Histogram-Based Decision Support System for Extraction and Classification of Leukemia in Blood Smear Images

An abnormality that develops in white blood cells is called leukemia. The diagnosis of leukemia is made possible by microscopic investigation of the smear in the periphery. Prior training is necessary to complete the morphological examination of the blood smear for leukemia diagnosis. This paper proposes a Histogram Threshold Segmentation Classifier (HTsC) for a decision support system. The proposed HTsC is evaluated based on the color and brightness variation in the dataset of blood smear images. Arithmetic operations are used to crop the nucleus based on automated approximation. White Blood Cell (WBC) segmentation is calculated using the active contour model to determine the contrast between image regions using the color transfer approach. Through entropy-adaptive mask generation, WBCs accurately detect the circularity region for identification of the nucleus. The proposed HTsC addressed the cytoplasm region based on variations in size and shape concerning addition and rotation operations. Variation in WBC imaging characteristics depends on the cytoplasmic and nuclear regions. The computation of the variation between image features in the cytoplasm and nuclei regions of the WBCs is used to classify blood smear images. The classification of the blood smear is performed with conventional machine-learning techniques integrated with the features of the deep-learning regression classifier. The designed HTsC classifier comprises the binary classifier with the classification of the lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, and abnormalities in the WBCs. The proposed HTsC identifies the abnormal activity in the WBC, considering the color and shape features. It exhibits a higher classification accuracy value of 99.6% when combined with the other classifiers. The comparative analysis expressed that the proposed HTsC model exhibits an overall accuracy value of 98%, which is approximately 3%–12% higher than the conventional technique.     

A novel white blood cell segmentation scheme based on feature space clustering

This paper presents a novel white blood cell (WBC) segmentation scheme based on two feature space clustering techniques: scale-space filtering and watershed clustering. In this scheme, nucleus and cytoplasm, the two components of WBC, are extracted, respectively, using different methods. First, a sub image containing WBC is separated from the original cell image. Then, scale-space filtering is used to extract nucleus region from sub image. Later, a watershed clustering in 3-D HSV histogram is processed to extract cytoplasm region. Finally, morphological operations are performed to obtain the entire connective WBC region. Through feature space clustering techniques, this scheme successfully avoids the variety and complexity in image space, and can effectively extract WBC regions from various cell images of peripheral blood smear. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed scheme performs much better than former methods.     

基于多光谱采集技术的骨髓涂片细胞分割方法

通过光学显微镜估计不同类型、不同成熟阶段的血细胞的相对数目对血液病的诊断具有十分重要的意义。由于骨髓中有核血细胞类数多,特征复杂,给自动分析造成极大困难。论文采用了一种新颖的多光谱成像技术,所采集的图像可以提供更多反映物质特性的光谱信息。在此基础上,探索性地将支持向量机用于骨髓细胞图像的分割。实验证明这种以多光谱技术为基础的分割方法推广性好,准确率非常高,并且明显降低了对采集设备情况和涂片质量的依赖性。     

高分辨率遥感影像的多特征多核ELM分类方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像地物分布复杂多变,利用ELM的快速分类性能,提出了一种ELM的多特征多核高分辨率遥感影像分类方法。首先利用多尺度分割算法将原始影像粗分为若干地物区域;然后依据区域合并准则对粗分割图像合并得到典型地物特征的对象信息,并提取分割对象的光谱特征与空间特征;最后以多种核函数加权组合的方式构建多核ELM对影像分类,获得最终的分类结果。实验结果表明,所提方法不仅降低了对目标训练样本的要求,同时还提高了分类的准确性、及时性和完整性。     

基于卷积神经网络的虫情图像分割和计数方法

为提高虫情图像的分割和计数的准确率,提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的虫情图像分割和计数方法。该方法基于U-Net模型构造了一种昆虫图像分割的模型Insect-Net,将完整的虫情图像和切割后的虫情图像分别输入模型后,提取两者特征进行融合。将融合后的特征输入1个1×1的卷积层得到最终分割结果,再将得到的结果二值化后,采用轮廓检测算法将昆虫目标与背景分离并计数。实验结果表明,该方法在虫情图像中取得了较高的分割正确率和计数正确率,分别为94.4%和89.2%。用深度学习和卷积神经网络的方法有效提高了虫情图像的计数精度,并且为昆虫识别分类提供了大量的无背景数据集。     

A leucocytes count system from blood smear images

Automated blood cell counting instruments are very important tools, daily used by haematologists and medical analysts to perform a complete blood count (CBC). The results of the CBC may be complex to interpret but could lead to important decisions regarding the patient medical treatment. The main focus of this research is oriented to a CBC technique, named white blood cell count (WBCC). Generally, the WBCC is performed by skilled medical operators on peripheral blood smears in order to make a correct count and to obtain useful information such as cell abnormalities or the physical status. The manual WBCC is associated with several challenges, in fact it is a time-consuming, labour intensive and expensive process. This paper introduces a reliable automated WBCC system based on image processing techniques. The main aims are to speed up and to improve the accuracy of the WBCC process. The proposed automated system introduces a new approach to segment white blood cells taking into account the knowledge acquired from a training set formed of the three main classes elements, the white blood cells, the red blood cells and the plasma present in a blood smear image. The segmented regions containing only the white blood cells are subjected to a further step in which the count is performed using the circular Hough transform exploiting the grey-level information. The method has been tested on three different public datasets, in order to highlight the accuracy of the segmentation approach with different colour images and illumination conditions. The experimental results obtained on these datasets demonstrate that the proposed method is very accurate and robust achieving an accuracy of at least 99.2 % in white blood cells counting.     

