery with impressive stability will greatly enrich the flexible energy‐storage technologies for future portable/wearable electronic applications.  相似文献   

8.
Supercapacitors have aroused considerable attention due to their high power capability, which enables charge storage/output in minutes or even seconds. However, to achieve a high energy density in a supercapacitor has been a long‐standing challenge. Here, graphite is reported as a high‐energy alternative to the frequently used activated carbon (AC) cathode for supercapacitor application due to its unique Faradaic pseudocapacitive anion intercalation behavior. The graphite cathode manifests both higher gravimetric and volumetric energy density (498 Wh kg?1 and 431.2 Wh l?1) than an AC cathode (234 Wh kg?1 and 83.5 Wh l?1) with peak power densities of 43.6 kW kg?1 and 37.75 kW l?1. A new type of Li‐ion pseudocapacitor (LIpC) is thus proposed and demonstrated with graphite as cathode and prelithiated graphite or Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) as anode. The resultant graphite–graphite LIpCs deliver high energy densities of 167–233 Wh kg?1 at power densities of 0.22–21.0 kW kg?1 (based on active mass in both electrodes), much higher than 20–146 Wh kg?1 of AC‐derived Li‐ion capacitors and 23–67 Wh kg?1 of state‐of‐the‐art metal oxide pseudocapacitors. Excellent rate capability and cycling stability are further demonstrated for LTO‐graphite LIpCs.  相似文献   

9.
Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have gained tremendous interest for grid scale energy storage system and power energy batteries. However, the current researches of anode for SIBs still face the critical issues of low areal capacity, limited cycle life, and low initial coulombic efficiency for practical application perspective. To solve this issue, a kind of hierarchical 3D carbon‐networks/Fe7S8/graphene (CFG) is designed and synthesized as freestanding anode, which is constructed with Fe7S8 microparticles well‐welded on 3D‐crosslinked carbon‐networks and embedded in highly conductive graphene film, via a facile and scalable synthetic method. The as‐prepared freestanding electrode CFG represents high areal capacity (2.12 mAh cm?2 at 0.25 mA cm?2) and excellent cycle stability of 5000 cycles (0.0095% capacity decay per cycle). The assembled all‐flexible sodium‐ion battery delivers remarkable performance (high areal capacity of 1.42 mAh cm?2 at 0.3 mA cm?2 and superior energy density of 144 Wh kg?1), which are very close to the requirement of practical application. This work not only enlightens the material design and electrode engineering, but also provides a new kind of freestanding high energy density anode with great potential application prospective for SIBs.  相似文献   

10.
Aqueous Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) have garnered the researchers' spotlight owing to its high safety, cost effectiveness, and high theoretical capacity of Zn anode. However, the availability of cathode materials for Zn ions storage is limited. With unique layered structure along the [010] direction, α‐MoO3 holds great promise as a cathode material for ZIBs, but its intrinsically poor conductivity severely restricts the capacity and rate capability. To circumvent this issue, an efficient surface engineering strategy is proposed to significantly improve the electric conductivity, Zn ion diffusion rate, and cycling stability of the MoO3 cathode for ZIBs, thus drastically promoting its electrochemical properties. With the synergetic effect of Al2O3 coating and phosphating process, the constructed Zn//P‐MoO3?x@Al2O3 battery delivers impressive capacity of 257.7 mAh g?1 at 1 A g?1 and superior rate capability (57% capacity retention at 20 A g?1), dramatically surpassing the pristine Zn//MoO3 battery (115.8 mAh g?1; 19.7%). More importantly, capitalized on polyvinyl alcohol gel electrolyte, an admirable capacity (19.2 mAh cm?3) as well as favorable energy density (14.4 mWh cm?3; 240 Wh kg?1) are both achieved by the fiber‐shaped quasi‐solid‐state ZIB. This work may be a great motivation for further research on molybdenum or other layered structure materials for high‐performance ZIBs.  相似文献   

11.
Lithium‐ion capacitors (LICs) are promising electrical energy storage systems for mid‐to‐large‐scale applications due to the high energy and large power output without sacrificing long cycle stability. However, due to the different energy storage mechanisms between anode and cathode, the energy densities of LICs often degrade noticeably at high power density, because of the sluggish kinetics limitation at the battery‐type anode side. Herein, a high‐performance LIC by well‐defined ZnMn2O4‐graphene hybrid nanosheets anode and N‐doped carbon nanosheets cathode is presented. The 2D nanomaterials offer high specific surface areas in favor of a fast ion transport and storage with shortened ion diffusion length, enabling fast charge and discharge. The fabricated LIC delivers a high specific energy of 202.8 Wh kg?1 at specific power of 180 W kg?1, and the specific energy remains 98 Wh kg?1 even when the specific power achieves as high as 21 kW kg?1.  相似文献   

