Composite adaptive anti‐disturbance resilient control for Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rate and multiple disturbances

In this paper, the problem of composite adaptive anti‐disturbance resilient control is investigated for Markovian jump systems with partly known transition rate and multiple disturbances. The considered multiple disturbances include two types: one is external disturbance, while the other is an unexpected nonlinear signal which is described as a nonlinear function. Composite adaptive disturbance observers are constructed to estimate these disturbances, and the estimations are applied to feedforward compensation. Then a composite adaptive anti‐disturbance resilient controller is obtained. Furthermore, some sufficient conditions are presented in terms of linear matrix inequalities such that the closed‐loop system is stochastically stable with performance. Finally, a numerical example and an application example are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fast and precise positioning using sequential adaptive feedforward compensation for disturbance

This paper presents a performance improvement for trajectory tracking for fast‐response and high‐precision positioning using sequential adaptive compensation for disturbances. A mathematical disturbance model formulated and parametrized by an iterative learning process can estimate the actual disturbance, and the model can be sequentially adapted using the recursive least squares method so that it shows adaptivity to disturbance variations. The proposed positioning control approach involving disturbance modeling and compensation has been verified by experiments using a linear motor‐driven table system. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 184(4): 52–63, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22280     

Achievement method of high‐speed response of error prediction tracking control for optical disk system

This paper proposes the new design method of error‐prediction control systems combining the ZPET control and the robust feedback control. The error‐prediction control system based on ZPET control can reduce the tracking error caused by periodic disturbances more efficiently than the conventional repetitive control technique. However, the proposed tracking servo system does not reduce the residual tracking error caused by the low‐pass filter of the feedforward compensation and by the long sampling time. In order to overcome this problem, this paper proposes the new structure of the feedforward tracking control system. The modified ZPET control tracking servo system for optical disk recording system does not include the low‐pass filter and its sampling time becomes faster. On the other hand, the sudden disturbance observer reduces the influence of nonperiodic disturbances. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a precise tracking response against both the periodic disturbances and the nonperiodic disturbances. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 170(4): 51–59, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience. wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20800     

一种索支撑柔性结构轨迹跟踪控制方法

大型射电望远镜馈源支撑结构采用六根柔索驱动馈源舱完成大范围高精度扫描跟踪的创新设计方案.针对该柔性结构非线性、大滞后、多变量耦合的特点,提出了一种双模糊控制和干扰观测器相结合的控制算法来实现馈源轨迹跟踪策略.这种新方法通过构造干扰观测器来观测柔性结构的各种干扰,并根据观测到的干扰信息进行补偿以抑制干扰对系统的影响;同时引入带有比例积分校正环节的双模糊控制器来实现馈源舱轨迹跟踪,通过调整因子来优化控制规则.仿真结果表明,该控制算法不仅能满足对轨迹跟踪精度要求,而且具有较强的鲁棒性.     

Direct adaptive control for non‐linear uncertain systems with exogenous disturbances

A direct adaptive non‐linear control framework for multivariable non‐linear uncertain systems with exogenous bounded disturbances is developed. The adaptive non‐linear controller addresses adaptive stabilization, disturbance rejection and adaptive tracking. The proposed framework is Lyapunov‐based and guarantees partial asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop system; that is, asymptotic stability with respect to part of the closed‐loop system states associated with the plant. In the case of bounded energy L₂ disturbances the proposed approach guarantees a non‐expansivity constraint on the closed‐loop input–output map. Finally, several illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Force‐based disturbance observer for dynamic force control and a position/force hybrid controller

In this paper, a force‐based disturbance observer (DOB) and a force control system using the DOB are proposed to obtain dynamic force control under disturbances. A DOB can reduce the effect of disturbances and modeling errors on robots. In a conventional DOB, an acceleration response is fed back to a reference, enabling highly precise position control. In other words, the effect of disturbances is decreased by emphasizing the effect of inertial forces. When a force controller is implemented, however, inertial forces are regarded as disturbances respect to a force response. Because inertial forces increase according to the acceleration, conventional DOBs are not suitable for dynamic force control. In the proposed DOB, a force response is fed back instead of an acceleration response. The effect of inertial forces is thus eliminated, thereby improving the tracking performance of force controllers. The proposed method's validity is verified analytically and experimentally. A position/force hybrid controller and a DOB for the controller are proposed as an extension of the proposed DOB. A bilateral controller is given as an example of the proposed hybrid controller, and its tracking performance is demonstrated experimentally. © 2013 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Adaptive attenuation of unknown and time‐varying narrow band and broadband disturbances

