改进FCOS网络的海洋鱼类目标检测

鱼类的探索与保护是保持海洋生态环境平衡的重要一环,然而水下环境复杂,受光照、水质以及遮挡物的影响,造成水下捕捉鱼类图像成像模糊识别困难,制约水下鱼类目标的检测速度以及检测精度.针对以上问题,提出了一种基于改进FCOS的海洋鱼类识别模型.首先,该模型以一阶段算法FCOS为基本架构,使用轻量级的Mobile Netv2作为骨干网络,既保证检测准确度,还可以提高检测;其次,引入自适应空间特征融合(adaptively spatial feature fusion, ASFF)模块,避免尺度特征的不一致性,提高检测精度;最后,将center-ness分支引入到回归分支中,引入联合交并比损失(GIoU loss, generalized intersection over union)提高检测的性能.实验数据集使用公开数据集Fish4Knowledge (F4K)中的图片以及视频帧截取图片,选取训练性能最优模型进行评估.结果表明,提出的新模型在以上数据集的平均检测精度分别为99.79%、99.88%,相较于原模型以及其他检测模型本文提出模型的检测精度与识别速度更高,可为海洋鱼类识别提供参考依据.     

A high quality color imaging system for computerized tongue image analysis

In order to improve the quality and consistency of tongue images acquired by current imaging devices, this research aims to develop a novel imaging system which records human tongue information faithfully and precisely for medical analysis. A thorough demand analysis is firstly conducted to summarize requirements for reliable rendering of all possible medical clues, i.e., color, texture and geometric features. Then a series of system design criteria are illustrated accordingly, and by following them, three hardware modules of the imaging system, including illuminant, lighting path and imaging camera, are optimally proposed. Moreover, one built-in software module, the color correction process, is also provided to compensate color variations caused by system components. Finally, several important performance indicators, including illumination uniformity, system reproducibility and accuracy, are elaborately tested. Experimental results show that captured images are in high quality and keep stable when acquisitions are repeated. The largest color difference between any two acquired images is 1.6532, which is hardly to be distinguished by human observation. Compared to existing devices, the proposed system could provide much more accurate and stable solution for tongue image acquisition. Besides, this developed imaging system has been evaluated by doctors of Traditional Chinese Medicine for almost three years and over 9,000 tongue images have been collected, analysis results based these data also validate the effectiveness of the proposed system.     

基于改进型模糊ARTMAP网络的CBR遥感图像分类系统研究

针对难以及时地获取充足而准确的遥感样本、缺乏积累和管理遥感样本的有效手段是制约遥感图像分类技术发展的瓶颈问题。构建了基于改进型模糊ARTMAP网络的CBR(case-based reasoning范例推理)遥感图像分类系统。系统将改进型模糊ARTMAP网络作为范例的知识提取器和图像分类器,运用CBR求解策略实现遥感样本知识的合理储备、优化组合和重复利用。分别应用本文所建系统、最大似然法、BP网络和改进型模糊ARTMAP网络对向海自然保护区TM遥感图像进行分类操作,实验结果表明,本文建立的系统与其他分类方法相比,能够更好地提高遥感样本数据的利用效率和遥感图像的分类精度,而且一定程度上解决了在样本有限的条件下如何高效利用已有数据进行遥感图像分类的问题。     

Maneuverability modeling and trajectory tracking for fish robot

This study develops a 6-DOF mathematical model for a robotic fish that considers surge, sway, heave, roll, pitch, and yaw. The model considers the conditions of a fish swimming in ocean current perturbations similar to the ocean current perturbations of the slender-body autonomous underwater vehicles. For swimming and turning behaviors, a nonlinear, dynamic, carangiform locomotion model is derived by using a planar four-link model. A 2-DOF barycenter mechanism is proposed to provide body stabilization and to serve as an actuating device for active control design. A barycenter control scheme is developed to change the center of gravity of the robot fish body by moving balancing masses along two axes. The projected torque on x and y axes propel pitch and roll angles to the desired settings. A Stabilizing controller, fish-tail mechanism, rigid body dynamics, and kinematics are incorporated to enable the fish robot to move in three dimensional space. Simulation results have demonstrated maneuverability and control system performance of the developed controller which is proposed to conduct path tracking of the robot fish as it swims under current perturbations.     