12.
Storing more energy in a limited device area is very challenging but crucial for the applications of flexible and wearable electronics. Metal vanadates have been regarded as a fascinating group of materials in many areas, especially in lithium‐ion storage. However, there has not been a versatile strategy to synthesize flexible metal vanadate hybrid nanostructures as binder‐free anodes for Li‐ion batteries so far. A convenient and versatile synthesis of MxVyOx+2.5y@carbon cloth (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) composites is proposed here based on a two‐step hydrothermal route. As‐synthesized products demonstrate hierarchical proliferous structure, ranging from nanoparticles (0D), and nanobelts (1D) to a 3D interconnected network. The metal vanadate/carbon hybrid nanostructures exhibit excellent lithium storage capability, with a high areal specific capacity up to 5.9 mAh cm?2 (which equals to 1676.8 mAh g?1) at a current density of 200 mA g?1. Moreover, the nature of good flexibility, mixed valence states, and ultrahigh mass loading density (over 3.5 mg cm?2) all guarantee their great potential in compact energy storage for future wearable devices and other related applications.  相似文献   

13.
Sodium‐ion capacitors (SICs) have attracted enormous attention due to their high energy density and high power density. In this work, N and S codoped hollow carbon nanobelts (N/S‐HCNs) are synthesized by a self‐templated method. The as‐synthesized carbon nanobelts exhibit excellent performance in pseudocapacitance and electric double layer anions adsorption. After pairing the N/S‐HCNs cathode with a tin foil anode in a carbonate electrolyte, the obtained SIC achieves a high specific capacity of 400 mAh g?1 at 1 A g?1 (based on the mass of cathode material) and energy density of 250.35 Wh kg?1 at 676 W kg?1 (based on the total mass of cathode and anode materials). Besides, the presented SIC also demonstrates high cycling stability with almost 100% capacity retention after 10 000 cycles, which is among the best results of the reported SICs, suggesting the potential for high‐performance energy storage applications.  相似文献   

14.
Flexible supercapacitors have shown enormous potential for portable electronic devices. Herein, hierarchical 3D all‐carbon electrode materials are prepared by assembling N‐doped graphene quantum dots (N‐GQDs) on carbonized MOF materials (cZIF‐8) interweaved with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for flexible all‐solid‐state supercapacitors. In this ternary electrode, cZIF‐8 provides a large accessible surface area, CNTs act as the electrical conductive network, and N‐GQDs serve as highly pseudocapactive materials. Due to the synergistic effect and hierarchical assembly of these components, N‐GQD@cZIF‐8/CNT electrodes exhibit a high specific capacitance of 540 F g?1 at 0.5 A g?1 in a 1 m H2SO4 electrolyte and excellent cycle stability with 90.9% capacity retention over 8000 cycles. The assembled supercapacitor possesses an energy density of 18.75 Wh kg?1 with a power density of 108.7 W kg?1. Meanwhile, three supercapacitors connected in series can power light‐emitting diodes for 20 min. All‐solid‐state N‐GQD@cZIF‐8/CNT flexible supercapacitor exhibits an energy density of 14 Wh kg?1 with a power density of 89.3 W kg?1, while the capacitance retention after 5000 cycles reaches 82%. This work provides an effective way to construct novel electrode materials with high energy storage density as well as good cycling performance and power density for high‐performance energy storage devices via the rational design.  相似文献   

15.
Emerging wearable electronics require flexible energy storage devices with high volumetric energy and power densities. Fiber‐shaped capacitors (FCs) offer high power densities and excellent flexibility but low energy densities. Zn‐ion capacitors have high energy density and other advantages, such as low cost, nontoxicity, reversible Faradaic reaction, and broad operating voltage windows. However, Zn‐ion capacitors have not been applied in wearable electronics due to the use of liquid electrolytes. Here, the first quasisolid‐state Zn‐ion hybrid FC (ZnFC) based on three rationally designed components is demonstrated. First, hydrothermally assembled high surface area and conductive reduced graphene oxide/carbon nanotube composite fibers serve as capacitor‐type positive electrodes. Second, graphite fibers coated with a uniform Zn layer work as battery‐type negative electrodes. Third, a new neutral ZnSO4‐filled polyacrylic acid hydrogel act as the quasisolid‐state electrolyte, which offers high ionic conductivity and excellent stretchability. The assembled ZnFC delivers a high energy density of 48.5 mWh cm?3 at a power density of 179.9 mW cm?3. Further, Zn dendrite formation that commonly happens under high current density is efficiently suppressed on the fiber electrode, leading to superior cycling stability. Multiple ZnFCs are integrated as flexible energy storage units to power wearable devices under different deformation conditions.  相似文献   