A robust algorithm for white blood cell nuclei segmentation

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Segmentation of white blood cell nucleus is a crucial step in white blood cell counting and classification system based on peripheral blood smear images. It is...     

基于U-Net的高分辨率遥感图像语义分割方法

图像分割是遥感解译的重要基础环节,高分辨率遥感图像中包含复杂的地物目标信息,传统分割方法应用受到极大限制,以深度卷积神经网络为代表的分割方法在诸多领域取得了突破进展。针对高分辨遥感图像分割问题,提出一种基于U-Net改进的深度卷积神经网络,实现了端到端的像素级语义分割。对原始数据集做了扩充,对每一类地物目标训练一个二分类模型,随后将各预测子图组合生成最终语义分割图像。采用了集成学习策略来提高分割精度,在“CCF卫星影像的AI分类与识别竞赛”数据集上取得了94%的训练准确率和90%的测试准确率。实验结果表明,该网络在拥有较高分割准确率的同时还具有良好的泛化能力,能够用于实际工程。     

基于决策树SVM分类器的感兴趣区域定位方法

感兴趣区域定位是提取目标特征,进行目标识别与跟踪等后续处理的重要基础.由于大尺寸遥感图像的光谱特性和目标形状均很复杂,通常采用的基于光谱特征的分割方法和基于边缘的区域生长技术不合适,从模式分类角度考虑遥感图像中感兴趣区域快速定位问题,提出一种基于决策二叉树支持向量机的纹理分类方法,将分类器分布在各个结点上,构成了多类支持向量机,减少了分类器数量和重复训练样本的数量.在SPOT图像上的实验结果表明,该方法实现感兴趣区域的快速定位有较高的分类正确率.     

一种基于柔性力敏传感器的人数统计系统

针对复杂环境下公共场所出入口的人数统计需求,避免因光照变化、遮挡、运动模糊及复杂背景等对统计精度造成的影响,提出一种基于柔性力敏传感器的人数统计系统。该系统实时获取公共场所出入口处的行人在传感器区域留下的压力足印,并通过网络通信模块将足底压力数据传递给上位机进行数据处理与分析,经过数据去噪、图像分割和特征提取等步骤得到目标脚印及其特征参数,再运用特征匹配和运动轨迹规划算法进行人数统计。实验结果表明,该系统不仅工作稳定,具有较好的鲁棒性以及较快的响应速度,而且在不同测试场景中均可获得较高的统计准确率,特定场景下最高可达98%。     

SVM approximation for real-time image segmentation by using an improved hyperrectangles-based method

A real-time implementation of an approximation of the support vector machine (SVM) decision rule is proposed. This method is based on an improvement of a supervised classification method using hyperrectangles, which is useful for real-time image segmentation. The final decision combines the accuracy of the SVM learning algorithm and the speed of a hyperrectangles-based method. We review the principles of the classification methods and we evaluate the hardware implementation cost of each method. We present the combination algorithm, which consists of rejecting ambiguities in the learning set using SVM decision, before using the learning step of the hyperrectangles-based method. We present results obtained using Gaussian distribution and give an example of image segmentation from an industrial inspection problem. The results are evaluated regarding hardware cost as well as classification performances.     

结合地籍数据的高密度城区面向对象遥感分类 

利用高分辨率遥感影像和GIS辅助数据,对高密度城区进行面向对象的土地利用覆被分类研究。使用NAIP高分辨率航空遥感影像,在多尺度影像分割的基础上,针对特定地物选择合适的影像分割参数。采用决策树方法建立高密度城市地区的分类规则,并结合该地区地籍图数据作为辅助数据,逐步进行高密度城市地区地物信息提取。利用辅助数据进行面向对象的遥感分类效果优于单纯依靠遥感影像进行的分类,且有效提取了道路和复杂的房屋等信息,得到了理想的分类结果,其总分类精度从常规面向对象方法的84.08%提高到89.79%。利用辅助数据进行遥感分类提高了高分辨率遥感影像的分类精度,说明了利用辅助数据进行遥感分类方法的有效性。     

基于多因素的图像分割算法

在线视觉棒材计数系统中通过实时处理视频信息，对运动对象进行计数。为了满足实时性的要求。文章提出了一种基于多因素的图像分割算法，实验表明该算法能有效地分割图像中的目标，并显著提高了分割效率。     