Business failure prediction using hybrid2 case-based reasoning (H2CBR)

We have investigated business failure prediction (BFP) by a combination of decision-aid, statistical, and artificial intelligence techniques. The goal is to construct a hybrid forecasting method for BFP by combining various outranking preference functions with case-based reasoning (CBR), whose heart is the k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) algorithm, and to empirically test the predictive performance of its modules. The hybrid² CBR (H²CBR) forecasting method was constructed by integrating six hybrid CBR modules. These hybrid CBR modules were built up by combining and modifying six outranking preference functions with the algorithm of k-NN inside CBR. A trial-and-error iterative process was employed to identify the optimal hybrid CBR module of the H²CBR forecasting system. The prediction of the optimal module is the final output of the H²CBR forecasting method. We have compared the predictive performance of the six hybrid CBR modules in BFP of Chinese listed companies. In this empirical study, the classical CBR algorithm based on the Euclidean metric, and the two classical statistical methods of logistic regression (Logit) and multivariate discriminant analysis (MDA) were used as baseline models for comparison. Feature subsets were selected with the stepwise method of MDA. The predictive performance of the H²CBR system is promising; the most preferred hybrid CBR for short-term BFP of Chinese listed companies is based on the ranking-order preference function.     

工业以太网实现水污染监测系统的设计

针对我国水污染在线连续监测的现状,为了更快捷、有效地进行水体监控,达到治理水污染的目的,将先进的检测技术、ARM9处理器、嵌入式等技术应用于智能监测装置,实现远程在线监测。该系统集显示、信息、处理、监测和通信等功能于一体,应用工业以太网进行信息的交换与传输,信息可直接接入互联网进行在线集中监测。试验结果表明,该系统精度高、实时性好,监测可靠性大幅度提高,在我国水污染监控系统中有广阔的应用前景。     

基于人工鱼群优化BPNN的AUV目标识别方法

为了削弱复杂恶劣的环境对水下成像造成的不利影响及满足水下机器人目标识别任务实时性的需求,提出了基于人工鱼群算法(AFSA)优化BP神经网络的水下目标识别算法,通过构造组合不变矩对水下目标进行特征提取,提高了目标的聚类性能.引入具有全局寻优能力的AFSA,其在增加单纯神经网络收敛速度的同时避免算法陷入局部最优,进而建立了完整的基于人工鱼群神经网络的水下目标识别系统.在不同的水下目标中对该系统进行实验,通过比较提取的不同的目标图像,结果表明所建立系统具有较优的聚类性能和较高的识别精度.该方法用于水下目标识别是可行的、有效的.     

数据挖掘技术在水质评价中应用研究

研究水质评价准确性问题,提高水质评价结果。水质评价指标多,根据监测资料,每种指标对评价结果产生不同程度影响,即权重值不同。传统评估采用人为确定指标权重,具有盲目性和主观性,导致水质评价结果不科学,准确率低。为了提高水质评价的准确率,提出一种基于熵权的水质评价模型。首先构建水质评价指标体系,然后利用熵权法计算出各评价指标权重,最后利用逼近理想解排序法计算出各检测点到理想解和负理想解的距离,参照水质污染标准,得到各检测点水质污染等级,利用相对贴近度,获得水质污染值。研究结果表明,评价准确度高,是一种有效的水质评价方法,为评价水质提供了依据。     

物联网背景下的城市污水可视化监控体系研究

为了解决目前人类饮用水普遍遭到污染的问题,保护水资源,防治水污染,文中以常州为例,在物联网背景下,提出了一种基于虚拟仪器技术的城市污水可视化监控体系的设计方法,同时给出了系统的整体方案和软硬件结构。该系统可以对人类饮用水的污染源进行远程全面监控,并对水质进行监测。     

基于案例推理的网络舆情辅助决策系统研究

为了实现网络舆情监测与辅助决策,提出一种基于案例推理的网络舆情辅助决策系统框架。首先综述网络舆情研究现状,提出基于案例推理的网络舆情辅助决策系统的意义;其次,研究基于案例推理的网络舆情辅助决策系统的工作流程,并提出基于案例推理的网络舆情辅助决策系统的框架;接着研究基于案例推理的网络舆情辅助决策系统中的关键内容,即案例表示与检索,并给出详细实现方法;最后,在以上研究基础上实现原型系统,结果表明该系统可以有效实现舆情辅助决策。     

基于三维全卷积网络的肝脏和肝癌分割算法研究

为了解决计算机断层扫描(computed tomography,CT)影像中肝脏和肝癌的准确分割问题,提出了基于三维全卷积网络的肝脏分割算法和肝癌分割算法。肝脏分割算法和肝癌分割算法都采用Vnet网络进行分割。在肝脏分割算法中,采用了形态学方法进行后处理,提高了肝脏分割准确率。在肝癌分割算法中,采用了组合损失函数训练Vnet网络,使得Vnet网络更好地收敛,并加入后处理提高了肝癌分割准确率。为了验证算法的性能,采用MICCAI 2017 Liver Tumor Segmentation Challenge(LiTS)数据集进行了肝脏分割和肝癌分割的5折交叉验证实验。肝脏分割算法在测试集的平均分割准确率为0.9510,高于Unet网络和3D Unet网络;肝癌分割算法的平均分割准确率为0.712。实验结果表明,肝脏分割算法可以准确地对肝脏进行分割,肝癌分割算法也达到了较高的准确率。     