In many classes of applications like active vibration control and active noise control, the disturbances can be characterized by their frequency content and their location in a specific region in the frequency domain. The disturbances can be of narrow band type (simple or multiple) or of broad band type. A model can be associated to these disturbances. The knowledge of this model allows to design an appropriate control system in order to attenuate (or to reject) their effect upon the system to be controlled. The attenuation of disturbances by feedback is limited by the Bode Integral and the ‘water bed’ effect upon the output sensitivity function. In such situations, the feedback approach has to be complemented by a ‘feedforward disturbance compensation’ requiring an additional transducer for obtaining information upon the disturbance. Unfortunately, in most of the situations, the disturbances are unknown and time‐varying and therefore an adaptive approach should be considered. The generic term for adaptive attenuation of unknown and time‐varying disturbances is ‘adaptive regulation’ (known plant model, unknown, and time‐varying disturbance model). The paper will review a number of recent developments for adaptive feedback compensation of multiple unknown and time‐varying narrow band disturbances and for adaptive feedforward compensation of broad band disturbances in the presence of the inherent internal positive feedback caused by the coupling between the compensator system and the measurement of the image of the disturbance. Some experimental results obtained on a relevant active vibration control system will illustrate the performance of the various algorithms presented. Some open research problems will be mentioned in the conclusion. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

带有扰动观测器的双模分段风电偏航控制

针对风电偏航控制系统中存在扰动和不确定性因素的问题,设计了扰动观测器对其进行补偿,抑制了扰动和不确定因素给系统带来的不利影响。为使系统获得较好的跟踪效果,采用双模分段控制,即跟踪控制器在大偏差情况下采用比例控制,在小偏差情况下采用模糊比例微分控制,使系统具有较好的跟踪响应速度及动态性能指标。仿真结果表明,采用扰动观测器和模糊分段控制相结合的设计方案,在存在扰动的情况下,偏航系统依然具有较好的跟踪特性。     

Construction of a control system for disturbance rejection using a dual observer

A well‐known control system which can reduce the adverse effects of disturbances is a disturbance observer. However, in many cases of mechanical systems, system disturbances which do not satisfy the matching condition may be imposed. Therefore, it may be difficult to reduce the adverse effects of the disturbances by the traditional disturbance observer. In this paper, a method of control system synthesis for disturbance rejection using a dual observer is proposed. This method is based on the zeroing induced by the disturbance localization problem. This problem may be solved by dividing the state space into observable subspace and unobservable subspace. As compared with an H_∞ controller based on perfect observation, the usefulness of the proposed control system for disturbance rejection is demonstrated by numerical simulations for a two‐mass spring system. © 2002 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 138(4): 50–60, 2002; DOI 10.1002/eej.1138     

Adaptive estimation and rejection of unknown sinusoidal disturbances through measurement feedback for a class of non‐minimum phase non‐linear MIMO systems

This paper develops an adaptive estimation method to estimate unknown disturbances in a class of non‐minimum phase non‐linear MIMO systems. The unknown disturbances are generated by an unknown linear exosystem. The frequencies, phases and amplitudes of the disturbances are unknown, the only available information of the disturbances is the number of distinctive frequencies. The system considered in this paper is a class of MIMO non‐linear systems in the output feedback form which can be non‐minimum phase. The proposed estimation algorithm provides exponentially convergent estimates of system states, unknown disturbances in the system and frequencies of the disturbances characterized by the eigenvalues of the exosystem. Moreover, based on the stabilization controller for the disturbance free system, the estimates of the disturbances are used to solve the disturbance rejection problem. The unknown disturbances are compensated completely with the stability of the whole closed‐loop system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Precision motion control of a small launching platform with disturbance compensation using neural networks