基于超像素的高分遥感影像分割算法

针对高分遥感影像中存在地物数目多,特征信息复杂导致分割边缘不清晰、对象细节丢失等问题,提出一种改进的超像素分割和多特征结合的遥感影像分割合并算法。在对图像进行分割前的预处理阶段,使用超像素分割技术得到初始分割图像;区域合并过程中,基于对象间的异质性和对象内部的同质性,结合光谱、纹理和形状特征,对对象进行合并;通过调整全局分割参数来调整合并尺度,得到最终的影像分割结果。实验结果表明,所提方法能得到较好的影像分割效果。     

Combining shape, texture and intensity features for cell nuclei extraction in Pap smear images

In this work, we present an automated method for the detection and boundary determination of cells nuclei in conventional Pap stained cervical smear images. The detection of the candidate nuclei areas is based on a morphological image reconstruction process and the segmentation of the nuclei boundaries is accomplished with the application of the watershed transform in the morphological color gradient image, using the nuclei markers extracted in the detection step. For the elimination of false positive findings, salient features characterizing the shape, the texture and the image intensity are extracted from the candidate nuclei regions and a classification step is performed to determine the true nuclei. We have examined the performance of two unsupervised (K-means, spectral clustering) and a supervised (Support Vector Machines, SVM) classification technique, employing discriminative features which were selected with a feature selection scheme based on the minimal-Redundancy-Maximal-Relevance criterion. The proposed method was evaluated on a data set of 90 Pap smear images containing 10,248 recognized cell nuclei. Comparisons with the segmentation results of a gradient vector flow deformable (GVF) model and a region based active contour model (ACM) are performed, which indicate that the proposed method produces more accurate nuclei boundaries that are closer to the ground truth.     

实时卡片字符识别与校验系统的设计与实现

论文设计并实现了一种基于多阈值字符分割、多分类器融合分类和相似判断的IC卡字符识别与校验系统。为了减少分割可能带来的错误识别,系统采用了对多阈值下的识别结果取平均的方法来提高识别的稳定性。通过分类结果、分类权向量和给定字符之间的相似性判断最终确定打印的字符是否正确。相似性规则中的阈值由实验确定。硬件上采用了性价比较高的设备,实验结果表明文中的系统能满足实际要求。     

基于时点分割的核Fisher判别分析–顺序回归机多类分类建模方法

针对多维时间序列的多类分类问题,本文提出基于时点分割思想的核Fisher判别分析-顺序回归机(KFDA-ORM)多类分类建模方法.该方法利用核Fisher判别分析(KFDA)与顺序回归机(ORM)的互补性得到分类决策函数;对分类样本的多维时间序列进行时点分割处理,使用决策函数得到各时点的分类级别;通过指数平滑分析得到采样周期内样本的最终分类结果.通过实例验证,该方法对多维时间序列的分类具有较好效果,是一种有效的多类分类方法.     

基于C5.0的遥感影像决策树分类实验研究

决策树算法是一种非参数化、非线性的监督分类法。以2010年8月1日Landsat TM影像为基础遥感信息源,以内蒙古自治区赤峰市中部巴林右旗、林西县、克什克腾旗、翁牛特旗交汇处的区域为研究区,通过多次修改完善训练样本数据集,然后把6个原始波段和NDVI、主成分分析后的前3个主分量、常用8个纹理特征以及3个地形特征等共21个特征变量组合成5个不同特征变量组合,采用典型决策树算法C5.0进行了遥感影像分类实验,与最大似然分类结果进行对比。结果表明:C5.0决策树的分类结果优于最大似然结果,尤其是特征变量组合恰当的时候,能够有效利用相关辅助信息,因而最终的分类结果更能满足用户需求。     

A framework for the segmentation of high-resolution satellite imagery using modified seeded-region growing and region merging

Image segmentation is becoming increasingly important in areas such as object-oriented image classification in the field of remote-sensing image analysis. We present a new approach for the image segmentation of a high-resolution pan-sharpened satellite image based on modified seeded-region growing and region merging. First, we conduct some pre-processing prior to image segmentation to improve segmentation quality. The initial seeds are automatically selected using the proposed block-based seed-selection method. After automatic selection of significant seeds, initial segmentation is achieved by applying the modified seeded-region growing procedure. Finally, region merging, based on a region-adjacency graph, is carried out in post-processing to obtain the final segmentation result. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method shows better performance than other approaches, and has good potential for its application to the segmentation of high-resolution satellite imagery.     

结合多特征和模糊偏好关系的高分辨率遥感影像分割

高空间分辨率(简称高分辨率)遥感影像除光谱特征外,还包含丰富的纹理特征,为了实现高分辨率遥感影像的高精度分割,提出结合多特征和模糊偏好关系的分割方法.首先,通过像素光谱测度定义多种统计特征,根据定义的各个特征提取特征影像并分别实现影像分割,利用其结果构建模糊决策矩阵;然后,基于像素定义特征间的模糊偏好关系矩阵,计算不同特征对最终分割决策的权重,并对模糊决策矩阵加权以突出优势特征,抑制劣势特征;最后,通过反模糊化决策矩阵得到最优影像分割结果.对合成影像和真实高分辨率遥感影像的分割结果进行定性和定量评价,结果表明,合成影像的分割总精度为99.8%,Kappa值为0.998,说明所提出的算法通过结合各特征的优势部分能够获得高精度的分割结果.