Combining case-based reasoning systems and support vector regression to evaluate the atmosphere–ocean interaction

This work presents a system for automatically evaluating the interaction that exists between the atmosphere and the ocean’s surface. Monitoring and evaluating the ocean’s carbon exchange process is a function that requires working with a great amount of data: satellite images and in situ vessel’s data. The system presented in this study focuses on computational intelligence. The study presents an intelligent system based on the use of case-based reasoning (CBR) systems and offers a distributed model for such an interaction. Moreover, the system takes into account the fact that the working environment is dynamic and therefore it requires autonomous models that evolve over time. In order to resolve this problem, an intelligent environment has been developed, based on the use of CBR systems, which are capable of handling several goals, by constructing plans from the data obtained through satellite images and research vessels, acquiring knowledge and adapting to environmental changes. The artificial intelligence system has been successfully tested in the North Atlantic Ocean, and the results obtained will be presented in this study.     

面向高密度柔性集成电路封装基板的精密视觉检测算法

高密度柔性集成电路(IC)封装基板是电子组件的核心载体, 其制造过程中的刻蚀、显影等工艺需要严格的品质控制. 本文开发了一种融合金相显微镜与工业相机的成像视觉检测系统, 用于柔性IC封装基板的图像采集与品质控制. 针对显微成像视野小、易离焦等问题, 提出了一种基于中值的三元模式局部纹理快速自动对焦算法. 此外,针对高倍镜下柔性IC封装氧化缺陷分布不均匀问题, 引入微分几何工具, 利用曲率等几何特征提出了一种基于动态曲线演化的高精度表面氧化分布特征检测模型. 通过定性与定量的实验研究, 验证了两种算法在快速性和高精度方面的优越性能.     

Research of new strategies for improving CBR system

Case based reasoning (CBR), as an important AI technology, has gained popularity for its unique means of problem solving, which solves a new problem by remembering previous similar situations and reusing knowledge from the solutions to these situations. To construct a CBR system, two key issues have to be considered: one is feature selection, through which important features are extracted from the whole experience case and make up a case; the other is case retrieval, through which most appropriate case is retrieved for reuse. In order to further improve the accuracy of CBR system, this paper proposes a new feature selection method called Calculating Differences based on Growing Hierarchical Self Organizing Map clustering (CD-GHSOM) and a new case retrieval method called Growing Hierarchical Self Organizing Map based Case Retrieval (GHSOM-CR). Lots of experiments are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed methods by comparing them with other recent researches.     

反向自适应高斯变异的人工鱼群算法

针对人工鱼群算法存在易陷入局部最优、鲁棒性差以及寻优精度低的问题,提出了反向自适应高斯变异的人工鱼群算法。改进后的算法引入了反向解,根据反向解调整人工鱼的移动方向以及位置,从而提供更多的机会发掘潜在的较优空间,使人工鱼群快速跳出局部最优,从全局角度提升算法的搜索性能。同时提出了一种非线性自适应视野步长策略,更好地平衡了全局搜索与局部搜索之间的关系。为了增加鱼群的多样性,降低人工鱼陷入早熟的可能性,提出了一种最优解引导的高斯变异机制。仿真实验结果表明,该算法能有效地提高人工鱼群的寻优精度、寻优质量及鲁棒性,并且避免了人工鱼群过早收敛。     