A kind of launching platform driven by two permanent magnet synchronous motors which is used to launch kinetic load to hit the target always faces strong parameter uncertainties and strong external disturbance such as the air current impulsion which would degrade their tracking accuracy greatly. In this paper, a practical method which combines adaptive robust control with neural network‐based disturbance observer is proposed for high‐accuracy motion control of the launching platform. The proposed controller not only accounts for the parametric uncertainties but also takes the external disturbances into account. Adaptive control is designed to compensate the former, while neural network‐based disturbance observer is designed to compensate the latter respectively and both of them are integrated together via a feedforward cancellation technique. A new kind of parametric adaptation and weight adaptation strategy is designed by using the linear combination of the system's tracking error and the weight estimation error as a driving signal for parametric adaptation and disturbance approximation. The stability of the novel control scheme is analyzed via a Lyapunov method and this method presents a prescribed output tracking performance in the presence of both parameter uncertainties and unmodeled nonlinearities. Extensive comparative simulation and experimental results are obtained to verify the high‐performance of the proposed control strategy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于扰动估计补偿的PMLSM固定时间积分滑模控制

为了提高永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)控制系统的动态响应速度和鲁棒性,提出了一种基于扰动估计补偿的固定时间积分滑模控制（DFISMC）方法。首先,在积分滑模面的基础上,引入了一种固定时间滑模控制算法,保证系统可以在固定时间内到达平衡点。其次,设计了一种随系统状态动态调整的控制率增益函数f(s),进一步加快了收敛速度。最后,设计自适应超螺旋扰动观测器估计内部和外部不匹配扰动,并采用前馈补偿的方式将观测值引入控制律,增强了系统的抗干扰能力。仿真结果表明,DFISMC方法不仅保证了系统全局鲁棒性,而且有效提高了系统的跟踪精度和响应速度。     

采用复合控制的直流力矩电机摩擦补偿

针对陀螺漂移测试转台直流力矩电机系统中存在的非线性动态摩擦和负载扰动,为提高转台位置跟踪精确度,采用复合控制方法进行摩擦补偿研究.在转台直流电机系统中,电机模型采用简化的二阶线性直流电机模型,摩擦模型采用摩擦参数为非一致性变化的动态摩擦模型.补偿方法包含一个参数自适应律和CMAC神经网络,用于估计未知模型参数、辨识位置周期摩擦扰动并给与补偿.仿真结果表明,复合控制补偿方法保证了闭环系统全局稳定性和对期望位置信号的渐进跟踪,提高了转台位置跟踪精确度.     

Observer-based finite time adaptive fault tolerant control for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator faults and disturbances

This paper studies the problem of observer-based finite time adaptive fault tolerant control for nonaffine nonlinear systems with actuator faults and disturbances. Based on mean value theorem and convex combination method, a adaptive neural observer with virtual control coefficients is designed to estimate the systems states. Then, by using funnel Lyapunov function and backstepping method, a finite time control scheme is designed in the presence of disturbances and actuator faults. The stability analysis proves that tracking errors can converge to the prescribed performance bound in a finite time and all signals are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, simulation results verify efficiency of the studied approach.     

绳驱动空中机械臂的自适应分数阶终端滑模控制

针对集总干扰下绳驱动空中机械臂关节空间内高精度轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种基于时延估计技术的自适应鲁棒控制策略。在控制框架中,引入时延估计技术来补偿系统未建模特性、外界扰动及动力学耦合效应;采用分数阶非奇异终端滑模面来加快系统状态量的收敛速度和保证轨迹跟踪控制的精度;添加自适应律来增加控制器的鲁棒性。同时,基于李雅普诺夫稳定性理论分析了闭环系统的稳定性。最后,通过可视化仿真和地面试验对本文所设计控制器的有效性进行了验证,结果表明：与其他两种控制器相比,本文控制器具有较高的轨迹跟踪精度、较好的鲁棒性和较强的抗干扰能力。     

Prescribed performance adaptive fuzzy dynamic surface control of nonaffine time‐varying delayed systems with unknown control directions and dead‐zone input