16.
The construction of advanced Zn‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) with high energy density is promising but still challenging, especially at high current densities. In this work, a high‐energy and ultrastable aqueous ZHSC is demonstrated by introducing N dopants into a hierarchically porous carbon cathode for the purpose of enhancing its chemical adsorption of Zn ions. Experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that N doping not only significantly facilitates the chemical adsorption process of Zn ions, but also greatly increases its conductivity, surface wettability, and active sites. Consequently, the as‐fabricated aqueous ZHSC based on this N‐doped porous carbon cathode displays an exceptionally high energy density of 107.3 Wh kg?1 at a high current density of 4.2 A g?1, a superb power density of 24.9 kW kg?1, and an ultralong‐term lifespan (99.7% retention after 20 000 cycles), substantially superior to state‐of‐the‐art ZHSCs. Particularly, such a cathode also leads to a quasi‐solid‐state device with satisfactory energy storage performance, delivering a remarkable energy density of 91.8 Wh kg?1. The boosted energy storage strategy by tuning the chemical adsorption capability is also applicable to other carbon materials.  相似文献   

17.
Rational designing of the composition and structure of electrode material is of great significance for achieving highly efficient energy storage and conversion in electrochemical energy devices. Herein, MoS2/NiS yolk–shell microspheres are successfully synthesized via a facile ionic liquid‐assisted one‐step hydrothermal method. With the favorable interface effect and hollow structure, the electrodes assembled with MoS2/NiS hybrid microspheres present remarkably enhanced electrochemical performance for both overall water splitting and asymmetric supercapacitors. In particular, to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm?2, the MoS2/NiS‐based electrolysis cell for overall water splitting only needs an output voltage of 1.64 V in the alkaline medium, lower than that of Pt/C–IrO2‐based electrolysis cells (1.70 V). As an electrode for supercapacitors, the MoS2/NiS hybrid microspheres exhibit a specific capacitance of 1493 F g?1 at current density of 0.2 A g?1, and remain 1165 F g?1 even at a large current density of 2 A g?1, implying outstanding charge storage capacity and excellent rate performance. The MoS2/NiS‐ and active carbon‐based asymmetric supercapacitor manifests a maximum energy density of 31 Wh kg?1 at a power density of 155.7 W kg?1, and remarkable cycling stability with a capacitance retention of approximately 100% after 10 000 cycles.  相似文献   

18.
Silicon holds great promise as an anode material for lithium‐ion batteries with higher energy density; its implication, however, is limited by rapid capacity fading. A catalytic growth of graphene cages on composite particles of magnesium oxide and silicon, which are made by magnesiothermic reduction reaction of silica particles, is reported herein. Catalyzed by the magnesium oxide, graphene cages can be conformally grown onto the composite particles, leading to the formation of hollow graphene‐encapsulated Si particles. Such materials exhibit excellent lithium storage properties in terms of high specific capacity, remarkable rate capability (890 mAh g?1 at 5 A g?1), and good cycling retention over 200 cycles with consistently high coulombic efficiency at a current density of 1 A g?1. A full battery test using LiCoO2 as the cathode demonstrates a high energy density of 329 Wh kg?1.  相似文献   

19.
Novel electrode materials consisting of hollow cobalt sulfide nanoparticles embedded in graphitic carbon nanocages (HCSP?GCC) are facilely synthesized by a top‐down route applying room‐temperature synthesized Co‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF‐67) as the template. Owing to the good mechanical flexibility and pronounced structure stability of carbon nanocages‐encapsulated Co9S8, the as‐obtained HCSP?GCC exhibit superior Li‐ion storage. Working in the voltage of 1.0?3.0 V, they display a very high energy density (707 Wh kg?1), superior rate capability (reversible capabilities of 536, 489, 438, 393, 345, and 278 mA h g?1 at 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, and 10C, respectively), and stable cycling performance (≈26% capacity loss after long 150 cycles at 1C with a capacity retention of 365 mA h g?1). When the work voltage is extended into 0.01–3.0 V, a higher stable capacity of 1600 mA h g?1 at a current density of 100 mA g?1 is still achieved.  相似文献   

20.
The realizing of high‐performance rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) with high energy density and long cycling life is promising but still challenging due to the lack of suitable layered cathode materials. The work reports the excellent zinc‐ion storage performance as‐observed in few‐layered ultrathin VSe2 nanosheets with a two‐step Zn2+ intercalation/de‐intercalation mechanism verified by ex situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterizations. The VSe2 nanosheets exhibit a discharge plateau at 1.0–0.7 V, a specific capacity of 131.8 mAh g?1 (at 0.1 A g?1), and a high energy density of 107.3 Wh kg?1 (at a power density of 81.2 W kg?1). More importantly, outstanding cycle stability (capacity retention of 80.8% after 500 cycles) without any activation process is achieved. Such a prominent cyclic stability should be attributed to its fast Zn2+ diffusion kinetics (DZn2+ ≈ 10?8 cm?2 s?1) and robust structural/crystalline stability. Density functional theory (DFT) calculation further reveals a strong metallic characteristic and optimal zinc‐ion diffusion pathway with a hopping energy barrier of 0.91 eV. The present finding implies that 2D ultrathin VSe2 is a very promising cathode material in ZIBs with remarkable battery performance superior to other layered transitional metal dichalcogenides.  相似文献   

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