An empirical study of predicting software faults with case-based reasoning

The resources allocated for software quality assurance and improvement have not increased with the ever-increasing need for better software quality. A targeted software quality inspection can detect faulty modules and reduce the number of faults occurring during operations. We present a software fault prediction modeling approach with case-based reasoning (CBR), a part of the computational intelligence field focusing on automated reasoning processes. A CBR system functions as a software fault prediction model by quantifying, for a module under development, the expected number of faults based on similar modules that were previously developed. Such a system is composed of a similarity function, the number of nearest neighbor cases used for fault prediction, and a solution algorithm. The selection of a particular similarity function and solution algorithm may affect the performance accuracy of a CBR-based software fault prediction system. This paper presents an empirical study investigating the effects of using three different similarity functions and two different solution algorithms on the prediction accuracy of our CBR system. The influence of varying the number of nearest neighbor cases on the performance accuracy is also explored. Moreover, the benefits of using metric-selection procedures for our CBR system is also evaluated. Case studies of a large legacy telecommunications system are used for our analysis. It is observed that the CBR system using the Mahalanobis distance similarity function and the inverse distance weighted solution algorithm yielded the best fault prediction. In addition, the CBR models have better performance than models based on multiple linear regression. Taghi M. Khoshgoftaar is a professor of the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Florida Atlantic University and the Director of the Empirical Software Engineering Laboratory. His research interests are in software engineering, software metrics, software reliability and quality engineering, computational intelligence, computer performance evaluation, data mining, and statistical modeling. He has published more than 200 refereed papers in these areas. He has been a principal investigator and project leader in a number of projects with industry, government, and other research-sponsoring agencies. He is a member of the Association for Computing Machinery, the IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Reliability Society. He served as the general chair of the 1999 International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE’99), and the general chair of the 2001 International Conference on Engineering of Computer Based Systems. Also, he has served on technical program committees of various international conferences, symposia, and workshops. He has served as North American editor of the Software Quality Journal, and is on the editorial boards of the journals Empirical Software Engineering, Software Quality, and Fuzzy Systems. Naeem Seliya received the M.S. degree in Computer Science from Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA, in 2001. He is currently a Ph.D. candidate in the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at Florida Atlantic University. His research interests include software engineering, computational intelligence, data mining, software measurement, software reliability and quality engineering, software architecture, computer data security, and network intrusion detection. He is a student member of the IEEE Computer Society and the Association for Computing Machinery.     

Immediate water quality assessment in shrimp culture using fuzzy inference systems

The continuous monitoring of physical, chemical and biological parameters in shrimp culture is an important activity for detecting potential crisis that can be harmful for the organisms. Water quality can be assessed through toxicological tests evaluated directly from water quality parameters involved in the ecosystem; these tests provide an indicator about the water quality. The aim of this study is to develop a fuzzy inference system based on a reasoning process, which involves aquaculture criteria established by official organizations and researchers for assessing water quality by analyzing the main factors that affect a shrimp ecosystem. We propose to organize the water quality parameters in groups according to their importance; these groups are defined as daily, weekly and by request monitoring. Additionally, we introduce an analytic hierarchy process to define priorities for more critical water quality parameters and groups. The proposed system analyzes the most important parameters in shrimp culture, detects potential negative situations and provides a new water quality index (WQI), which describes the general status of the water quality as excellent, good, regular and poor. The Canadian water quality and other well-known hydrological indices are used to compare the water quality parameters of the shrimp water farm. Results show that WQI index has a better performance than other indices giving a more accurate assessment because the proposed fuzzy inference system integrates all environmental behaviors giving as result a complete score. This fuzzy inference system emerges as an appropriated tool for assessing site performance, providing assistance to improve production through contingency actions in polluted ponds.     

基于工业视觉的水体表面污染监测系统

针对工矿企业突发性水污染事故具有明显悬浮物或明显颜色变化,且多数污染可通过表层水体视觉方式直观判断等特点,基于突发性水污染事故监测需求分析,研究了一种基于工业视觉的水体表面污染监测系统;针对连续多帧图像信息受水流流速、颗粒悬浮物和系统噪声等影响问题,提出了随机扰动信号滤波方法和基于颜色信息评价的多级图像信息调节方法,进而采用优化神经网络建立污染分析模型,并开发了监测装置对水体图像进行实时分析,实现污染状态快速判断;在某冶炼企业应急站投用该系统后,降低了劳动强度,缩短判断时间,提高判断准确度,降低环保事故发生率、减少岗位人员数量、降低成本,取得了显著的应用效果。     

CRAS-CBR: Internal control risk assessment system using case-based reasoning

Abstract: Information technology and the Internet have been major drivers for changes in all aspects of business processes and activities. They have brought major changes to the financial statements audit environment as well, which in turn has required modifications in audit procedures. There exist certain difficulties, however, with current audit procedures especially for the assessment of the level of control risk. This assessment is primarily based on the auditors' professional judgment and experiences, not on objective rules or criteria. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a prototype decision support model named CRAS‐CBR using case‐based reasoning to support auditors in making their professional judgment on the assessment of the level of control risk of the general accounting system in the manufacturing industry. To validate the performance, we compare our proposed model with benchmark performances in terms of classification accuracy for the level of control risk. Our experimental results show that CRAS‐CBR outperforms a statistical model and staff auditor performance in average hit ratio.