In this paper, an adaptive prescribed performance control method is presented for a class of uncertain strict feedback nonaffine nonlinear systems with the coupling effect of time‐varying delays, dead‐zone input, and unknown control directions. Owing to the universal approximation property, fuzzy logic systems are used to approximate the uncertain terms in the system. Since there is no systematic approach to determine the required upper bounds of errors in control systems, the prior selection of control parameters to have a satisfactory performance is somehow impossible. Therefore, the prescribed performance technique as a solution is applied in this study to bring satisfactory performance indices to the system such as overshoot and steady state performance within a predetermined bound. Dynamic surface control strategy is also introduced to the proposed control scheme to address the “explosion of complexity” behavior existing in conventional backstepping methods. To ease the control design, the mean‐value theorem is utilized to transform the nonaffine system into the affine one. Moreover, with the help of this theorem, the unknown dead‐zone nonlinearity is separated into the linear and nonlinear disturbance‐like bounded term. The proposed method relaxes a prior knowledge of control direction by employing Nussbaum‐type functions, and the effect of time‐varying delays are compensated by constructing the proper Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functions. The proposed controller guarantees that all the closed‐loop signals are semiglobally uniformly ultimately bounded and the error evolves within the decaying prescribed bounds. In the end, in order to demonstrate the superiority of this method, simulation examples are given.     

基于扰动跟踪的交直流微电网互联变流器自适应反推控制策略

为提高交直流混合微电网在发生功率波动、并离网切换、系统参数偏差等情况下的鲁棒稳定性,提出了一种基于扰动跟踪的互联变流器(ILC)自适应反推控制策略。分析了交直流混合微电网的基本拓扑结构,并考虑系统建模误差和外界扰动的影响,将ILC实际数学模型转化为带综合干扰项的理想表达式;利用实时扰动跟踪法对系统综合干扰项进行观测和补偿,基于此提出了一种ILC自适应反推控制策略,以保证ILC能实时跟踪系统的外界干扰和误差并进行抑制,增强了系统应对功率波动和参数不确定性的能力;通过小信号稳定性分析和多个算例测试验证了所提控制策略的有效性和优越性。     

Sliding mode disturbance observer control based on adaptive synchronization in a class of fractional‐order chaotic systems

In this paper, a fractional‐order Dadras‐Momeni chaotic system in a class of three‐dimensional autonomous differential equations has been considered. Later, a design technique of adaptive sliding mode disturbance‐observer for synchronization of a fractional‐order Dadras‐Momeni chaotic system with time‐varying disturbances is presented. Applying the Lyapunov stability theory, the suggested control technique fulfils that the states of the fractional‐order master and slave chaotic systems are synchronized hastily. While the upper bounds of disturbances are unknown, an adaptive regulation scheme is advised to estimate them. The recommended disturbance‐observer realizes the convergence of the disturbance approximation error to the origin. Finally, simulation results are presented in one example to demonstrate the efficiency of the offered scheme on the fractional‐order Dadras‐Momeni chaotic system in the existence of external disturbances.     

Performance Evaluation of an Image‐Space Observer‐Based Visual Servoing System

In recent years, robots have come to be required to operate in various environments and situations. Therefore, robots have to recognize the environment they are in and adapt to any situations that present themselves. The purpose of this research is to increase the tracking speed and robustness of a visual servoing system. A 3‐link planar manipulator provided with a CCD camera is used to track the target. In order to track the target, an image‐based tracking method, suitable for high‐speed tracking, is used. This paper proposes an image‐space observer (IOB), which compensates disturbances in the image space. A zero‐order hold is introduced to the IOB to enhance the performance of the visual servoing system. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed through experiments.     

Adaptive trajectory tracking control of wheeled mobile robots with disturbance observer

In this paper, the trajectory tracking problem for a wheeled mobile robot in the presence of kinematic and dynamic uncertainties has been addressed. Uncertainties are modeled as lumped disturbances. A kinematic controller based on feedback linearization approach and a dynamic controller based on model reference adaptive control are designed in the presence of disturbances. In order to ensure both robustness and implementability of the controllers, the disturbances are estimated by a generalized linear matrix inequality‐based disturbance observer. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed method. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.